Qisqa qoida: excuse me — boshqa odamni bezovta qilishingizdan oldin, sorry — noqulaylik bo‘lib bo‘lgandan keyin. Pardon? — gapni eshitmay qolganda qayta so‘rash. Apologise — sorry ning rasmiy, yozma varianti: xat, e’lon, rasmiy nutq.
Bu sahifa bitta savolga javob beradi: aniq vaziyatda qaysi so‘z? Buning uchun 20 ta vaziyat jadvali, ohang farqi va mashq bor. Uzr so‘rashning to‘liq iboralari, uzrga javob va emailda uzr so‘rash kechirasiz inglizcha sahifasida alohida yoritilgan.
Uch savollik test
O‘zbekcha “kechirasiz” bitta, inglizchada esa tanlash kerak. Gapirishdan oldin o‘zingizga uch savol bering:
- 1. Men hali hech narsa qilmadimmi, faqat e’tibor yoki yo‘l so‘rayapmanmi? → Excuse me.
- 2. Noqulaylik allaqachon bo‘ldimi (turtdim, kechikdim, xato qildim)? → Sorry.
- 3. Gapni eshitmadim yoki tushunmadimmi? → Sorry? / Pardon? (so‘roq ohangida)
Rasmiy yozma matnda 2-holat uchun I apologise yoki We apologise.
20 vaziyat: qaysi so‘z?
| № | Vaziyat | So‘z | Namuna |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Metroda eshik oldida turgan odamdan o‘tish kerak | Excuse me | Excuse me, this is my stop. |
| 2 | O‘tayotib birovning yelkasiga tegib ketdingiz | Sorry | Oh, sorry! |
| 3 | Ko‘chada notanishdan yo‘l so‘rash | Excuse me | Excuse me, is the bus station far? |
| 4 | Ofitsiantni chaqirish | Excuse me | Excuse me, could we have the bill? |
| 5 | Ofitsiant noto‘g‘ri taom olib keldi (u aytadi) | Sorry | I’m so sorry, I’ll change it right away. |
| 6 | Telefonda gapni eshitmadingiz | Sorry? | Sorry? The line is terrible. |
| 7 | Darsda o‘qituvchiga savol berish | Excuse me | Excuse me, could you explain that again? |
| 8 | Darsga 10 daqiqa kechikdingiz | Sorry | Sorry I’m late. |
| 9 | Majlisda gapni bo‘lish | Sorry yoki Excuse me | Sorry to interrupt, but we have five minutes left. |
| 10 | Dasturxondan qisqa vaqtga turib ketish | Excuse me | Excuse me for a moment. |
| 11 | Aksirdingiz yoki yo‘taldingiz | Excuse me | Excuse me. (yonidagi Bless you! deydi) |
| 12 | Birovning oyog‘iga bosib oldingiz | Sorry | Sorry! Are you OK? |
| 13 | Navbatga kimdir suqilib kirdi | Excuse me (qat’iy ohangda) | Excuse me, there’s a queue. |
| 14 | Do‘stingiz itining o‘lganini aytdi | Sorry (hamdardlik) | I’m so sorry to hear that. |
| 15 | Kompaniya poyezd kechikkani haqida e’lon qiladi | apologise | We apologise for the delay. |
| 16 | Rahbarga xatoingiz uchun email | apologise | I apologise for the error in the report. |
| 17 | Qo‘pol gap eshitdingiz va hayron qoldingiz | Excuse me?! / I beg your pardon? | Excuse me? What did you just say? |
| 18 | Do‘konda sotuvchi band, siz so‘ramoqchisiz | Excuse me | Excuse me, do you have this in blue? |
| 19 | Xonaga kirib, uchrashuv borligini ko‘rdingiz | Sorry | Oh, sorry, I’ll come back later. |
| 20 | Rasmiy tadbirda ma’ruzachi gapini qayta aytishini so‘rash | Pardon? / I beg your pardon? | I beg your pardon, could you repeat the last figure? |
Ikki muhim nuqta. 9-holatda ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri: Excuse me e’tibor so‘raydi, Sorry to interrupt esa bezovta qilayotganingiz uchun oldindan uzr aytadi. 14-holatda sorry uzr emas, hamdardlik: siz aybdor emassiz, “afsusdaman” deyapsiz.
Ohang: bir so‘z, uch ma’no
Yozuvda farq ko‘rinmaydi, lekin og‘zaki nutqda ohang hammasini hal qiladi:
| Aytilishi | Ma’nosi | Qachon |
|---|---|---|
| Sorry. (pastga tushuvchi ohang) | Uzr. | Aybdor bo‘lganda. |
| Sorry? (ko‘tariluvchi ohang) | Nima dedingiz? | Eshitmaganda. |
| Excuse me. (yumshoq, pastga) | Kechirasiz, o‘tib olay / bir savol. | Oddiy murojaat. |
| Excuse me?! (keskin, yuqoriga) | Nima deding?! | G‘azab yoki hayratda. |
| I beg your pardon. (pastga) | Uzr so‘rayman. | Rasmiy, eskiroq uslubda uzr. |
| I beg your pardon? (yuqoriga) | Qanday? / Nima dedingiz? | Eshitmaganda yoki norozilikda. |
Shuning uchun eshitmay qolganda Excuse me? ni ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlating: ohang keskinroq chiqsa, suhbatdosh uni norozilik deb qabul qilishi mumkin. Neytral Sorry? xavfsizroq. So‘roq gaplarda ohang qanday ko‘tarilishi so‘roq gap intonatsiyasi sahifasida.
Pardon, apologise va excuse haqida qo‘shimcha
Pardon. Britaniyada Pardon? eshitmaganda aytiladigan muloyim so‘z. Ba’zi ingliz oilalarida bolalarga What? emas, Pardon? deyishni o‘rgatishadi. Amerikada Pardon me ko‘pincha Excuse me o‘rnida ham ishlatiladi: Pardon me, is this seat taken?
Apologise. Fe’l grammatikasi: apologise to + kishi, for + sabab. I apologised to the teacher for being late. Britancha yozuv apologise, amerikacha apologize; ot shakli apology: Please accept my apology. Og‘zaki gapda I apologise juda rasmiy tuyuladi; do‘stga I’m really sorry tabiiyroq.
Excuse: ot va fe’l. Excuse me dagi fe’l oxiri “z” bilan: “ikskyuz”. Ot shakli (“bahona”) esa “s” bilan: That’s not a good excuse — “ikskyus”. Kechikkaningizda bahona o‘rniga uzr ayting: Sorry I’m late, the metro stopped.
15 misol, tarjimasi bilan
- 1. Excuse me, does this bus go to Chorsu? — Kechirasiz, bu avtobus Chorsuga boradimi?
- 2. Sorry, I didn’t see you there. — Uzr, sizni ko‘rmay qolibman.
- 3. Excuse me, could I get past? — Kechirasiz, o‘tib olsam bo‘ladimi?
- 4. Sorry, wrong number. — Uzr, adashib qo‘ng‘iroq qildim.
- 5. Sorry? Could you speak a bit louder? — Nima dedingiz? Sal balandroq gapira olasizmi?
- 6. Excuse me, is anyone sitting here? — Kechirasiz, bu yerda kimdir o‘tiribdimi?
- 7. I’m sorry, but I don’t agree. — Uzr, lekin men qo‘shilmayman.
- 8. Pardon? I didn’t catch your name. — Labbay? Ismingizni eshitmay qoldim.
- 9. Excuse me, I think you dropped this. — Kechirasiz, buni tushirib yubordingiz shekilli.
- 10. Sorry for the mess. We’re moving next week. — Tartibsizlik uchun uzr. Keyingi hafta ko‘chyapmiz.
- 11. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. — Yetkazilgan noqulaylik uchun uzr so‘raymiz.
- 12. Excuse me, I need to take this call. — Uzr, bu qo‘ng‘iroqqa javob berishim kerak.
- 13. Sorry to bother you, but where is the library? — Bezovta qilganim uchun uzr, kutubxona qayerda?
- 14. I’m sorry for your loss. — Boshingiz omon bo‘lsin. (Ta’ziya)
- 15. I apologise for not replying sooner. — Tezroq javob bermaganim uchun uzr so‘rayman.
7-misolda I’m sorry, but rozi bo‘lmaslikni yumshatadi: bu yerda uzr ham, ayb ham yo‘q, faqat muloyimlik. 14-misol ta’ziya iborasi; unga javob odatda Thank you. Kechirim so‘rash va kechirish haqida kengroq kechirdim inglizcha sahifasida.
“Sorry, where is the metro?”: o‘zbek o‘quvchilarida ko‘p uchraydigan aralashma
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| Sorry, where is the metro? | Excuse me, where is the metro? | Hali hech narsa bo‘lmagan, siz faqat murojaat qilyapsiz. |
| Excuse me, I’m late. | Sorry I’m late. | Kechikish allaqachon sodir bo‘lgan. |
| What? (eshitmaganda, notanishga) | Sorry? / Pardon? | What? qo‘pol eshitilishi mumkin. |
| I apologise you. | I apologise to you. / I’m sorry. | apologise to + kishi. |
| Sorry, sorry, sorry! | I’m so sorry. | Bir marta, samimiy aytish yetarli. |
| Excuse me for my English. | Sorry, my English isn’t perfect. | Yoki umuman uzr so‘ramang: siz tushunarli gapiryapsiz. |
Oxirgi qatorga alohida e’tibor bering. Ko‘p o‘quvchilar har gapini ingliz tili uchun uzr bilan boshlaydi. Bunga hojat yo‘q: suhbatdosh sizni tushunsa, uzr so‘rashning keragi yo‘q. Bu mavzu xato qilishdan qo‘rqmaslik sahifasida batafsil.
Mashq: excuse me, sorry, pardon yoki apologise
A. Bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring.
- 1. ______, can you tell me where Room 12 is?
- 2. Oh, ______! I spilled your tea.
- 3. ______? I didn’t hear the question.
- 4. The airline ______ for the delay.
- 5. ______ me, I need to get off at the next station.
- 6. ______ to interrupt, but your taxi is here.
- 7. (Aksirdingiz.) ______ me.
- 8. I’m ______ to hear about your grandmother.
B. To‘g‘ri variantni tanlang.
- 9. Kimdir sizga qo‘pol gap aytdi, siz hayratdasiz: a) Excuse me?! b) Pardon me, please. c) Sorry for you.
- 10. Rahbarga email: a) Sorry, sorry for the mistake!! b) I apologise for the mistake in the invoice. c) Excuse me for the mistake.
- 11. Excuse “bahona” ma’nosida qanday o‘qiladi? a) oxiri “z” b) oxiri “s”
- 12. Xatoni tuzating: I apologised my teacher.
Javoblar
1 — Excuse me; 2 — sorry; 3 — Sorry / Pardon; 4 — apologised (yoki apologises); 5 — Excuse; 6 — Sorry; 7 — Excuse; 8 — sorry; 9 — a; 10 — b; 11 — b; 12 — I apologised to my teacher.
Ohangni Bandi bilan sinab ko‘ring
Bu mavzuda xato ko‘pincha so‘zda emas, ohangda bo‘ladi: Sorry. va Sorry? ni qog‘ozda emas, ovozda farqlash kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan metro, kafe va dars vaziyatlarida rolli suhbat qiling: siz excuse me bilan murojaat qilasiz, keyin kichik noqulaylik uchun sorry deysiz, ilova talaffuz va ohang bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Bugungi kichik vazifa: 20 vaziyat jadvalidagi 17- va 6-qatorlarni ovoz chiqarib, ohang farqi bilan ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
