IELTS General letter: rasmiy, yarim rasmiy va norasmiy xat

IELTS General Training Writing’ning birinchi vazifasida sizga vaziyat va uchta punkt beriladi, siz esa kamida 150 so‘zli xat yozasiz. Muvaffaqiyatning uch sharti bor: xat maqsadini birinchi gapda aytish, uchala punktni alohida paragrafda to‘liq yoritish va ohangni kimga yozayotganingizga moslash: notanish tashkilotga rasmiy, tanish rahbar yoki qo‘shniga yarim rasmiy, do‘stga norasmiy. Quyida ohanglar jadvali, tayyor iboralar, uchta to‘liq namuna xat va javobli mashq bor.

Rasmiy talablar: nima aniq ma’lum

IELTS’ning General Training Writing format sahifasiga ko‘ra:

• Writing testi jami 60 daqiqa, ikki vazifadan iborat.
• Task 1 kamida 150 so‘zli xat; unga 20 daqiqadan ko‘p vaqt sarflamaslik tavsiya etiladi.
• Xat uslubi kimga yozayotganingizga bog‘liq: shaxsiy, yarim rasmiy yoki rasmiy.
• Topshiriqda xatda nimalar bo‘lishi kerakligini ko‘rsatuvchi uchta punkt bo‘ladi.
• Task 2 yakuniy Writing baliga Task 1 dan ikki barobar ko‘p ta’sir qiladi.

IDP’ning GT xat haqidagi maqolasida aytilishicha, topshiriqda manzil yozish talab qilinmaydi va xat Dear… bilan boshlanadi. Band descriptors bo‘yicha band 7 uchun barcha punktlar yoritilgan va ajralib turgan bo‘lishi, maqsad aniq, ohang esa izchil va vaziyatga mos bo‘lishi kerak. Band 5 tavsifida ohang o‘zgaruvchan yoki ba’zan noo‘rin bo‘lishi mumkinligi, band 4 da esa punktlarning hammasi berilmaganligi aytilgan.

Academic va General modullarining umumiy farqi haqida alohida sahifa bor.

Uch ohang bitta jadvalda

Britaniya odatida ism noma’lum bo‘lsa Yours faithfully, ism ma’lum bo‘lsa Yours sincerely ishlatiladi. Rasmiy va yarim rasmiy xatdagi murojaat va yakunlash iboralarining ko‘proq variantlari business email sahifasida jamlangan.

Uchta punktni rejaga aylantirish

Topshiriqdagi har bir punkt odatda bitta body paragrafga aylanadi. Xat tuzilmasi:

1. Murojaat (Dear…,)
2. Maqsad (1–2 gap): nega yozyapsiz.
3. 1-punkt (40–50 so‘z)
4. 2-punkt (40–50 so‘z)
5. 3-punkt (40–50 so‘z)
6. Yakunlovchi gap (I look forward to hearing from you. / Let me know…)
7. Yakunlash va imzo

Punktdagi har bir fe’lga e’tibor bering. Explain what happened and how you felt ikki vazifa: voqea va his. Suggest a time aniq kun yoki vaqtni talab qiladi, “qachon qulay bo‘lsa” emas.

Vazifaga qarab tayyor iboralar

1-namuna: rasmiy xat (shikoyat)

Practice sample — not an official score. Uchala xatni BandMate tahririyati mashq uchun yozgan, topshiriqlar ham mashq uchun tuzilgan.

Topshiriq: You recently bought a washing machine from a shop, but it has stopped working. Write a letter to the store manager. In your letter: give details of the purchase; explain what the problem is; say what you would like the shop to do.

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to complain about a washing machine that I bought from your store on Amir Temur Street and which stopped working after only three weeks.

I purchased the machine, a white front-loading model, on 2 September, and it was delivered and installed by your staff the following day. I paid in full by card and still have both the receipt and the one-year warranty card.

For the first two weeks the machine worked normally. However, since last Monday it has stopped in the middle of every wash with an error message on the display, leaving the clothes full of water. I have followed the instructions in the manual and restarted it several times, but the problem has not been solved.

As the machine is clearly faulty and still under warranty, I would like you to replace it with a new one. If a replacement is not possible, I would expect a full refund. I would be grateful if you could arrange for someone to collect the machine as soon as possible.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,
Dilshod Rakhimov

Izoh: maqsad birinchi gapda; har punkt alohida paragraf; talab qat’iy, lekin xushmuomala (I would expect, I would be grateful). Qisqartma yo‘q.

2-namuna: yarim rasmiy xat (rahbarga iltimos)

Topshiriq: You would like to attend an evening course, but it clashes with your working hours. Write a letter to your manager. In your letter: explain what course you want to do; describe the problem with your working hours; suggest how the problem could be solved.

Dear Ms Saidova,

I hope you are well. I am writing to ask whether it might be possible to change my working hours for the next three months.

As you know, I now deal with a growing number of emails from our foreign partners, and I would like to improve my written English. I have found an evening business English course at a language centre near Mustaqillik Square. It runs on Mondays and Wednesdays from 6 pm to 8 pm and starts on 1 November.

The difficulty is that on those days I work from 9 am to 6.30 pm, and the journey to the centre takes about twenty minutes by metro, so I would miss almost the first hour of every lesson.

Would it be possible for me to start at 8 am on Mondays and Wednesdays and leave at 5.30 pm? That way I would still work my full hours. Alternatively, I could swap those shifts with a colleague; Aziz has already said he would be willing to do so.

I would be grateful if you could let me know what you think.

Kind regards,
Jasur Toshmatov

Izoh: As you know va I hope you are well tanish odamga yozilganini ko‘rsatadi, lekin ohang hurmatli qoladi. Uchinchi punktda ikki aniq yechim bor.

3-namuna: norasmiy xat (do‘stga maslahat)

Topshiriq: A friend from another country is planning to visit Uzbekistan next month. Write a letter to your friend. In your letter: suggest the best places to visit; give advice on what to bring; offer to help during the trip.

Dear Anna,

It was great to hear that you’ve finally booked your tickets to Uzbekistan! I can’t wait to show you around.

If you only have a week, I’d spend two days in Samarkand and two in Bukhara. The Registan looks amazing in the evening when the lights come on, and in Bukhara you can just wander around the old town and get lost in the little streets. The fast train from Tashkent is really comfortable, but tickets can sell out, so book them as soon as you can.

October is usually lovely here, but the evenings get chilly, so bring a warm jacket. Comfortable shoes are a must because you’ll be walking a lot, and pack a scarf if you want to visit mosques.

I’ve taken a few days off work, so I can meet you at the airport and come with you to Samarkand. You’re also very welcome to stay with my family in Tashkent. My mum is already planning which plov to cook for you!

Let me know your flight details.

Lots of love,
Nodira

Izoh: qisqartmalar, undov belgisi, hazil tabiiy. Lekin xat baribir tartibli: har punktga bitta paragraf.

GT xatda o‘zbek o‘quvchilari qiladigan xatolar

Norasmiy xat yozish ko‘nikmasini oddiyroq darajada do‘stga xat namunalari bilan boshlash mumkin.

Mashq: ohangni aniqlang va tuzating

A qism. Har bir vaziyat uchun ohang (rasmiy / yarim rasmiy / norasmiy) va mos murojaat–yakunlash juftligini yozing.

1. Aviakompaniyaga yo‘qolgan yuk haqida.
2. Ukangizning to‘yiga ingliz do‘stingizni taklif qilish.
3. Qo‘shningiz Mrs Brown’ga ta’mir paytidagi shovqin uchun uzr.
4. Mahalliy gazeta muharririga shahar bog‘i haqida taklif.

B qism. Xatoni tuzating.

1. Dear Mr Karimov, … Yours faithfully, Malika
2. I am writing you to ask about the course.
3. Rasmiy xatda: I can’t come on Monday, sorry.
4. Norasmiy xatda: I would be grateful if you could inform me of your arrival time.

Javoblar

1. Rasmiy. Dear Sir or Madam, … Yours faithfully, + to‘liq ism.
2. Norasmiy. Dear Tom / Hi Tom, … Best wishes / Lots of love, + ism.
3. Yarim rasmiy. Dear Mrs Brown, … Kind regards / Yours sincerely, + to‘liq ism.
4. Rasmiy. Muharrirning ismi berilmagan bo‘lsa Dear Sir or Madam, … Yours faithfully, ism berilgan bo‘lsa Dear Mr…, … Yours sincerely.
5. Ism ma’lum: Yours sincerely yoki Kind regards, va to‘liq imzo Malika Yusupova.
6. I am writing to ask about the course.
7. Unfortunately, I will not be able to attend on Monday.
8. Let me know what time you’re arriving.

Endi 20 daqiqani belgilab, 2-namunadagi topshiriqqa o‘zingiz xat yozing. Hajmni va vaqtni qanday nazorat qilish haqida so‘z soni va vaqt qo‘llanmasida o‘qing.

Xatdagi ohangni gapirib mashq qilish

Rasmiy va norasmiy ohang orasida tez “almashish” gapirish mashqida yaxshi rivojlanadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan bir xil iltimosni avval do‘stga, keyin rahbarga aytib ko‘ring: Could you possibly… va Can you… farqini ovoz chiqarib his qilasiz, ilova esa grammatika va so‘z tanlash bo‘yicha tuzatish beradi. Ilova yozma xatingizga rasmiy band qo‘ymaydi.

Manbalar

• IELTS: General Training Writing testining rasmiy formati
• IELTS Writing band descriptors (May 2023 yangilangan versiya)
• IDP IELTS: General Training Writing Task 1 — how to write a letter

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