Jinoyat inglizcha crime, jinoyatchi criminal. Har bir jinoyat turining uchta shakli bor: jinoyatning nomi, qiluvchi odam va fe’l. Masalan, theft — thief — steal (o‘g‘irlik — o‘g‘ri — o‘g‘irlamoq). Sud jarayonidagi asosiy odamlar: suspect (gumonlanuvchi), victim (jabrlanuvchi), witness (guvoh) va judge (sudya); jarayonning o‘zi court (sud) va trial (sud muhokamasi).
Bu so‘zlar yangilik o‘qishda, detektiv kitob va seriallarda, IELTS Writing’dagi jinoyat mavzusidagi insholarda kerak bo‘ladi. Pastda 50 ta so‘z to‘rt jadvalda, keyin qisqa yangilik matni, detektiv hikoya, dialog va mashq.
Jinoyat turlari: nom, jinoyatchi, fe’l
| Jinoyat | Tarjima | Jinoyatchi | Fe’l va birikma | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| theft | o‘g‘irlik | thief | steal something | Someone stole my phone on the bus. |
| robbery | talonchilik (kuch bilan) | robber | rob a person / a bank | Two men robbed a shop near the station. |
| burglary | uyga o‘g‘rilikka tushish | burglar | break into a house, burgle | Burglars broke into the flat while the family was at a wedding. |
| pickpocketing | cho‘ntakkesarlik | pickpocket | pick someone’s pocket | Watch your bag, pickpockets work in crowded markets. |
| shoplifting | do‘kondan o‘g‘irlash | shoplifter | shoplift | The shoplifter was caught on CCTV. |
| fraud | firibgarlik | fraudster | commit fraud, defraud | He was accused of online fraud. |
| bribery | poraxo‘rlik | — | take a bribe, offer a bribe | The official was accused of taking bribes. |
| vandalism | buzg‘unchilik | vandal | vandalise property | Vandals damaged the bus stop. |
| assault | tan jarohati yetkazish | attacker | attack, assault someone | The attacker was arrested the same night. |
| murder | qotillik | murderer | murder, commit murder | The novel is about a murder in an old hotel. |
| drink-driving | mast holda haydash | drink-driver | be caught drink-driving | Drink-driving is a serious offence. |
| kidnapping | odam o‘g‘irlash | kidnapper | kidnap someone | The film is about a kidnapping. |
Steal va rob farqi. Steal dan keyin narsa keladi: They stole my bike. Rob dan keyin odam yoki joy keladi: They robbed me. They robbed the bank. Shuning uchun Somebody robbed my phone xato; to‘g‘risi Somebody stole my phone yoki I was robbed.
Sud va tergovdagi odamlar: 12 so‘z
| So‘z | Tarjima | Birikmalar | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| victim | jabrlanuvchi | the victim of a crime | The victim gave a description of the man. |
| witness | guvoh | a witness to the crime, a key witness | A witness saw the car leave at midnight. |
| suspect | gumonlanuvchi | the main suspect, question a suspect | Police are questioning two suspects. |
| police officer | politsiya xodimi | a police officer arrived | A police officer wrote down my details. |
| detective | tergovchi, detektiv | a detective investigates | The detective noticed a small mistake. |
| lawyer | advokat | hire a lawyer | He asked to speak to his lawyer. |
| judge | sudya | the judge decided | The judge listened to both sides. |
| jury | hakamlar hay’ati | the jury decided | In the UK, a jury decides many criminal cases. |
| defendant | sudlanuvchi | the defendant denied | The defendant denied all the charges. |
| prosecutor | prokuror | the prosecutor said | The prosecutor showed new evidence. |
| prisoner | mahbus | release a prisoner | The prisoner was released after five years. |
| offender | huquqbuzar | a first-time offender | First-time offenders sometimes get a lighter sentence. |
Jinoyatdan sud hukmigacha: 15 fe’l va ot
Tartib bilan o‘qing: yangiliklarda voqea aynan shu ketma-ketlikda yoziladi.
| So‘z | Tarjima | Birikmalar | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| commit | sodir etmoq | commit a crime | Most crimes are committed at night. |
| report | xabar bermoq | report a crime to the police | I reported the theft the next morning. |
| investigate | tergov qilmoq | investigate a case | Police are investigating the robbery. |
| evidence | dalil | find evidence, strong evidence | There was no evidence against him. |
| clue | iz, ishora | look for clues | The footprint was the first clue. |
| arrest | hibsga olmoq | arrest someone for | He was arrested for fraud. |
| charge | ayblov qo‘ymoq; ayblov | charge someone with, face charges | She was charged with theft. |
| deny / admit | inkor qilmoq / tan olmoq | deny the charges, admit the crime | He admitted stealing the car. |
| court | sud | go to court, appear in court | The case went to court a year later. |
| trial | sud muhokamasi | go on trial, stand trial | The trial starts next month. |
| guilty / innocent | aybdor / aybsiz | find someone guilty | The jury found him not guilty. |
| convict / acquit | aybdor deb topmoq / oqlamoq | be convicted of, be acquitted | She was acquitted because of the new evidence. |
| sentence | hukm; hukm qilmoq | be sentenced to, a prison sentence | He was sentenced to three years in prison. |
| fine | jarima; jarima solmoq | pay a fine, be fined | The driver was fined for speeding. |
| release | ozod qilmoq | be released from prison | He was released early for good behaviour. |
Predloglar: arrested for, charged with, convicted of, sentenced to. Bu to‘rttasini birga yodlang, yangiliklarda hammasi uchraydi. Bu gaplarning deyarli barchasi majhul nisbatda (was arrested, was charged); qoidasi passive voice sahifasida.
Bu sahifadagi misollar tilni o‘rganish uchun. Huquqiy tartib har bir mamlakatda boshqacha: masalan, jury Buyuk Britaniya va AQShda bor, lekin hamma joyda emas. Real huquqiy savolda advokat yoki rasmiy manbaga murojaat qiling.
Yangilik matni: majhul nisbat bilan
O‘quv uchun to‘qilgan matn; odamlar va voqea haqiqiy emas.
Man arrested after phone thefts on metro
A 24-year-old man has been arrested after a series of phone thefts on the metro. Police say several passengers reported that their phones had been stolen from their bags during the morning rush hour. Officers investigated the case using CCTV footage and identified a suspect. He was arrested on Monday and has been charged with theft. He denies the charges. A witness told reporters, “He always stood next to people who were looking at their phones.” The trial is expected to begin next month.
Detektiv hikoya: “The missing key”
Qisqa hikoya B1 darajada, yangi so‘zlarni kontekstda ko‘rish uchun.
On Sunday morning, Mrs Karimova found that her gold necklace was gone. There was no sign of a break-in: the door was locked and the windows were closed. Detective Aliev arrived at ten. He looked for clues in every room and found a small muddy footprint by the back door.
“Who else had a key?” he asked. There were three suspects: the cleaner, the nephew and the neighbour who watered the plants. The cleaner had been at another house all day — two witnesses confirmed it. The nephew said he had been at the football, but his ticket was for the wrong date.
The detective put two and two together. The footprint matched the nephew’s trainers. When the detective showed him the evidence, the young man admitted everything. He had stolen the necklace to pay off a gambling debt. Mrs Karimova did not want to press charges, but she changed all the locks the same day.
Dialog: politsiya bo‘limida (chet elda)
Officer: Good afternoon. How can I help?
Jasur: I’d like to report a theft. My wallet was stolen on the tram.
Officer: I’m sorry to hear that. When did it happen?
Jasur: About an hour ago, between the station and the old town.
Officer: Did you see who took it?
Jasur: No, but a woman said a man in a grey hoodie was standing very close to me.
Officer: Is she a witness? Did you get her name?
Jasur: Yes, here’s her number.
Officer: Good. What was in the wallet?
Jasur: Some cash, two bank cards and my student ID. I’ve already blocked the cards.
Officer: Well done. I’ll write a report, and you’ll get a crime reference number for your insurance.
Mashq
A. Steal yoki rob?
- 1. Someone ______ my bag at the market.
- 2. Three men ______ a jewellery shop last night.
- 3. I was ______ on my way home.
B. Predlogni qo‘ying.
- 4. He was arrested ______ fraud.
- 5. She was charged ______ shoplifting.
- 6. The driver was sentenced ______ two years.
- 7. They were convicted ______ burglary.
C. Odamni toping.
- 8. A person who saw the crime happen.
- 9. A person the police think committed a crime.
- 10. A person who steals from people’s pockets in crowds.
Javoblar
1 — stole; 2 — robbed; 3 — robbed; 4 — for; 5 — with; 6 — to; 7 — of; 8 — a witness; 9 — a suspect; 10 — a pickpocket.
Jinoyat haqidagi yangilikni Bandi bilan aytib bering
BandMate ilovasida yuqoridagi yangilik matnini o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan Bandiga gapirib bering yoki detektiv hikoyani davom ettiring: What happened next? Ilova majhul nisbat va predloglardagi xatolarni ko‘rsatadi. Jinoyat mavzusidagi IELTS insholari uchun IELTS Writing crime essays sahifasiga o‘ting, yangilik sarlavhalarini tez o‘qish qoidalari esa yangiliklar so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasida.
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