Ekologiya so‘zlari inglizcha: 42 so‘z va Orol dengizi tarixi

Atrof-muhit inglizcha the environment; ecology esa fan nomi, kundalik gapda kam ishlatiladi. Eng kerakli so‘zlar: pollution (ifloslanish), waste (chiqindi), recycling (qayta ishlash), drought (qurg‘oqchilik), climate change (iqlim o‘zgarishi) va renewable energy (qayta tiklanuvchi energiya). Our ecology is bad emas, We have serious environmental problems deysiz.

Quyida 42 ta so‘z uch guruhda: muammolar, sabablar va yechimlar. Har biri birikma va misol bilan. Keyin Orol dengizi fojiasini inglizcha qanday tushuntirish, IELTS uchun iboralar, dialog va mashq.

air pollution — havo ifloslanishi (tutun chiqarayotgan mo‘ri) — **air pollution**havo ifloslanishi (tutun chiqarayotgan mo‘ri)

drought — qurg‘oqchilik (yorilgan yerda qurigan g‘o‘za) — **drought**qurg‘oqchilik (yorilgan yerda qurigan g‘o‘za)

desertification — cho‘llanish (yarmi o‘t, yarmi qum) — **desertification**cho‘llanish (yarmi o‘t, yarmi qum)

a dust storm — chang bo‘roni (qishloq ustida chang buluti) — **a dust storm**chang bo‘roni (qishloq ustida chang buluti)

a heatwave — jazirama (do‘ppisi bilan yelpinayotgan terlagan odam) — **a heatwave**jazirama (do‘ppisi bilan yelpinayotgan terlagan odam)

dry up — qurib qolmoq (qurigan tubda qolgan zang kema) — **dry up**qurib qolmoq (qurigan tubda qolgan zang kema)

Muammolar: 16 so‘z

So‘z	Tarjima	Birikmalar	Misol
pollution	ifloslanish	air pollution, water pollution	Air pollution is worse in winter when people burn coal.
emissions	chiqindilar (gaz)	carbon emissions, cut emissions	Old cars produce more emissions.
smog	tutunli tuman	thick smog	On some winter days, the city is covered in smog.
waste	chiqindi	plastic waste, household waste	Most household waste ends up in landfill.
landfill	chiqindi poligoni	go to landfill	Plastic stays in landfill for hundreds of years.
litter	ko‘chaga tashlangan axlat	drop litter, pick up litter	There was litter everywhere after the concert.
drought	qurg‘oqchilik	a long drought, suffer from drought	A long drought hit the farmers hard.
water shortage	suv tanqisligi	face a water shortage	Many villages face water shortages in summer.
desertification	cho‘llanish	stop desertification	Planting saxaul helps stop desertification.
dust storm	chang bo‘roni	a severe dust storm	A dust storm closed the road for hours.
heatwave	jazirama	a summer heatwave	During the heatwave, stay indoors at midday.
climate change	iqlim o‘zgarishi	tackle climate change	Climate change makes droughts more likely.
global warming	global isish	cause global warming	Global warming is caused mainly by greenhouse gases.
deforestation	o‘rmonlarni kesish	lead to deforestation	Deforestation destroys animals’ homes.
endangered species	yo‘qolib ketish xavfidagi tur	protect endangered species	The tiger is an endangered species.
salinity	sho‘rlanish	soil salinity	High soil salinity makes farming difficult.

Sabablar: 12 fe’l

So‘z	Tarjima	Birikmalar	Misol
pollute	ifloslantirmoq	pollute rivers, pollute the air	Factories used to pollute the river.
release	chiqarmoq	release gases, release chemicals	Burning rubbish releases toxic gases.
waste	isrof qilmoq	waste water, waste energy	Leaving the tap running wastes water.
overuse	haddan ortiq ishlatmoq	overuse water, overuse fertiliser	Farmers overused fertiliser for decades.
cut down	kesmoq	cut down trees	They cut down the old plane trees to build a road.
divert	yo‘nalishini o‘zgartirmoq	divert a river, divert water	Water was diverted from the rivers to the fields.
irrigate	sug‘ormoq	irrigate fields	Cotton fields need to be irrigated.
shrink	qisqarmoq, kichraymoq	shrink dramatically	The lake shrank year after year.
dry up	qurib qolmoq	a river dries up	The small canal dries up every August.
damage	zarar yetkazmoq	damage the environment	Plastic bags damage the environment.
run out of	tugab qolmoq	run out of water	Some regions may run out of clean water.
threaten	xavf solmoq	threaten wildlife	Pollution threatens fish in the river.

Yechimlar: 14 so‘z

recycle plastic bottles — plastik butilkalarni qayta ishlashga topshirmoq — **recycle plastic bottles**plastik butilkalarni qayta ishlashga topshirmoq

save energy — energiyani tejamoq (chiroqni o‘chirmoqda) — **save energy**energiyani tejamoq (chiroqni o‘chirmoqda)

save water — suvni tejamoq (jo‘mrakni burayotgan qo‘l) — **save water**suvni tejamoq (jo‘mrakni burayotgan qo‘l)

renewable energy — qayta tiklanuvchi energiya (shamol turbinasi va quyosh paneli) — **renewable energy**qayta tiklanuvchi energiya (shamol turbinasi va quyosh paneli)

plant trees — daraxt ekmoq — **plant trees**daraxt ekmoq

irrigation — sug‘orish (g‘o‘za orasidagi ariq va shlyuz) — **irrigation**sug‘orish (g‘o‘za orasidagi ariq va shlyuz)

So‘z	Tarjima	Birikmalar	Misol
recycle	qayta ishlamoq	recycle paper, recycle bottles	We recycle bottles at the collection point near our block.
reduce	kamaytirmoq	reduce waste, reduce plastic use	Take a cloth bag to reduce plastic use.
reuse	qayta ishlatmoq	reuse containers	My grandmother reuses every glass jar.
save	tejamoq	save energy, save water	Switch off the lights to save energy.
renewable energy	qayta tiklanuvchi energiya	invest in renewable energy	Solar panels are a common form of renewable energy.
solar panel	quyosh paneli	install solar panels	They installed solar panels on the school roof.
public transport	jamoat transporti	use public transport	Using public transport cuts emissions.
drip irrigation	tomchilatib sug‘orish	switch to drip irrigation	Drip irrigation uses much less water.
plant trees	daraxt ekmoq	plant trees along roads	Every spring our mahalla plants trees.
ban	taqiqlamoq	ban plastic bags	Some countries have banned plastic bags.
protect	himoya qilmoq	protect nature	National parks protect wildlife.
raise awareness	xabardorlikni oshirmoq	raise awareness of	The campaign raised awareness of water saving.
eco-friendly	ekologik toza	eco-friendly products	Eco-friendly products are often more expensive.
sustainable	barqaror	sustainable farming	Sustainable farming protects the soil.

Orol dengizini inglizcha tushuntirish

Chet ellik “Orol dengizi haqida gapirib ber” desa, besh gap yetadi. Har bir gap yuqoridagi so‘zlardan birini ishlatadi va NASA Earth Observatory ma’lumotlariga tayanadi (manba pastda).

What it was: The Aral Sea, between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, was once the fourth largest lake in the world.
The cause: From the 1960s, water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers was diverted to irrigate cotton and other crops.
What happened: As a result, the sea shrank dramatically and split into separate parts.
The effects: The fishing industry collapsed, the water became salty, and dust from the dry seabed became a health hazard.
Today: The southern part is still very small, but a dam built by Kazakhstan helped fish return to the northern part.

Raqam kerak bo‘lsa (maydon, suv sathi), yodingizdan aytmang: rasmiy manbani oching yoki dramatically, by a huge amount kabi so‘zlar bilan chegaralaning. Orol haqida to‘liq B1 matn va boshqa namunalar ingliz tilida ekologiya matni sahifasida.

Yangilik uslubidagi namuna matn

O‘quv uchun to‘qilgan matn; voqea va raqamlar shartli.

Students swap plastic for cloth bags
Pupils at a school in Nukus have started a campaign to reduce plastic waste. Every Friday they collect bottles and take them to a recycling point. The school has also installed a small solar panel to power the lights in the library. “We live near the Aral Sea, so we know what environmental damage looks like,” said one pupil. The campaign aims to raise awareness among parents and neighbours. Next spring the pupils plan to plant trees along the road to protect the village from dust storms.

IELTS uchun: fikrni bog‘laydigan iboralar

Atrof-muhit IELTS tayyorgarlik materiallarida keng tarqalgan mavzu. So‘zni bilish yetmaydi, uni sabab–oqibat zanjiriga ulash kerak:

One of the main causes of … is … — One of the main causes of air pollution is old cars.
This leads to / results in … — Overusing water leads to water shortages.
A practical solution would be to … — A practical solution would be to switch to drip irrigation.
Governments should … , while individuals can … — Governments should invest in public transport, while individuals can recycle at home.

Speaking Part 3 savollari IELTS Speaking environment sahifasida, Writing Task 2 insholari esa IELTS environment essays sahifasida.

Dialog: “Why do we recycle?”

Lola: Why are you washing that yoghurt pot?

Farrukh: I’m taking it to the recycling point. Dirty plastic can’t be recycled.

Lola: Does it really make a difference?

Farrukh: One pot, no. But if everyone reduces waste, landfills grow more slowly.

Lola: I guess. My problem is water. My family leaves the tap running all the time.

Farrukh: In a country with droughts, that’s a big waste. Tell them about the Aral Sea.

Lola: They know! My grandfather worked as a fisherman in Muynak before the sea dried up.

Farrukh: Then he can explain it better than any textbook.

Mashq

A. Mos so‘zni tanlang.

1. Leaving the lights on ______ energy. (saves / wastes)
2. The river ______ up every summer. (dries / runs)
3. We should ______ plastic bags in shops. (ban / release)
4. Old factories ______ toxic gases. (release / recycle)
5. Water was ______ from the rivers to the fields. (diverted / reused)

B. Birikmani tugating.

6. tackle climate ______
7. raise ______ of the problem
8. renewable ______
9. endangered ______
10. drip ______

Javoblar

1 — wastes; 2 — dries; 3 — ban; 4 — release; 5 — diverted; 6 — change; 7 — awareness; 8 — energy; 9 — species; 10 — irrigation.

Orol haqida Bandi bilan gaplashing

BandMate ilovasida Bandiga Orol dengizi haqidagi besh gapni ayting, keyin u bergan savollarga javob bering: What can young people do about it? Ilova talaffuz va grammatika bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Jamiyatdagi hashar va ko‘ngillilik haqidagi so‘zlar jamiyat so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasida.

Manbalar

NASA Earth Observatory, “World of Change: Shrinking Aral Sea”: science.nasa.gov

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling