Hikoya aytishni o‘rganishning eng tez yo‘li — qisqa, vaqti o‘lchangan mashqlar: 30 soniya tayyorlanasiz, 1–2 daqiqa gapirasiz, yozib olasiz va darhol qayta aytasiz. Quyidagi 10 ta mashqning beshtasi rasmdan, beshtasi o‘z xotirangizdan. Kuniga 15 daqiqa, ikki-uch mashq yetadi. Hikoyaning tuzilishi (ilgak, vaziyat, muammo, burilish, xulosa) va zamonlar storytelling tuzilmasi sahifasida tushuntirilgan. Bu yerda esa shu tuzilmani og‘izda mustahkamlaydigan mashqlar.
Kerakli narsalar: taymer, telefon diktofoni va quyidagi sakkizta rasm.
10 ta mashq: qisqa jadval
| № | Mashq | Manba | Tayyorlanish | Gapirish | Daraja |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uch savolli rasm | Rasm | 30 soniya | 1 daqiqa | A2+ |
| 2 | Oldin va keyin | Rasm | 30 soniya | 1,5 daqiqa | A2+ |
| 3 | Uch rasm zanjiri | Rasm | 1 daqiqa | 2 daqiqa | B1+ |
| 4 | Guvoh | Rasm | 30 soniya | 1,5 daqiqa | B1+ |
| 5 | Boshqa yakun | Rasm yoki xotira | 30 soniya | 1 daqiqa | B1+ |
| 6 | “Birinchi marta” | Xotira | 1 daqiqa | 1,5 daqiqa | A2+ |
| 7 | Uch uzunlik | Xotira | 30 soniya | 10 s + 30 s + 2 daq | B1+ |
| 8 | Besh sezgi | Xotira | 1 daqiqa | 1,5 daqiqa | B1+ |
| 9 | U dedi, men dedim | Xotira | 30 soniya | 1 daqiqa | B1+ |
| 10 | Latifani qayta aytish | Tanish hikoya | 1 daqiqa | 2 daqiqa | A2+ |
Rasmdan hikoya: 1–5-mashqlar
1. Uch savolli rasm (30 s + 1 daq). Bitta rasmni tanlang va uchta savolga javob bering: Who is this? Where is he or she? What has just happened? Masalan, noutbuk rasmi: This is Timur. He’s at home, it’s midnight, and his laptop has just crashed. Bu mashq birinchi gapni boshlashni osonlashtiradi.
2. Oldin va keyin (30 s + 1,5 daq). Rasmdagi lahzadan 5 daqiqa oldin nima bo‘lganini va 5 daqiqadan keyin nima bo‘lishini ayting. Imtihon rasmi uchun: Five minutes before, he was joking with his friends. Then the teacher gave out the results… Bu yerda past continuous (fon) va past simple (voqea) tabiiy ravishda almashadi.
3. Uch rasm zanjiri (1 daq + 2 daq). Tasodifiy uchta rasmni oling va bitta hikoyaga bog‘lang. Qoida: har rasm hikoyada kamida bitta gap bilan qatnashsin. Pastda shu mashqning to‘liq namunasi bor.
4. Guvoh (30 s + 1,5 daq). Iz va lupa rasmini oling. Siz voqeani ko‘rgan odamsiz va politsiyaga gapiryapsiz: I was walking past the shop at about nine when I noticed… Guvoh sifatida aniq vaqt, joy va tartib berasiz: first, after that, a moment later.
5. Boshqa yakun (30 s + 1 daq). 1–4-mashqlardagi hikoyangizning oxirini butunlay o‘zgartirib, qayta ayting. In the end, it turned out that… Ikkinchi aytishda boshi tezroq chiqadi, diqqatingiz esa yakunga qaratiladi.
Xotiradan hikoya: 6–10-mashqlar
6. “Birinchi marta” (1 daq + 1,5 daq). Hayotingizdagi “birinchi marta”lardan birini tanlang: samolyotda uchish, birinchi ish kuni, yangi taomni tatib ko‘rish. Tayyorlanishda faqat 5 ta so‘z yozing, gap emas.
7. Uch uzunlik (30 s + 10 s + 30 s + 2 daq). Bitta voqeani uch marta ayting: avval bitta gapda, keyin 30 soniyada, keyin 2 daqiqada. Bitta gapli variant hikoyaning asosini topishga yordam beradi: I nearly missed my sister’s wedding because of a flat tyre. Qolgan ikki variant shu asosga detal qo‘shadi.
8. Besh sezgi (1 daq + 1,5 daq). Xotirani qayta aytib, uch xil sezgi qo‘shing: nimani ko‘rdingiz, eshitdingiz, hidini sezdingiz. The whole street smelled of plov, and I could hear the karnay from two blocks away. Hikoya shu detallar bilan jonlanadi.
9. U dedi, men dedim (30 s + 1 daq). Yaqinda bo‘lgan bir suhbatni to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutq bilan qayta aytib bering: And he said, “Are you serious?” and I said, “Completely.” Kundalik nutqda I was like, … ham ishlatiladi, lekin imtihonda I said / I told him yaxshiroq.
10. Latifani qayta aytish (1 daq + 2 daq). O‘zingiz yaxshi biladigan Afandi latifasini inglizcha ayting. Syujet tayyor, shuning uchun butun diqqat tilda bo‘ladi. Kulgili joyni oxirigacha saqlang va undan keyin hech narsa qo‘shmang.
Namuna: 3-mashq, uchta rasm bilan (B1)
Rasmlar: noutbuk, imtihon natijasi va kutilmagan qo‘ng‘iroq.
It was the night before my final exam, and I was revising in my room when my laptop suddenly crashed. All my notes were on it. I tried everything, but the screen stayed black, so I went to bed angry and got up at six to read my friend’s notes instead. The next week, when the results came out, I saw a big red cross: I’d failed. I was sitting on a bench feeling terrible when my phone rang. It was my teacher. She said, “Your paper was mixed up with someone else’s. You actually passed.” I just stared at the phone. Since then, I always keep a copy of everything.
Tahlil: har rasm kamida bitta gapda bor. Fon uchun was revising, was sitting, voqealar uchun crashed, went, rang ishlatilgan. Oldinroq bo‘lgan voqea I’d failed bilan berilgan. To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutq burilishni jonlantiradi, oxirgi gap esa hikoyadan bugungi odatga ko‘prik tashlaydi.
Haftalik jadval: kuniga 15 daqiqa
| Kun | Mashqlar | Nima uchun |
|---|---|---|
| Dushanba | 1, 2 | Rasm bilan oson boshlash |
| Seshanba | 6, 7 | Xotira va uzunlikni boshqarish |
| Chorshanba | 3, 5 | Mantiqiy zanjir va yakun |
| Payshanba | 8, 9 | Detal va dialog |
| Juma | 4, 10 | Aniq tartib va tayyor syujet |
| Shanba | Haftaning eng yaxshi hikoyasini 4-3-2 usulida | Ravonlik |
Shanba kungi 4-3-2 usuli (bitta hikoyani 4, 3 va 2 daqiqada aytish) ravon gapirish usullari sahifasida tushuntirilgan.
Hikoya mashqlarida uchraydigan beshta muammo
- “And then… and then…”. Hammasi bir tekis. Vaqt bog‘lovchilarini almashtiring: after that, a moment later, as soon as, eventually.
- Hozirgi zamonga sirpanib ketish. O‘zbek tilida hikoyani “boraman, ko‘raman” deb aytish mumkin. Inglizchada bu faqat maxsus uslub. Oddiy hikoya past simple’da qoladi: I go there and I see emas, I went there and saw.
- Uzun tayyorlanish. Tayyorlanish 1 daqiqadan oshsa, siz yozyapsiz, gapirmayapsiz. Faqat 5 ta so‘z yozing.
- Detal ko‘p, muammo yo‘q. Tinglovchi qachon qiziqishi kerakligini bilmaydi. Birinchi 20 soniyada muammoga ishora qiling.
- Yakunsiz tugash. …and that’s it. O‘rniga bitta natija gapi ayting: In the end… yoki Since then…
Hikoyani og‘zaki emas, yozma ishlamoqchi bo‘lsangiz, ingliz tilida hikoya yozish sahifasidagi reja mos keladi. Xotiradan hikoya aytish IELTS’dagi describe a childhood memory kabi kartochkalarga ham to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri tayyorlaydi: bolalik xotirasi cue card.
Mashq: gapni jonlantiring
Har gapni ko‘rsatilgan usul bilan qayta yozing.
- 1. Then my phone rang. (Fon qo‘shing: past continuous bilan.)
- 2. He told me that he was coming back. (To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutqqa aylantiring.)
- 3. The market was nice. (Ikki sezgi qo‘shing.)
- 4. I go to the bazaar and I see my teacher. (Oddiy o‘tgan zamonga o‘tkazing.)
- 5. And then I got the job. That’s it. (Natija va bugungi ko‘prik qo‘shing.)
- 6. And then I opened the door, and then I saw a cat. (Takroriy and then ni olib tashlang.)
Namuna javoblar
- 1. I was cooking dinner when my phone rang.
- 2. He said, “Don’t worry, I’m coming back.”
- 3. The market was noisy and smelled of fresh bread.
- 4. I went to the bazaar and saw my teacher.
- 5. In the end, I got the job, and since then I’ve never been late for an interview.
- 6. As soon as I opened the door, I saw a cat.
Hikoyani tinglovchiga aytib berish
Yozib olish tuzilma va zamonlarni tekshirishga yordam beradi, lekin hikoyaning haqiqiy sinovi — tinglovchining savoli. BandMate ilovasida Bandi’ga bugungi hikoyangizni ovozli aytib bering: u tafsilot so‘raydi, siz esa hikoyani kengaytirasiz. Ilova talaffuz va grammatika bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Bugun 1 va 2-mashqlarni noutbuk rasmi bilan boshlang.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
