Lose va loose farqi: imlo, talaffuz, miss bilan farqi

Lose /luːz/ — fe’l: yo‘qotmoq yoki yutqazmoq (I lost my keys. We lost the match.). Loose /luːs/ — sifat: keng, bo‘sh, mahkam emas (These trousers are loose. A loose tooth.). Imloda bitta o qo‘shilishi bilan fe’l sifatga aylanadi, talaffuzda esa oxirgi tovush z dan s ga o‘zgaradi.

Yana bitta tuzoq: avtobusga ulgurmaslik, darsni qoldirish yoki kimnidir sog‘inish lose emas, miss. I lost the bus degan gap “avtobusni yo‘qotdim” bo‘lib eshitiladi.

Bir qarashda: lose, loose, lost, loss, miss

Qarama-qarshi so‘zlar farqni yanada aniq qiladi: lose ↔ find (topmoq) yoki win (yutmoq); loose ↔ tight (tor, mahkam).

Imlo va talaffuz: bitta “o”, bitta tovush

• lose — bitta o, oxiri z tovushi: /luːz/. choose bilan qofiyadosh.
• loose — ikkita o, oxiri s tovushi: /luːs/. goose, juice bilan qofiyadosh.
• losing — e tushib qoladi, o bittaligicha qoladi. loosing degan shakl deyarli ishlatilmaydi.
• lost, loss — ichidagi unli qisqa /ɒ/, lose dagi cho‘ziq /uː/ emas.

Eslab qolish uchun: loose kiyim keng, unda ortiqcha joy bor, shuning uchun so‘zda ham ortiqcha o bor. O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘pincha lose ni yozuvdagi s harfiga qarab /luːs/ deb aytadi. Natijada Don’t lose it “Don’t loose it” bo‘lib eshitiladi. Oxirgi z ni ovozli qilib, tomoqda tebranishni his qilib ayting. IELTS Listening’da ham bu ikki so‘z imlo xatosiga sabab bo‘ladi; shunday so‘zlar Listening imlo xatolari sahifasida jamlangan.

Lose: yo‘qotmoq, yutqazmoq va boshqa iboralar

• lose your keys / wallet / phone — kalit, hamyon, telefonni yo‘qotmoq
• lose a game / a match — o‘yinda yutqazmoq: Pakhtakor lost 2–1 on Sunday.
• lose weight — ozmoq; qarama-qarshisi put on weight
• lose your way / get lost — yo‘lni adashtirmoq, adashib qolmoq
• lose your temper — jahli chiqmoq
• lose touch with someone — kim bilandir aloqa uzilmoq
• lose track of time — vaqtni unutib qo‘ymoq
• lose hope — umidni yo‘qotmoq
• lose money — pul yo‘qotmoq, zarar ko‘rmoq

Adashib qoldim uchun eng tabiiy variant I’m lost yoki I got lost, I lost emas: We got lost in Chorsu bazaar. Lose ga albatta to‘ldiruvchi kerak: nimani yo‘qotdingiz? O‘yinda yutqazish va win/beat farqi alohida win va beat sahifasida tushuntirilgan.

Loose: keng kiyim, liqillagan tish, bo‘sh vint

• loose clothes / a loose shirt — keng kiyim, keng ko‘ylak
• a loose tooth — liqillab turgan tish
• a loose screw — bo‘shab qolgan vint
• come loose — bo‘shab qolmoq: The handle has come loose.
• loose tea — paketlanmagan (qadoqlanmagan) choy: Grandma only buys loose tea at the bazaar.
• on the loose — qochib yurgan, tutilmagan: A dog is on the loose in the mahalla.
• loosen your belt / tie — kamar, galstukni bo‘shatmoq

Lose yoki miss: qaysi biri “o‘tkazib yuborish”?

O‘zbekchada qoldirmoq, ulgurmaslik, sog‘inmoq har xil fe’l. Ruschada потерять va пропустить/опоздать/скучать ham ajratiladi. Ingliz tilida esa ularning deyarli hammasi miss:

Qisqa qoida: narsa ketib qolsa va endi yo‘q bo‘lsa — lose; narsa o‘z joyida, lekin siz yetib bormadingiz yoki uni his qilyapsiz — miss. Avtobus yo‘qolmadi, u jo‘nab ketdi; siz esa unga ulgurmadingiz.

Rasmlarda: yo‘qotish, ulgurmaslik va tor kiyim

Oxirgi rasmdagi futbolka tight — tor. Unga qarama-qarshi so‘z loose: I need a bigger size; I like my T-shirts loose.

So‘z almashsa, voqea boshqacha bo‘ladi

“I lost the bus”: 10 ta tipik xato

Bu xatolarning ko‘pi tarjimadan keladi: потерять yoki yo‘qotmoq ning hamma ma’nolarini lose bilan berish. Boshqa shunday tarjima xatolari o‘zbeklar qiladigan grammatik xatolar sahifasida yig‘ilgan.

Dialog: aeroportda

Kamola: Oh no. I think I’ve lost my boarding pass.

Rustam: Check your jacket. It’s so loose, things always fall out of the pockets.

Kamola: Not there. And my bag strap has come loose too. What a morning!

Rustam: Calm down. If we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the flight.

Kamola: Found it! It was in my passport the whole time.

Rustam: Great. Now let’s go. I really don’t want to lose another day like last year.

Kamola: Last year? What happened?

Rustam: I missed my connection in Istanbul and lost my suitcase. The airline found it three days later.

Mashq: lose, loose, lost, loss yoki miss? (15 ta gap)

Mos so‘zni kerakli shaklda qo‘ying.

1. Hurry up or we’ll ______ the train.
2. I think one of my teeth is ______.
3. He ______ his wallet at the market yesterday.
4. My dad is trying to ______ weight before the wedding.
5. I really ______ my friends from school.
6. Uzbekistan ______ the match, but they played well.
7. Excuse me, I’m ______. How do I get to Amir Temur Square?
8. This dress is too ______. Do you have a smaller size?
9. She ______ three lessons because she was ill.
10. Don’t ______ hope. You can pass next time.
11. The company made a ______ of two million dollars.
12. Can you ______ the lid? It’s too tight.
13. We are ______ time. Let’s start the meeting.
14. The goalkeeper jumped, but the ball ______ the goal.
15. Somebody left the gate open and the sheep got ______.

Javoblar

1. miss — transportga ulgurmaslik.
2. loose — tish liqillaydi, sifat.
3. lost — hamyon yo‘qoldi, lose ning V2 shakli.
4. lose — lose weight = ozmoq.
5. miss — sog‘inch.
6. lost — o‘yinda yutqazmoq.
7. lost — I’m lost = adashib qoldim; bu yerda sifat.
8. loose — keng kiyim; kichikroq o‘lcham so‘ralyapti.
9. missed — darsni qoldirmoq.
10. lose — lose hope.
11. loss — ot: zarar.
12. loosen — loose dan yasalgan fe’l: bo‘shatmoq.
13. losing — lose time, davomli shakl, bitta o.
14. missed — nishonga tegmadi.
15. loose — get loose = bo‘shalib chiqib ketmoq.

12 va 15-savollar eng qiyini: ularda loose so‘zidan yasalgan iboralar bor. 12 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri topgan bo‘lsangiz, qoidani o‘zlashtirgansiz.

Lose va miss ni gapirganda tekshirish

Yozuvda lose/loose xatosini imlo tekshiruvchi ushlamasligi mumkin, chunki ikkalasi ham haqiqiy so‘z. Gapirganda esa asosiy xavf lose/miss aralashuvi va z/s talaffuzi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sayohat, aeroport yoki yo‘qolgan buyum haqida vaziyatli suhbat qilasiz; ilova talaffuzingiz va so‘z tanlovingiz bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Bu mashq uchun yordam, rasmiy imtihon bahosi emas.

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