Muhandisga kerak bo‘lgan ingliz tili umumiy suhbatdan ko‘ra torroq va aniqroq: chizma va datasheet o‘qish (revision, tolerance, rated power), spetsifikatsiyadagi modal fe’llar (shall — majburiy, should — tavsiya) va xavfsizlik iboralari (isolate, lock out, permit to work). Bunga raqam va birliklarni to‘g‘ri aytishni qo‘shsangiz, xorijiy yetkazib beruvchi bilan uskunani ishga tushirishda adashmaysiz.
Misollar O‘zbekistondagi sanoat korxonasidan olingan: nasos stansiyasi yangilanmoqda, uskuna xorijdan keladi, ishga tushirish (commissioning) paytida yetkazib beruvchi muhandis bilan ingliz tilida ishlanadi. Kompaniya va ismlar o‘ylab topilgan. Xavfsizlik bo‘yicha aniq qoidalar — korxonangizning yo‘riqnomasida.
Chizmani o‘qish: 15 atama
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| drawing | chizma | Please send the latest drawing in PDF. |
| title block | chizmaning asosiy yozuvi (shtamp) | The drawing number is in the title block. |
| revision (Rev.) | tahrir | We are working to Rev. C, not Rev. B. |
| scale | masshtab | The scale is 1:50. |
| sheet | varaq | See sheet 3 of 5. |
| plan / elevation | reja / fasad ko‘rinishi | The elevation shows the pipe height. |
| section | kesim | Section A–A shows the wall thickness. |
| detail | detal ko‘rinishi (kattalashtirilgan) | See detail 4 for the flange. |
| dimension | o‘lcham | Some dimensions are missing on this sheet. |
| tolerance | ruxsat etilgan chetlanish (dopusk) | The tolerance is plus or minus 0.1 mm. |
| diameter (Ø) | diametr | The shaft diameter is 40 mm. |
| as-built drawing | ijro chizmasi | We need as-built drawings after installation. |
| layout | joylashuv sxemasi | The layout shows where each pump stands. |
| wiring diagram | elektr ulanish sxemasi | Check the wiring diagram before you connect the motor. |
| bill of materials (BOM) | materiallar ro‘yxati | Item 12 in the BOM is the wrong bolt size. |
Chizmadagi eslatmalarda ko‘p uchraydigan gap: All dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated — “boshqacha ko‘rsatilmagan bo‘lsa, barcha o‘lchamlar millimetrda”. Do not scale — “chizmadan chizg‘ich bilan o‘lchamang, yozilgan o‘lchamni oling”.
Spetsifikatsiya va datasheet: 15 atama
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| specification | texnik talablar | The specification requires stainless steel. |
| datasheet | texnik ma’lumotlar varag‘i | The motor datasheet shows 55 kW. |
| rated power | nominal quvvat | The rated power is 55 kW. |
| rated voltage | nominal kuchlanish | Rated voltage is 400 V. |
| operating pressure | ish bosimi | Operating pressure must not exceed 10 bar. |
| flow rate | sarf | The design flow rate is 300 m³/h. |
| efficiency | FIK (samaradorlik) | Efficiency drops at low flow. |
| operating range | ish diapazoni | The operating range is –20 to +50 °C. |
| material grade | material markasi | Use material grade 316L for wet parts. |
| enclosure / IP rating | korpus / himoya darajasi | The panel needs an IP rating suitable for outdoor use. |
| manufacturer | ishlab chiqaruvchi | Contact the manufacturer before you change the seal. |
| supplier / vendor | yetkazib beruvchi | The vendor will send an engineer. |
| requirement | talab | This requirement is not met. |
| compliance | muvofiqlik | Please confirm compliance with clause 5.2. |
| deviation | talabdan chetlanish | Any deviation needs written approval. |
Spetsifikatsiyadagi modal fe’llar — eng ko‘p xato qilinadigan joy:
| So‘z | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| shall | majburiy talab | The pump shall be tested before delivery. |
| shall not | taqiqlangan | Cables shall not be installed near hot pipes. |
| should | tavsiya, asosli sabab bo‘lsa boshqacha qilish mumkin | Spare seals should be kept on site. |
| may | ruxsat, ixtiyoriy | The contractor may use an equivalent product. |
| will | fakt yoki boshqa tomonning majburiyati | The client will provide power on site. |
O‘zbek tiliga shall ham, should ham ko‘pincha “kerak” deb tarjima qilinadi va farq yo‘qoladi. Shartnomada bu farq kimning javobgarligini belgilashi mumkin, shuning uchun noaniq bo‘lsa, loyiha menejeridan yozma so‘rang.
Raqam va birliklarni aytish
| Yozuv | Aytilishi |
|---|---|
| 0.8 mm | zero point eight millimetres (AmE: millimeters) |
| Ø40 ±0.05 | forty millimetres diameter, plus or minus zero point zero five |
| 55 kW | fifty-five kilowatts |
| 400 V, 50 Hz | four hundred volts, fifty hertz |
| 10 bar | ten bar (ko‘plik qo‘shimchasi odatda qo‘shilmaydi) |
| 300 m³/h | three hundred cubic metres per hour |
| –20 °C | minus twenty degrees Celsius |
| 1:50 | one to fifty |
| M16 | M sixteen (bolt o‘lchami) |
Ingliz tilida o‘nlik kasr nuqta bilan yoziladi: 0.8, 0,8 emas. Rus va o‘zbek hujjatlarida vergul ishlatiladi, shuning uchun jadvallarni ko‘chirganda ehtiyot bo‘ling. Kasr va foizlarni ovoz chiqarib o‘qishni kasr va foizlarni o‘qish sahifasida mashq qiling.
Xavfsizlik iboralari: uskuna bilan ishlaganda
Belgilar va shaxsiy himoya vositalari (PPE) qurilish ingliz tili sahifasida bor. Bu yerda — uskuna va elektr bilan ishlashdagi iboralar.
| Ibora | Ma’nosi |
|---|---|
| permit to work | ishga ruxsatnoma (naryad-dopusk) |
| isolate the equipment | uskunani energiya manbaidan ajratish |
| lockout / tagout (LOTO) | qulf va yorliq bilan o‘chirilgan holatda qoldirish |
| de-energise | kuchlanishdan chiqarish |
| prove dead | kuchlanish yo‘qligini asbob bilan tekshirish |
| depressurise | bosimni tushirish |
| hot work | olovli ish (payvandlash, kesish) |
| confined space | yopiq, tor joy (rezervuar, quduq) |
| near miss | baxtsiz hodisaga oz qolgan holat |
| stop work authority | xavfni ko‘rsa ishni to‘xtatish huquqi |
Maydonda aytiladigan qisqa gaplar:
- Has this pump been isolated and locked out?
- Don’t start until we have the permit.
- Who holds the key for this lock?
- Stop! The line is still under pressure.
- I’m not comfortable with this. Let’s stop and check.
Dialog: ishga tushirishda titrash muammosi
Video qo‘ng‘iroq. A — korxona muhandisi Sardor, B — nasos ishlab chiqaruvchisining servis muhandisi Laura.
A: Hi Laura, can you hear me? We started pump P-102 this morning, and we have high vibration on the motor side.
B: I hear you. What values are you seeing?
A: About 7 millimetres per second at the drive-end bearing. The pump side is lower.
B: That’s above our limit for this model. Did you check the alignment after installation?
A: Our mechanic checked it last week, but the base was re-grouted on Monday.
B: Then please check the alignment again. The base may have moved. Also, is the pump running at the design flow?
A: No, we are at about 60 percent of the design flow because the tank isn’t full yet.
B: OK, low flow can also cause vibration. Please stop the pump, isolate it, and check the alignment first. Can you send me the readings and a photo of the coupling?
A: Sure. I’ll send them by 4 pm Tashkent time.
B: Great. If the alignment is fine, we’ll look at the flow next. Let’s talk tomorrow at ten.
Onlayn yig‘ilishda ovoz tushib qolsa, so‘z berish va xulosa qilish iboralari online meeting iboralari sahifasida.
Namuna: test hisoboti
Commissioning Test Report — Pump P-102
Date: 7 October 2026. Location: Pump station 2. Prepared by: S. Toshmatov. Witnessed by: L. Weber (vendor).
Purpose: to confirm that the pump meets the datasheet requirements before handover.
Test conditions: flow 180 m³/h (60% of design flow); suction pressure 1.2 bar; ambient temperature 18 °C.
Results: discharge pressure 6.1 bar — within specification. Motor current 78 A — within specification. Vibration at the motor drive-end bearing 7.1 mm/s — above the vendor limit.
Findings: motor-to-pump misalignment of 0.3 mm found after the base was re-grouted.
Actions taken: pump isolated and locked out; alignment corrected to 0.04 mm.
Next steps: repeat the vibration test at design flow when the tank level allows (planned 9 October). Handover postponed until the result is within the limit.
Status: open.
Tuzilma: maqsad → sharoit → natija (talab bilan solishtirib) → topilgan sabab → qilingan ish → keyingi qadam va holat. Har bir natija yonida within specification yoki above the limit: o‘quvchi raqamni o‘zi talab bilan solishtirib o‘tirmasin. Haftalik va oylik ish hisobotining umumiy tuzilmasi ish hisoboti yozish sahifasida.
Rus tilidan kelgan texnik kalkalar
| Kalka | To‘g‘ri variant | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| exploitation of the pump | operation of the pump | exploitation inglizchada ko‘pincha “birovdan nohaq foydalanish” degan salbiy ma’noda |
| armature | valves and fittings | Rus tilidagi “armatura” quvur jihozlari; armature inglizchada motor qismi |
| the project of the station | the design of the station | project = loyiha ishi, hujjat emas |
| technic | equipment, machinery | technique esa usul |
| defect act | defect report / non-conformance report | |
| norms | standards, codes, requirements | |
| instruction for the motor | the motor manual | instructions ham to‘g‘ri, lekin kitob — manual |
| The pump is not working correct. | The pump is not working correctly. | Fe’ldan keyin ravish |
Mashq: to‘g‘ri so‘zni tanlang
- 1. The pump (shall / may) be tested before delivery: this is mandatory.
- 2. Please send the latest (revision / version control) of the drawing.
- 3. Before maintenance, (isolate / insulate) the motor from the power supply.
- 4. The value is (within / inside of) specification.
- 5. A (near miss / near lose) must be reported the same day.
- 6. Read aloud: 0.5 mm → (zero point five / zero comma five) millimetres.
- 7. We need the (as-built / as-build) drawings after installation.
- 8. The contractor (may / shall) use an equivalent product if it is approved.
- 9. Check the (operation / exploitation) manual before start-up.
- 10. The vibration is above the (limit / border).
Javoblar
1 — shall; 2 — revision; 3 — isolate; 4 — within; 5 — near miss; 6 — zero point five; 7 — as-built; 8 — may; 9 — operation; 10 — limit.
3-savolda tuzoq bor: isolate — energiya manbaidan ajratish, insulate — izolyatsiya bilan qoplash (issiqlik yoki elektr izolyatsiyasi).
Yetkazib beruvchi bilan qo‘ng‘iroqqa tayyorgarlik
Yozma hisobotni tuzatish mumkin, qo‘ng‘iroqda esa raqamni birinchi urinishda to‘g‘ri aytish kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan texnik muammoni tushuntirishni mashq qiling: qiymatni ayting, talab bilan solishtiring, keyingi qadamni taklif qiling. Ilova millimetres, hertz, specification kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Agar ishingiz dasturiy ta’minotga yaqin bo‘lsa, IT uchun ingliz tili sahifasi ham foydali.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
