Idioma — so‘zlarini alohida tarjima qilsangiz ma’nosi chiqmaydigan qotib qolgan ibora: a piece of cake “bir bo‘lak tort” emas, “juda oson” degani; under the weather “ob-havo ostida” emas, “biroz betobman” degani. Quyida 50 ta kundalik idioma besh guruhda berilgan: har birida o‘zbekcha ma’no, O‘zbekiston hayotidan misol va, bor bo‘lsa, ma’nosi yaqin o‘zbekcha maqol yoki ibora. Eskirgan yoki klishega aylanganlari alohida belgilangan.
Avval tushunishni o‘rganing, keyin ishlating: noto‘g‘ri joyda aytilgan idioma idiomasiz gapdan ko‘ra g‘alatiroq eshitiladi.
Oson, qiyin va ish haqida (1–10)
| # | Idioma | Ma’nosi | Misol | O‘zbekcha muqobil / izoh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a piece of cake | juda oson | The grammar test was a piece of cake. | hamirdan qil sug‘urgandek |
| 2 | a walk in the park | oson ish | Driving in Tashkent traffic is no walk in the park. | ko‘pincha inkor bilan |
| 3 | easier said than done | aytish oson, qilish qiyin | Waking up at five? Easier said than done. | aytishga oson |
| 4 | no pain, no gain | mehnatsiz natija yo‘q | Two hours of IELTS practice a day — no pain, no gain. | Mehnatning tagi — rohat |
| 5 | go the extra mile | talab qilinganidan ortiq harakat qilmoq | Our teacher went the extra mile and stayed after class. | — |
| 6 | cut to the chase | gapning asosiyga o‘tmoq | Let’s cut to the chase: can you pay by Friday? | gapning indallosini aytmoq |
| 7 | on the ball | ziyrak, hamma narsadan xabardor | The new receptionist is really on the ball. | norasmiy |
| 8 | the ball is in your court | endi qaror sizda | I’ve made my offer; the ball is in your court. | — |
| 9 | back to the drawing board | boshidan rejalash kerak | The app failed the test, so it’s back to the drawing board. | — |
| 10 | by the book | qoidaga qat’iy amal qilib | Our accountant does everything by the book. | neytral |
Kayfiyat va holat (11–20)
| # | Idioma | Ma’nosi | Misol | O‘zbekcha muqobil / izoh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | under the weather | biroz betob | Grandma is a bit under the weather, so we stayed home. | muloyim, neytral |
| 12 | over the moon | juda xursand | Dad was over the moon when I passed my driving test. | boshi osmonga yetdi |
| 13 | down in the dumps | ma’yus, kayfiyatsiz | He’s been down in the dumps since his team lost. | norasmiy |
| 14 | at your wits’ end | nima qilishni bilmay qolgan | The baby won’t sleep, and I’m at my wits’ end. | — |
| 15 | a bundle of nerves | juda hayajonda | Before her first concert, Lola was a bundle of nerves. | — |
| 16 | on top of the world | o‘zini baxtiyor his qilmoq | After the wedding they felt on top of the world. | — |
| 17 | as right as rain | butunlay sog‘ayib ketgan | Rest for two days and you’ll be as right as rain. | eskirgan, Britaniya |
| 18 | sleep on it | qarorni ertaga qoldirmoq | Don’t sign today. Sleep on it. | — |
| 19 | hit the sack | uxlashga yotmoq | I’m exhausted. I’m going to hit the sack. | norasmiy |
| 20 | in hot water | muammoga qolgan | He’s in hot water for missing the deadline. | baloga qolmoq |
Vaqt va kutilmagan voqealar (21–30)
| # | Idioma | Ma’nosi | Misol | O‘zbekcha muqobil / izoh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | out of the blue | kutilmaganda | My old classmate called me out of the blue. | osmondan tushgandek |
| 22 | in the nick of time | eng so‘nggi daqiqada | We reached the station in the nick of time. | — |
| 23 | saved by the bell | oxirgi lahzada qutulib qolmoq | The teacher was about to ask me, but — saved by the bell. | — |
| 24 | at the drop of a hat | darhol, o‘ylab o‘tirmay | My aunt will cook plov at the drop of a hat. | — |
| 25 | better late than never | kech bo‘lsa ham yaxshi | You started English at forty? Better late than never. | — |
| 26 | call it a night | kechki ishni tugatmoq | It’s midnight. Let’s call it a night. | norasmiy |
| 27 | around the clock | kechayu kunduz | The pharmacy near our house is open around the clock. | — |
| 28 | from scratch | noldan | She built her bakery from scratch. | — |
| 29 | at the eleventh hour | eng oxirgi paytda | They changed the exam room at the eleventh hour. | — |
| 30 | time flies | vaqt tez o‘tadi | Time flies! My son starts school next week. | — |
Maqolga o‘xshash idiomalar (31–40)
O‘zbekcha maqollar so‘zma-so‘z emas, ma’no bo‘yicha mos.
| # | Idioma | Ma’nosi | Misol | O‘zbekcha muqobil / izoh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | every cloud has a silver lining | har yomonlikda yaxshi tomon bor | I lost the job, but every cloud has a silver lining. | Har ishda bir hikmat bor; klishe |
| 32 | don’t cry over spilt milk | o‘tgan ishga achinma | The test is over. Don’t cry over spilt milk. | O‘tgan ishga salovat |
| 33 | when in Rome, do as the Romans do | borgan joyingizning odatiga amal qiling | In Japan we took off our shoes. When in Rome… | Qaysi elga borsang, o‘sha elning qalpog‘ini kiy |
| 34 | a picture is worth a thousand words | bir rasm ko‘p gapdan yaxshi | Just send a photo of the damage. A picture is worth a thousand words. | Yuz marta eshitgandan bir marta ko‘rgan yaxshi |
| 35 | there’s no place like home | uyday joy yo‘q | Paris was great, but there’s no place like home. | O‘z uyim — o‘lan to‘shagim |
| 36 | haste makes waste | shoshilish zarar keltiradi | Check the form twice. Haste makes waste. | Shoshgan qiz erga yolchimas |
| 37 | where there’s a will, there’s a way | istagan odam yo‘l topadi | She studied at night after work. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. | Istagan imkon topar, istamagan bahona |
| 38 | better safe than sorry | ehtiyot bo‘lgan yaxshi | Take an umbrella. Better safe than sorry. | ehtiyot shart |
| 39 | practice makes perfect | mashq mahoratga olib keladi | Your pronunciation is improving. Practice makes perfect. | — |
| 40 | actions speak louder than words | gapdan ko‘ra ish muhim | He promised to help, but actions speak louder than words. | — |
Suhbatda tez-tez eshitiladiganlar (41–50)
| # | Idioma | Ma’nosi | Misol | O‘zbekcha muqobil / izoh |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | keep it under wraps | sir saqlamoq | Keep the surprise party under wraps until Saturday. | — |
| 42 | break the ice | notanishlar orasidagi noqulaylikni yo‘qotmoq | At the language club we break the ice with a quick game. | — |
| 43 | it’s all Greek to me | men uchun tushunarsiz | Tax forms? It’s all Greek to me. | norasmiy |
| 44 | a drop in the ocean | juda oz, sezilmaydigan | One volunteer is a drop in the ocean, but it’s a start. | dengizdan bir tomchi |
| 45 | hit the road | yo‘lga chiqmoq, ketmoq | It’s getting late — we should hit the road. | norasmiy |
| 46 | on the same wavelength | bir-birini tez tushunmoq | My co-founder and I are on the same wavelength. | — |
| 47 | a storm in a teacup | arzimagan narsaga shov-shuv | The fight over the parking spot was a storm in a teacup. | Britaniya; AQShda a tempest in a teapot |
| 48 | by hook or by crook | har qanday yo‘l bilan | He wanted that ticket by hook or by crook. | eskirgan |
| 49 | to cut a long story short | qisqasi | To cut a long story short, we missed the plane. | Britaniya; AQShda to make a long story short |
| 50 | a close call | bir baloning yonidan o‘tib ketmoq | That car almost hit us. What a close call! | — |
Ba’zi idiomalar qayerdan kelgan
Ko‘p idiomaning tarixi taxmin, shuning uchun ishonchlisini “ehtimol”idan ajratdik.
- The ball is in your court — tennisdan: to‘p sizning maydoningizda, navbat sizda. Ma’nosi sport o‘yinidan ochiq ko‘rinadi.
- Saved by the bell — boksdan: raund tugashi haqidagi qo‘ng‘iroq nokautga yaqin bokschini qutqaradi.
- Go the extra mile — Injildagi “seni bir mil yurishga majburlasa, u bilan ikki mil yur” degan fikrdan kelgan.
- Cut to the chase — eski kino tilidan: zerikarli sahnalarni tashlab, quvlash sahnasiga o‘tish, deb tushuntiriladi.
- Under the weather — ko‘pincha dengizchilarga bog‘lanadi: yomon havoda betob matros palubadan pastga tushirilgan. Bu mashhur izoh, lekin aniq isbotlanmagan.
- A piece of cake — XX asr ingliz so‘zlashuvida paydo bo‘lgan; nega aynan tort ekani aniq ma’lum emas.
IELTS Speaking’da idiomani haddan oshirmang
Rasmiy Speaking band descriptors’da idiomatik lug‘at yuqoriroq band belgilari qatorida tilga olinadi, lekin har doim uslubni his qilish va to‘g‘ri tanlash bilan birga. Ya’ni examiner idiomalarni sanamaydi, o‘rinli ishlatilganini eshitadi. Bitta javobga tiqilgan uch-to‘rtta idioma yodlangandek eshitiladi, noto‘g‘ri tanlangani esa xato hisoblanadi.
Amaliy qoida: bitta javobda ko‘pi bilan bitta idioma, faqat ma’nosiga ishonchingiz komil bo‘lsa; klishelarni (31-qator) ishlatmang. Qaysi idiomalar suhbatbop va qaysilari xavfli ekani batafsil IELTS Speakingda idiom ishlatish qo‘llanmasida.
O‘zbekcha o‘ylab tarjima qilganda chiqadigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| It was a piece of a cake. | It was a piece of cake. | Idiomada artikl qo‘shilmaydi |
| I’m under weather. | I’m under the weather. | The tushib qolmaydi |
| The ball is on your side. | The ball is in your court. | So‘zlarni almashtirib bo‘lmaydi |
| Don’t cry for spilled milk. | Don’t cry over spilt milk. | Predlog over; AQShda spilled ham to‘g‘ri |
Pul, hayvonlar va tana a’zolari bilan bog‘liq idiomalar alohida sahifalarda: pul haqida idiomalar, hayvonlar bilan idiomalar va tana a’zolari idiomalari.
Mashq: 15 ta gap
Har bir gapga jadvaldan mos idiomani qo‘ying (kerak bo‘lsa shaklini o‘zgartiring).
- I don’t understand this physics book at all. ______.
- Nodira was ______ when she got the scholarship.
- We finished the report ______, just five minutes before the deadline.
- You don’t have to decide now. ______ and tell me tomorrow.
- My cousin visited us ______ — no call, no message.
- The first level of the game was ______.
- Speaking to a stranger in English is ______, but it gets easier.
- Aziz is ______ with his boss after losing the keys to the office.
- Stop talking about the weather and ______: what do you want?
- I’m a bit ______ today; I think I’ve caught a cold.
- The mistake is made. ______ — let’s fix it.
- I rebuilt my website ______ after the old one was hacked.
- At first we were shy, but a funny question ______.
- My brother will help you move house ______; just ask.
- Our donation is ______, but every bit helps.
Javoblar
- It’s all Greek to me — umuman tushunmayapman.
- over the moon — juda xursand edi.
- in the nick of time (yoki at the eleventh hour) — oxirgi daqiqada.
- Sleep on it — shoshmay, ertagacha o‘ylang.
- out of the blue — kutilmaganda.
- a piece of cake (yoki a walk in the park) — juda oson.
- easier said than done — aytish oson, qilish qiyin.
- in hot water — muammoga qolgan.
- cut to the chase — asosiy gapga o‘ting.
- under the weather — biroz betobman; the shart.
- Don’t cry over spilt milk — o‘tgan ishga salovat.
- from scratch — noldan.
- broke the ice — noqulaylikni yo‘qotdi; o‘tgan zamon.
- at the drop of a hat — darhol, o‘ylab o‘tirmay.
- a drop in the ocean — juda oz.
Idiomani suhbatda sinab ko‘rish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan haftangiz haqida ovozli gaplashing va jadvaldan ikki-uchta idiomani ishlatib ko‘ring. Ilova o‘rinli yoki g‘alati eshitilganini izohlab beradi; bu rasmiy baho emas. Inglizcha maqollar va ularning o‘zbekcha juftlari ko‘proq kerak bo‘lsa, inglizcha maqollar sahifasiga o‘ting.
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