Hikmatli so‘z inglizcha a wise saying, muallifi ma’lum bo‘lsa a quote (rasmiyroq: a quotation), qisqa falsafiy fikr an aphorism, xalq maqoli esa a proverb. Yozishda qoidasi bitta: gap qo‘shtirnoqda, muallif tire bilan: “Brevity is the soul of wit.” — William Shakespeare.
Quyidagi 17 ta iqtibos 1929-yildan oldin nashr qilingan asarlardan olingan, o‘zbekcha tarjimalar esa bizniki. Pastroqda 12 ta o‘zbek hikmatining inglizcha tarjimasi va tarjimadagi tuzoqlar bor.
Bilim va o‘qish haqida: 8 ta hikmat
- 1. “Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.” — Konfutsiy, Suhbatlar va hikmatlar (James Legge tarjimasi, 1861). O‘ylamay o‘qish — behuda mehnat; o‘qimay o‘ylash — xavfli. Izoh: perilous — “xatarli”, dangerous ning kitobiy sinonimi.
- 2. Ipsa scientia potestas est. — Francis Bacon, Meditationes Sacrae (1597). Lotincha asli “bilimning o‘zi — kuch”; inglizchada qisqa shakli tarqalgan: Knowledge is power.
- 3. “A little learning is a dang’rous thing.” — Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism (1711). Chala bilim — xavfli narsa. Izoh: dang’rous — vazn uchun qisqartirilgan dangerous.
- 4. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” — Suqrot, Platonning Apologiya asarida (Benjamin Jowett tarjimasi, 1871). O‘z-o‘zini tekshirmagan hayot yashashga arzimaydi.
- 5. “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” — Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanack (1735). Erta yotib erta turgan sog‘lom, boy va dono bo‘ladi. Izoh: a man bu yerda “erkak” emas, “inson”.
- 6. “Whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well.” — Lord Chesterfield, o‘g‘liga maktub (1746). Qilishga arziydigan ish yaxshi qilishga ham arziydi.
- 7. “Few things are impossible to diligence and skill.” — Samuel Johnson, Rasselas (1759). Tirishqoqlik va mahorat uchun imkonsiz narsa kam.
- 8. “While we are postponing, life speeds by.” — Seneka, Lutsiliyga birinchi maktub (Richard Gummere tarjimasi, 1917). Biz ishni keyinga surib turganimizda, hayot o‘tib ketadi.
Bu gaplarni IELTS esse yoki nutq boshida ishlatish mumkin, lekin faqat mavzuga to‘g‘ri kelsa. Bitta iqtibos va o‘zingizning bitta gapingiz ikkita iqtibosdan kuchliroq.
Shekspirdan 6 ta satr
Shekspir tilida 400 yil ichida ma’nosi o‘zgargan so‘zlar bor, shuning uchun har biriga izoh berilgan.
- 9. “Brevity is the soul of wit.” — Hamlet. Qisqalik — aqlning joni. Izoh: wit hozir “hazil-mutoyiba” degani, Shekspir davrida esa “aql, zehn”. Ko‘p tarjimada shu joyda xato qilinadi.
- 10. “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” — Hamlet. O‘zi yaxshi yoki yomon narsa yo‘q, uni shunday qiladigan — bizning fikrimiz.
- 11. “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” — Hamlet. Na qarz ol, na qarz ber. Izoh: fe’l oxirida — eski she’riy tartib; hozirgi tilda Don’t borrow and don’t lend.
- 12. “The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves.” — Julius Caesar. Aybi, aziz Brut, yulduzlarimizda emas, o‘zimizda.
- 13. “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon ’em.” — Twelfth Night. Ba’zilar ulug‘ bo‘lib tug‘iladi, ba’zilar ulug‘likka erishadi, ba’zilarga esa ulug‘lik o‘zi yopishadi. Izoh: ’em = them.
- 14. “How far that little candle throws his beams! / So shines a good deed in a naughty world.” — The Merchant of Venice. U kichik sham nurini qanchalik uzoqqa sochadi! Yomon dunyoda yaxshi ish ham shunday porlaydi. Izoh: naughty bu yerda “yomon, buzuq”, hozirgi “sho‘x bola” ma’nosida emas; his esa its o‘rnida.
Do‘stlik, sir va mehmon: 3 ta hikmat
- 15. “The only way to have a friend is to be one.” — Ralph Waldo Emerson, Friendship (1841). Do‘st orttirishning yagona yo‘li — o‘zing do‘st bo‘lish.
- 16. “Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.” — Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanack (1735). Uch kishi sirni saqlay oladi, agar ikkitasi o‘lgan bo‘lsa.
- 17. “Fish and visitors stink in three days.” — Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanack (1736). Baliq ham, mehmon ham uch kunda hid chiqaradi.
17-hikmat o‘zbek o‘quvchisini kuldiradi: bizda “Mehmon — otangdan ulug‘” deyiladi. Madaniyat farqini ko‘rsatish uchun IELTS Speaking Part 3 da shu ikki gapni solishtirish mumkin: In Uzbekistan we say a guest is greater than your father, but Franklin joked that guests, like fish, go bad in three days.
O‘zbek hikmatlari inglizcha: 12 ta tarjima
Bu tarjimalar so‘zma-so‘z emas, ma’no bo‘yicha qilingan. Xorijlikka aytganda avval inglizcha variantni, keyin kerak bo‘lsa izohni ayting.
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha tarjima | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Oz-oz o‘rganib dono bo‘lur, qatra-qatra yig‘ilib daryo bo‘lur. | Learn little by little and you grow wise; gather drop by drop and you get a river. | Alisher Navoiyga nisbat beriladi; manbasini tekshirmagan bo‘lsangiz, an old Uzbek saying deb yozing. |
| Ilm — aql chirog‘i. | Knowledge is the lamp of the mind. | Bacon gapiga yaqin, lekin tasviri boshqa. |
| O‘qigan o‘zar, o‘qimagan to‘zar. | Those who study get ahead; those who don’t fall apart. | Qofiya yo‘qoladi, bu normal. |
| Bir yigitga yetmish hunar oz. | For a young man, even seventy skills are not too many. | hunar — skill yoki craft. |
| Shirin so‘z ilonni inidan chiqarar. | A sweet word can bring a snake out of its hole. | Muloyimlik kuchi haqida. |
| Yaxshi so‘z — jon ozig‘i. | A kind word is food for the soul. | jon — soul, bu yerda “hayot” emas. |
| Sabr qilsang, g‘o‘radan halvo bitar. | Be patient, and even sour green grapes turn into halva. | g‘o‘ra — pishmagan uzum, izohsiz tushunarsiz. |
| Ko‘p yashagan emas, ko‘p ko‘rgan biladi. | Not the one who has lived long, but the one who has seen much, knows. | Tajriba yoshdan muhim. |
| Do‘st achitib gapirar, dushman kuldirib. | A friend tells you bitter truths; an enemy makes you laugh. | bitter truths — achchiq haqiqat. |
| Mehnatning tagi — rohat. | Rest comes at the end of hard work. | So‘zma-so‘z the bottom of work g‘alati eshitiladi. |
| Bugungi ishni ertaga qo‘yma. | Don’t leave today’s work for tomorrow. | Ingliz muqobili: Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. |
| Qush uyasida ko‘rganini qiladi. | A bird does what it saw in its nest. | Tarbiya haqida; muqobil: Like father, like son. |
Ingliz xalq maqollari va ularning o‘zbekcha muqobillari alohida inglizcha maqollar sahifasida jamlangan.
Muallifi yo‘q hikmatlar: 5 ta ingliz maqoli
Bu gaplarning muallifi yo‘q, ular xalqniki. Ularni hech kimga nisbat bermang.
- Actions speak louder than words. — Ish so‘zdan balandroq gapiradi (ya’ni ish muhimroq).
- Practice makes perfect. — Mashq mukammallikka olib boradi.
- Where there’s a will, there’s a way. — Xohish bo‘lsa, yo‘l topiladi.
- Rome wasn’t built in a day. — Rim bir kunda qurilmagan; katta ish vaqt talab qiladi.
- Better late than never. — Hech qachondan ko‘ra kech bo‘lsa ham yaxshi.
Hikmatni tarjima qilishdagi 6 ta tuzoq
1. Eski so‘z shakllari. Thee, thou, thy, thine — you, your ning eski shakllari; ’tis = it is, ’em = them. Ularni hozirgi gapda ishlatmang, faqat iqtibos ichida qoldiring.
2. Ma’nosi o‘zgargan so‘zlar. Wit (aql → hazil), naughty (yomon → sho‘x), nice (eski matnlarda “nozik, aniq”). Lug‘atning birinchi ma’nosiga ishonmang, asar yilini hisobga oling.
3. Man = inson. Eski matnlardagi a man, mankind ko‘pincha “erkak” emas, “odam” degani. Makes a man healthy → “insonni sog‘lom qiladi”.
4. Qofiya va ritm yo‘qoladi. O‘qigan o‘zar, o‘qimagan to‘zar inglizchada qofiyasiz qoladi. Qofiyani zo‘rlab saqlash o‘rniga aniq ma’noni tanlang.
5. Madaniy so‘zlar. Sabr, baraka, ko‘ngil, g‘o‘ra kabi so‘zlarning aniq inglizcha juftligi yo‘q. Yo tasvir bilan (sour green grapes), yo qisqa izoh bilan bering.
6. Soxta muallif. Internetdagi ko‘p “hikmat” Eynshteyn yoki Mark Tvenga noto‘g‘ri nisbat berilgan. Kitobi va yilini topa olmasangiz, muallifsiz yozing. Mashhur misollar ingliz tilida chiroyli gaplar sahifasida.
Tinish belgilariga ham qarang: o‘zbek matnida «qo‘shtirnoq», ingliz matnida “qo‘shtirnoq”, muallif esa tire bilan beriladi. Ingliz tilida nuqta odatda qo‘shtirnoq ichida: “Practice makes perfect.”
Mashq: tarjima va ma’no
A. Hikmatni ma’nosi bilan bog‘lang.
- 1. Brevity is the soul of wit.
- 2. While we are postponing, life speeds by.
- 3. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
- 4. A little learning is a dangerous thing.
a) Qarz munosabatni buzadi. b) Chala bilgan odam o‘zini bilimdon deb xato qiladi. c) Ishni ortga surmang. d) Aqlli gap qisqa bo‘ladi.
B. Inglizchaga tarjima qiling.
- 5. Yaxshi so‘z — jon ozig‘i.
- 6. Bugungi ishni ertaga qo‘yma.
- 7. Ilm — aql chirog‘i.
C. Xatoni toping.
- 8. Wit so‘zini Shekspir iqtibosida “hazil” deb tarjima qilish to‘g‘rimi?
- 9. “Practice makes perfect” — Benjamin Franklin. Bu yozuvda nima noto‘g‘ri?
- 10. Makes a man healthy — “erkakni sog‘lom qiladi”. To‘g‘rimi?
Javoblar
1 — d; 2 — c; 3 — a; 4 — b; 5 — A kind word is food for the soul.; 6 — Don’t leave today’s work for tomorrow.; 7 — Knowledge is the lamp of the mind.; 8 — yo‘q, Shekspir davrida wit “aql” degani; 9 — bu xalq maqoli, muallifi yo‘q; 10 — yo‘q, a man bu yerda “inson”.
Hikmatni o‘z hayotingizga bog‘lab gapiring
Iqtibosni yodlashning eng yaxshi yo‘li — uni o‘z tajribangiz bilan bog‘lab gapirish. BandMate ilovasida Bandiga bitta hikmatni ayting va nega aynan u sizga yoqishini tushuntiring: My favourite saying is “Learning without thought is labour lost”, because I used to memorise words without using them. Bandi savol berib fikringizni kengaytirishga yordam beradi, ilova esa perilous, diligence, brevity kabi so‘zlar talaffuzini tekshiradi. Motivatsiya uchun qisqa gaplar kerak bo‘lsa, motivatsiya gaplar ingliz tilida sahifasini oching.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
