Do‘stga inglizcha xat besh qismdan iborat: murojaat (Dear Tom, yoki Hi Tom,), kirish gapi (Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you.), asosiy qism (do‘stingiz so‘ragan savollarga javob va yangiliklaringiz), yakunlovchi gap (Write back soon!) va imzo (Best wishes, va ismingiz). Rasmiy xatda tuzilish o‘sha, faqat so‘zlar boshqa: Dear Sir or Madam, bilan boshlasangiz, Yours faithfully, bilan tugatasiz.
Bu sahifada maktabdagi “do‘stingizga xat yozing” topshirig‘i uchun ikki to‘liq namuna (A2 va B1), to‘ldirib ishlatiladigan shablon va rasmiy xatning qisqa namunasi bor.
Norasmiy va rasmiy xat: farqi bitta jadvalda
| Qism | Norasmiy (do‘st, qarindosh) | Rasmiy (tashkilot, notanish odam) |
|---|---|---|
| Murojaat | Hi Tom, / Dear Tom, | Dear Mr Brown, / Dear Sir or Madam, |
| Kirish | Thanks for your letter! | I am writing to ask about… |
| Qisqartmalar | I’m, it’s, can’t — mumkin | I am, it is, cannot — to‘liq shakl |
| So‘zlar | get, find out, a lot of | receive, discover, a great deal of |
| Savollar | What about you? | Could you please tell me…? |
| Yakunlovchi gap | Write back soon! / Can’t wait to see you! | I look forward to hearing from you. |
| Imzo | Best wishes, / Love, / Take care, + ism | Yours sincerely, / Yours faithfully, + ism va familiya |
Asosiy savol: xatni o‘qiydigan odam bilan qanchalik yaqinsiz? Do‘stga I am writing to inform you deb yozsangiz, xat sovuq va kulgili chiqadi. Direktorga Hi! What’s up? deb yozsangiz, hurmatsizlik bo‘ladi.
Murojaat va yakunlash: qaysi biri qaysisiga mos
| Murojaat | Mos yakun | Qachon |
|---|---|---|
| Hi Tom, | Cheers, / See you soon, / Take care, | Yaqin do‘st, tengdosh |
| Dear Tom, | Best wishes, / Love, | Do‘st, qarindosh, pen friend |
| Dear Mr Brown, / Dear Ms Brown, | Yours sincerely, (Britaniya) / Sincerely, (AQSh) | Ismini biladigan rasmiy odam |
| Dear Sir or Madam, | Yours faithfully, | Ismini bilmaysiz |
| Dear Hiring Manager, | Kind regards, | Ish xati, ismi noma’lum |
Ikki qoida esda qolsin. Birinchidan, murojaatdan keyin vergul qo‘yiladi va xat yangi qatordan, bosh harf bilan boshlanadi. Ikkinchidan, Yours faithfully faqat Dear Sir or Madam bilan keladi; ism bilan boshlangan rasmiy xat Yours sincerely bilan tugaydi. Ish xatlari uchun ko‘proq variantlar business email opening va closing sahifasida.
Kirish va yakunlash uchun tayyor gaplar
| Gap | Tarjima |
|---|---|
| Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you. | Xatingiz uchun rahmat. Sizdan xabar olganim juda yaxshi bo‘ldi. |
| Sorry I haven’t written for so long. | Uzoq vaqt yozmaganim uchun uzr. |
| I hope you and your family are well. | Umid qilamanki, siz va oilangiz yaxshisiz. |
| It was lovely to hear about your new school. | Yangi maktabingiz haqida o‘qish juda yoqimli bo‘ldi. |
| Guess what? I’ve got some great news. | Bilasanmi? Zo‘r yangiligim bor. |
| Anyway, I have to go now. | Xullas, endi borishim kerak. |
| Write back soon and tell me all your news. | Tezroq javob yoz, hamma yangiliklaringni aytib ber. |
| Say hello to your family from me. | Oilangizga mendan salom ayting. |
Do‘stga xat shabloni
Bo‘sh joylarni o‘z hayotingiz bilan to‘ldiring. Har bir qator — xatdagi bitta qism.
- Murojaat: Dear ______,
- Kirish: Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear that ______.
- Uzr (kerak bo‘lsa): Sorry I haven’t written for a while. I’ve been busy with ______.
- 1-savolga javob: You asked me about ______. ______.
- 2-savolga javob: As for ______, ______.
- Yangilik: Guess what? ______.
- Do‘stga savol: What about you? ______?
- Yakun: Anyway, I have to go now. Write back soon!
- Imzo: Best wishes, ______
Maktab topshirig‘ida odatda do‘stingizning xatidan parcha beriladi va uning savollariga javob berish talab qilinadi. Har bir savolga kamida ikki gap bilan javob bering va o‘zingiz ham bitta savol bering. O‘qituvchingiz yoki darslikdagi talab (so‘z soni, manzil yozish kerakmi) bu yerdagi umumiy qoidalardan ustun turadi.
Namuna 1: A2 daraja, oila va maktab haqida
Vaziyat: Angliyadagi pen friend Emma yangi maktabi haqida yozib, oilangiz va dam olish kunlaringiz haqida so‘ragan.
Dear Emma,
Thank you for your letter. It was great to hear about your new school in Manchester!
Let me tell you about my family. There are five people in my family: my parents, my two younger brothers and me. My father is a driver and my mother is a nurse. My brothers are eight and ten, and they love football. We live in a flat in Namangan.
I’m in the ninth grade. My favourite subjects are English and biology. After school I usually help my mum, and then I do my homework. At the weekend I visit my grandparents in the village.
What about you? Do you have any brothers or sisters? What do you do at the weekend?
Write back soon! Best wishes, Zarina
Nega bu A2 uchun yaxshi: har bir paragraf bitta mavzu; Present Simple to‘g‘ri ishlatilgan (My father is…, they love…); gaplar qisqa, lekin and, then bilan bog‘langan; Emmaning ikkala savoliga javob bor va oxirida o‘zi ham savol beradi. Oila haqida ko‘proq so‘z va gaplar kerak bo‘lsa, oilam haqida inglizcha matn sahifasiga qarang.
Namuna 2: B1 daraja, yozgi ta’til va taklif
Vaziyat: do‘stingiz Jack yozni qanday o‘tkazganingizni so‘ragan va kelasi yil O‘zbekistonga kelishi mumkinligini yozgan.
Hi Jack,
Sorry it’s taken me so long to reply. The last few weeks have been really busy because we had exams at the end of the school year. Anyway, I passed them all, so I’m finally free!
You asked about my summer. In July my family and I spent four days in Samarkand. I’d seen photos of the Registan many times, but it looks even more amazing in real life, especially in the evening when the lights come on. We also tried the famous Samarkand bread. My dad bought ten loaves to take home, which was a bit crazy!
At the moment I’m getting ready for the new school year. I’ve joined an English speaking club at our library, and I’m really enjoying it.
By the way, you said you might visit Uzbekistan next year. If you do, you have to stay with us in Tashkent. My mum has already promised to cook plov for you. Let me know what you think!
Say hello to your family from me. Take care, Timur
Nega bu B1 uchun yaxshi: turli zamonlar aralash ishlatilgan (I’d seen, I’ve joined, I’m getting ready); bog‘lovchi so‘zlar xatni suhbatga o‘xshatadi (Anyway, By the way); shartli gap bor (If you do, you have to…); shaxsiy tafsilot (o‘nta non) xatni jonli qiladi. Zamonlarni aralashtirishda qiynalsangiz, Present Perfect va Past Simple farqi sahifasini ko‘ring.
Rasmiy xat: qisqa namuna
Rasmiy xatda to‘rt qism yetarli: nima uchun yozyapsiz, tafsilotlar yoki savollar, nima kutyapsiz, rasmiy yakun.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to ask for information about your summer English courses for teenagers. I am sixteen years old and my level is about B1.
Could you please tell me how long the course lasts and whether accommodation is included? I would also like to know if there is a placement test before the course starts.
Thank you in advance. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully, Aziz Karimov
Multilevel va IELTS bilan bog‘liqlik
Maktabdagi xat mashqi imtihonga to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri tayyorlaydi. Multilevel (CEFR) imtihonining Writing bo‘limi birinchi qismida bir vaziyat bo‘yicha do‘stga norasmiy va tashkilotga rasmiy xat yoziladi, ya’ni yuqoridagi jadvaldagi farqlar aynan baholanadi. So‘z soni, vaqt va namuna javoblar Multilevel Writing Email sahifasida rasmiy manbaga havola bilan berilgan. Imtihon talablari o‘zgarishi mumkin, shuning uchun topshirishdan oldin Bilim va malakalarni baholash agentligining rasmiy saytini tekshiring. IELTS General Training imtihonida ham xat yoziladi; uning formati alohida IELTS General Training letter sahifasida bo‘ladi.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Dear my friend Tom! | Dear Tom, | Dear + ism, oxirida vergul. |
| Hello, dear Emma! | Dear Emma, / Hi Emma, | Ikkalasini birga ishlatmang. |
| How are you? I am fine. | I hope you’re well. | Darslikdagi qolip; tabiiyroq variantini tanlang. |
| I am writing you this letter to tell… | I’m writing to tell you… | Britaniyada write to someone. |
| With respect, Aziz | Best wishes, Aziz / Kind regards, Aziz | «С уважением» dan tarjima. |
| Dear Mr Brown, … Yours faithfully | Dear Mr Brown, … Yours sincerely | Ism ma’lum bo‘lsa, sincerely. |
Mashq: mos variantni tanlang
- 1. Pen friendga xat boshlanishi. a) Dear Sir or Madam, b) Dear Emma, c) Dear my friend,
- 2. Dear Sir or Madam bilan boshlangan xat oxiri. a) Yours faithfully, b) Love, c) Cheers,
- 3. Direktor Ms Wilsonga xat oxiri (Britaniya). a) Yours faithfully, b) Yours sincerely, c) See you soon,
- 4. Do‘stga xatda kirish gapi. a) I am writing to inform you that… b) Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you. c) Dear Sir,
- 5. Do‘stga xat oxiridagi gap. a) I look forward to your prompt reply. b) Write back soon and tell me all your news! c) Yours faithfully.
- 6. Rasmiy xatdagi savol. a) Could you please tell me when the course starts? b) When does it start, btw? c) Tell me the date.
- 7. «С уважением»ning to‘g‘ri inglizchasi. a) With respect, b) Kind regards, c) Respectfully yours friend,
- 8. Uzoq vaqt yozmaganingiz uchun uzr. a) Sorry I haven’t written for so long. b) Sorry I didn’t write since long. c) Excuse me for not writing long.
Javoblar
1 — b; 2 — a; 3 — b; 4 — b; 5 — b; 6 — a; 7 — b; 8 — a.
BandMate bilan mashq
Yaxshi xat yozish uchun avval o‘sha gaplarni og‘zaki ayta olish kerak: ta’tilingiz, oilangiz, rejalaringiz haqida. BandMate ilovasida Bandi aynan shunday savollar beradi, siz esa javobni ovozda tuzasiz; ilova grammatika va talaffuz bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Keyin o‘sha javoblarni yuqoridagi shablonga qo‘yib, 120–150 so‘zli xat yozib ko‘ring: yarmi allaqachon tayyor bo‘ladi.
