Qurilish maydonida ingliz tili uch joyda kerak bo‘ladi: chizma va hujjatlarni o‘qish (drawing, specification, bill of quantities), ertalabki yig‘ilish va xavfsizlik bo‘yicha brifing va kunlik hisobot. Eng tez natija beradigan boshlanish esa xavfsizlik belgilaridir: shakli va rangini bilsangiz, matnni o‘qimasdan ham ma’nosini tushunasiz.
Misollar Toshkentdagi ko‘p qavatli turar joy loyihasidan: bosh pudratchi xorijiy kompaniya, ish tili ingliz tili, maydonda esa o‘zbek va rus tilida ham gaplashiladi. Kompaniya va ismlar o‘ylab topilgan.
Xavfsizlik belgilari: shakl va rang nimani bildiradi
Xalqaro standart ISO 7010 ro‘yxatga olingan xavfsizlik belgilarini belgilaydi, ularning shakli va rangi esa ISO 3864-1 ga asoslanadi. Loyihangizdagi aniq belgilar va qoidalarni xavfsizlik bo‘yicha mas’ul xodimdan so‘rang.
| Shakl va rang | Ma’nosi | Belgidagi matn misoli |
|---|---|---|
| Qizil aylana, diagonal chiziq | taqiq | No smoking. / No unauthorised persons. |
| Ko‘k aylana | majburiy harakat | Hard hats must be worn. / Wear safety boots. |
| Sariq uchburchak, qora hoshiya | ogohlantirish | Danger: overhead loads. / Caution: slippery surface. |
| Yashil to‘rtburchak | xavfsiz holat, evakuatsiya | Emergency exit. / First aid. |
| Qizil to‘rtburchak | yong‘inga qarshi jihoz | Fire extinguisher. / Fire alarm. |
Must be worn, no … allowed, keep clear kabi qisqa shakllarni yodlang: Keep clear of the crane — kranning yonida turmang.
Shaxsiy himoya vositalari (PPE)
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| hard hat | himoya kaskasi | Hard hats must be worn at all times. |
| hi-vis vest | yorqin signal nimcha | Everyone on site needs a hi-vis vest. |
| safety glasses | himoya ko‘zoynagi | Wear safety glasses when you cut metal. |
| gloves | qo‘lqop | Use gloves when you carry rebar. |
| safety boots | himoya poyabzali | Safety boots protect your toes. |
| harness | xavfsizlik kamari | When you work at height, clip your harness on. |
Maydon va odamlar: 15 atama
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| construction site | qurilish maydoni | Visitors must report to the site office. |
| site manager | qurilish boshlig‘i | The site manager checks progress every morning. |
| foreman | prorab, brigadir | The foreman gives the crew their tasks. |
| general contractor | bosh pudratchi | The general contractor is responsible for safety. |
| subcontractor | subpudratchi | The electrical work is done by a subcontractor. |
| client / developer | buyurtmachi / quruvchi kompaniya | The client wants to visit the site on Friday. |
| architect | me’mor | The architect changed the window design. |
| structural engineer | konstruktor muhandis | The structural engineer approved the new beam. |
| surveyor | geodezist | The surveyor marked the corners of the building. |
| bricklayer | g‘isht teruvchi | Two bricklayers are working on the fifth floor. |
| welder | payvandchi | The welder needs a fire extinguisher nearby. |
| electrician | elektrik | The electrician is installing cables in the basement. |
| crane operator | kranchi | The crane operator stopped work because of the wind. |
| labourer | yordamchi ishchi | We need four more labourers next week. |
| inspector | inspektor, nazoratchi | The inspector will check the rebar before the pour. |
Material va konstruksiya: 15 atama
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| foundation | poydevor | The foundation is two metres deep. |
| concrete | beton | The concrete arrives in mixer trucks. |
| pour concrete | beton quymoq | We’ll pour the slab on Tuesday. |
| rebar / reinforcement | armatura | The rebar must be tied before the inspection. |
| formwork | qolip (opalubka) | We can remove the formwork when the engineer approves it. |
| slab | plita, orayopma | The third-floor slab is finished. |
| beam | to‘sin | The steel beam is 12 metres long. |
| column | ustun | The columns on the ground floor are wider. |
| load-bearing wall | yuk ko‘taruvchi devor | You can’t make a hole in a load-bearing wall. |
| brick / block | g‘isht / blok | Internal walls are made of blocks. |
| scaffolding | havoza (lesa) | The scaffolding must be checked every week. |
| crane | kran | The tower crane can lift eight tonnes. |
| excavator | ekskavator | The excavator is digging the pit for the basement. |
| waterproofing | gidroizolyatsiya | Waterproofing protects the basement walls. |
| crack | yoriq | There’s a small crack in the wall near the stairs. |
Loyiha va hujjatlar: 15 atama
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| drawing | chizma | Check the latest revision of the drawing. |
| specification | texnik talablar | The specification says C30 concrete. |
| bill of quantities (BOQ) | hajmlar qaydnomasi (smeta asosi) | The BOQ lists 900 cubic metres of concrete. |
| tender | tender | Three companies took part in the tender. |
| building permit | qurilish ruxsatnomasi | Work can’t start without a building permit. |
| schedule | ish jadvali | We’re two weeks behind schedule. |
| milestone | muhim bosqich | The next milestone is the roof. |
| RFI (request for information) | ma’lumot so‘rovi | I’ll send an RFI to the architect about the stairs. |
| variation / change order | loyiha o‘zgarishi buyrug‘i | Extra windows need a variation order. |
| site diary / daily report | kunlik jurnal / hisobot | Write the weather in the daily report. |
| toolbox talk | qisqa xavfsizlik brifingi | Today’s toolbox talk is about working at height. |
| near miss | baxtsiz hodisaga oz qolgan holat | Please report every near miss. |
| snag list / punch list | kamchiliklar ro‘yxati | The snag list has 40 items. |
| as-built drawings | ijro chizmalari | We need as-built drawings for the handover. |
| handover | obyektni topshirish | Handover to the client is planned for June. |
Chizma va texnik hujjatlarni o‘qish bo‘yicha chuqurroq material muhandislar uchun ingliz tili sahifasida.
Dialog: ertalabki yig‘ilish
Sardor maydon muhandisi, Emre bosh pudratchining loyiha menejeri. Soat 7:45, yig‘ilish kontorada.
A: Good morning, Emre. Quick update before the toolbox talk?
B: Yes, go ahead.
A: The rebar for the fourth-floor slab is ready. The inspector is coming at ten.
B: Good. Can we pour tomorrow?
A: I’m not sure. The forecast says heavy rain tomorrow afternoon. I’d suggest pouring on Thursday morning instead.
B: That puts us one more day behind schedule.
A: I know, but pouring in heavy rain could damage the surface. We can make up the time with a second crew on the blockwork.
B: OK, agreed. Thursday at seven. Please confirm the concrete order with the supplier.
A: Will do. Also, there was a near miss yesterday. A piece of formwork fell from the third floor. Nobody was hurt.
B: Did you report it?
A: Yes, it’s in the site diary. I’ll talk about it in today’s toolbox talk and we’ll put up barriers under that area.
B: Good. Safety comes first. Anything else?
A: Just one RFI. The stair drawing and the specification don’t match. I’ll send it to the architect today.
Yig‘ilish iboralari (so‘z olish, rozi bo‘lmaslik, yakunlash) yig‘ilishda inglizcha iboralar sahifasida jamlangan.
Namuna: kunlik hisobot
Daily Site Report — Block B, 12 November
Weather: cloudy, 9°C, light wind in the afternoon.
Workforce: 46 workers on site (including 8 subcontractor electricians).
Work completed: rebar for the 4th-floor slab finished and inspected (approved at 10:30). Blockwork on the 2nd floor, grid lines A–D, completed.
Deliveries: 12 tonnes of rebar, 4,000 blocks.
Issues: concrete pour moved from 13 to 14 November because of the rain forecast. RFI-017 sent to the architect about the stair dimensions.
Safety: one near miss (falling formwork, 3rd floor, no injuries). Area closed with barriers; toolbox talk held on working at height.
Plan for tomorrow: formwork for the 5th-floor columns; waterproofing in the basement.
Hisobot to‘liq gaplardan emas, qisqa qismlardan iborat: bo‘lim nomi, fakt, raqam. Ofis uchun haftalik hisobot tuzilmasi ish hisoboti yozish sahifasida.
Rus tilidan kelgan qurilish so‘zlari: tuzoqlar
| Maydonda aytiladi | Noto‘g‘ri tarjima | To‘g‘risi |
|---|---|---|
| armatura | armature | rebar / reinforcement |
| opalubka | — | formwork |
| kran | tap | crane (tap = suv jo‘mragi) |
| prorab | — | foreman / site supervisor |
| smeta | estimate list | cost estimate / BOQ |
| chertyoj | picture | drawing |
| sdacha obyekta | delivery of object | handover |
| Bino qurilyapti. | The building is building. | The building is being built. |
Mashq: qurilish gaplarini to‘ldiring
So‘zlar: hard hats, formwork, pour, behind schedule, near miss, RFI, handover, scaffolding, foreman, rebar.
- 1. ______ must be worn at all times on site.
- 2. The ______ must be checked by the inspector before the pour.
- 3. We’ll ______ the concrete on Thursday morning.
- 4. Don’t remove the ______ until the concrete is strong enough.
- 5. Because of the rain, we’re three days ______.
- 6. A brick fell from the roof, but nobody was hurt. It was a ______.
- 7. The drawing is not clear, so I’ll send an ______ to the architect.
- 8. The ______ told the crew to start on the second floor.
- 9. Nobody may climb the ______ without a harness.
- 10. ______ to the client is planned for next spring.
Javoblar
1 — Hard hats; 2 — rebar; 3 — pour; 4 — formwork; 5 — behind schedule; 6 — near miss; 7 — RFI; 8 — foreman; 9 — scaffolding; 10 — Handover.
Maydonda gapirishga tayyorgarlik va BandMate
Materiallar yetkazib berilishi bo‘yicha ekspeditor bilan gaplashish uchun logistika ingliz tili sahifasidagi so‘zlar kerak bo‘ladi.
Ertalabki yig‘ilishda qisqa va aniq gapirish mashq talab qiladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi loyiha menejeri rolini o‘ynashi mumkin: siz kunlik holatni aytasiz, kechikish sababini tushuntirasiz, yechim taklif qilasiz. Ilova talaffuz va ravonlik bo‘yicha fikr beradi. Yuqoridagi dialogni ikki marta ovoz chiqarib o‘qing, keyin o‘z loyihangiz raqamlari bilan qayta ayting.
