Inglizcha hikoya o‘tgan zamonda yoziladi va beshta qismdan quriladi: boshlanish (kim, qayerda, qachon), voqea (nimadir sodir bo‘ladi), rivoj, eng qiziq nuqta va yakun. Asosiy voqealar Past Simple’da (I opened the door), fon va manzara Past Continuous’da (It was raining), undan ham oldin bo‘lgan ish Past Perfect’da (I had left my keys) yoziladi. Qismlarni one day, suddenly, after that, in the end kabi so‘zlar bog‘laydi.
Maktab va kurslarda topshiriq ko‘pincha shunday beriladi: Write a story that begins with the sentence… yoki …ends with the words…. Bu holda berilgan gapni o‘zgartirmang va hikoya shu gap bilan mantiqan bog‘lansin. Hajmni topshiriq shartidan oling. Quyidagi namunalar 150–190 so‘z atrofida.
5 qism: har birida nima va nechta gap
| Qism | Vazifasi | Gaplar | Namuna gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Boshlanish | kim, qayerda, qachon, qanday kayfiyat | 2–3 | Last Saturday my mother and I went to Chorsu Bazaar. |
| 2. Voqea | oddiy kunni buzadigan narsa | 1–2 | Suddenly I realised my pocket was empty. |
| 3. Rivoj | qahramon nima qiladi, vaziyat qanday o‘zgaradi | 3–4 | We walked back and asked a guard for help. |
| 4. Eng qiziq nuqta | kutilmagan yechim yoki eng qo‘rqinchli lahza | 1–2 | Then my mother’s bag started ringing. |
| 5. Yakun | nima bilan tugadi, qanday his, qanday saboq | 2–3 | In the end we laughed for a long time. |
Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato 2-qismni unutish: hikoya "bordim, ko‘rdim, qaytdim" ro‘yxatiga aylanadi. Hikoyada albatta muammo, sirli narsa yoki kutilmagan burilish bo‘lishi kerak. Nutqda hikoya aytish tuzilmasi inglizcha storytelling sahifasida alohida ko‘rilgan; bu yerda yozma matnga e’tibor beramiz.
Uchta o‘tgan zamon: qaysi gap qaysi zamonda
| Zamon | Hikoyadagi vazifasi | Misol | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Simple | asosiy voqealar, ketma-ket harakatlar | He took a torch and opened the door. | oldi, ochdi |
| Past Continuous | fon, bir vaqtda davom etayotgan ish | We were sitting by the stove. | o‘tirgan edik, o‘tirayotgan edik |
| Past Perfect | hikoyadagi voqeadan oldin bo‘lgan ish | The electricity had gone off at nine. | o‘chib qolgan edi |
Ikki zamon bitta gapda ko‘p uchraydi: uzun fon ish Past Continuous, uni bo‘lgan qisqa voqea Past Simple: While my mother was choosing grapes, I noticed something strange. Qoidalarning to‘liq jadvali Past Simple, Past Continuous va Past Perfect sahifalarida.
O‘zbek tilida hikoyani hozirgi zamonda aytish tabiiy eshitiladi: "Eshikni ochaman, qarasam…". Inglizcha yozma hikoyada bu uslub kamdan-kam ishlatiladi, shuning uchun boshidan oxirigacha o‘tgan zamonda qoling.
Bog‘lovchilar: vaqt, burilish va yakun uchun
| Vazifa | So‘z va iboralar |
|---|---|
| Boshlash | One day…, Last summer…, It was a cold evening when… |
| Ketma-ketlik | At first, then, after that, later, the next morning |
| Bir vaqtda | while, when, as |
| Tezlik | as soon as, immediately, a moment later |
| Burilish | suddenly, unfortunately, luckily, to my surprise |
| Yakun | finally, in the end, since then, I will never forget… |
Finally va in the end farqi: finally uzoq kutilgan ishni bildiradi (Finally the bus came), in the end esa butun hikoyaning natijasi (In the end we missed the concert). Boshqa bog‘lovchilar ro‘yxati linking words jadvali sahifasida.
Hikoya uchun sahnalar
Quyidagi rasmlar ikki namuna hikoyadagi lahzalarga mos keladi. Har biriga bitta o‘tgan zamon gapi o‘ylab ko‘ring.
1-namuna (A2): The Phone in the Wrong Pocket
Last Saturday my mother and I went to Chorsu Bazaar to buy fruit for my sister’s birthday. It was a hot morning and the bazaar was full of people. While my mother was choosing grapes, I put my hand in my pocket to check the time. My pocket was empty!
At first I thought I had left my phone at home. Then I remembered that I had taken a photo of the melons ten minutes before. I started to panic. We walked back to the melon seller, but he hadn’t seen it. After that we asked a guard, and he showed us the lost property office.
Suddenly my mother’s bag started ringing. My phone was in her bag! She had put it there when I was carrying the boxes. We laughed for a long time. In the end we bought the grapes, and now I always keep my phone in my own bag. (153 so‘z)
Tahlil. 1-paragraf boshlanish va voqea (My pocket was empty!). 2-paragraf rivoj: uchta harakat At first, Then, After that bilan tartiblangan. 3-paragraf burilish (Suddenly) va yakun (In the end). Past Perfect ikki marta ishlatilgan: had left, had taken, chunki bu ishlar bozordagi voqeadan oldin bo‘lgan.
2-namuna (B1): The Knock at Midnight
It was the last night of our winter holiday, and my brother and I were staying at our grandparents’ house in a small village near Samarkand. The electricity had gone off at about nine, so we were sitting by the stove and listening to Grandpa’s stories.
Just after midnight, someone knocked on the door. Three loud knocks. Nobody moved. “Who could it be at this time?” my grandmother whispered. My brother, who had watched too many horror films, hid under a blanket.
Grandpa took a torch and walked slowly to the door. When he opened it, a cold wind blew into the room. A young man was standing outside, shaking with cold. His car had broken down on the road, his phone was dead, and our candle was the only light he could see.
Grandpa invited him in without a second thought. Grandma made tea, and the man slept on our sofa. In the morning, Grandpa and a neighbour pulled his car to the next village with a tractor.
I still remember that night. I had expected something terrible, but it turned out to be a lesson in kindness. (189 so‘z)
Tahlil. Fon Past Continuous bilan quriladi (were staying, were sitting), shuning uchun o‘quvchi sahnani "ko‘radi". Qisqa gaplar (Three loud knocks. Nobody moved.) keskinlikni oshiradi: B1 darajada gap uzunligini ataylab o‘zgartirish yaxshi usul. To‘g‘ri gap ("Who could it be…?" my grandmother whispered) hikoyani jonli qiladi. Oxirgi gap saboqni aytadi, lekin nasihat qilmaydi.
Hikoyani buzadigan zamon va gap xatolari
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Nima uchun |
|---|---|---|
| Yesterday I was go to the park. | Yesterday I went to the park. | "bordim" = went; was qo‘shilmaydi |
| When I was open the door, I saw a man. | When I opened the door, I saw a man. | qisqa, bir martalik harakat Past Simple |
| He opened the door and he see a dog. | He opened the door and saw a dog. | hikoya o‘rtasida zamon o‘zgarmaydi |
| I had went home. | I had gone home. | Past Perfect’da uchinchi shakl: gone |
| I saw man in the street. | I saw a man in the street. | birinchi marta tilga olingan odamga a |
| And then… and then… and then… | At first…, After that…, A moment later… | bog‘lovchilarni almashtiring |
"Edi" qo‘shimchasini tarjima qilish odati birinchi xatoga olib keladi: o‘zbekcha "borgan edim" ham, "bordim" ham ko‘pincha oddiy went bo‘ladi. Was/were faqat -ing bilan (was going) yoki sifat/ot bilan (was tired) keladi.
To‘ldiriladigan reja
O‘z hikoyangizni yozishdan oldin shu rejani daftarga ko‘chirib to‘ldiring. Har bir qatorga inglizcha 1–2 gap yetarli.
- Sarlavha: The ___
- Boshlanish: Last ___, I was ___ in ___. It was ___ and ___ was ___ing.
- Voqea: Suddenly / One moment ___.
- Rivoj: At first I ___. Then ___. After that ___.
- Eng qiziq nuqta: To my surprise / Luckily ___.
- Oldin bo‘lgan ish (Past Perfect): I realised that ___ had ___.
- Yakun: In the end ___. I felt ___ because ___.
Yozib bo‘lgach, tekshiring: hamma fe’l o‘tgan zamondami, kamida bitta Past Continuous va bitta Past Perfect bormi, bog‘lovchilar takrorlanmayaptimi, yakunda his-tuyg‘u yoki saboq bormi.
Mashq: fe’lning to‘g‘ri shakli va bog‘lovchi
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri zamonga qo‘ying.
1. It ___ (rain) when we left the house.
2. I ___ (find) my keys under the sofa.
3. When we arrived at the station, the train ___ already ___ (leave).
4. While Aziz ___ (cook) dinner, the lights went out.
5. She ___ (not / see) the message until the next morning.
6. They were tired because they ___ (walk) for five hours.
B. Bog‘lovchini tanlang: suddenly, in the end, while, as soon as.
7. ___ I heard the news, I called my mother.
8. We waited for two hours. ___ we went home without the tickets.
9. ___ I was reading, the cat jumped on the table.
10. Everything was quiet. ___ the dog started barking.
Javoblar
1. was raining (fon, davom etayotgan holat). 2. found (bir martalik voqea). 3. had … left (poyezd biz kelishimizdan oldin ketgan). 4. was cooking (uzun ish, uni qisqa voqea bo‘ldi). 5. didn’t see (o‘tgan zamon inkori: didn’t + fe’l). 6. had walked (charchashdan oldin bo‘lgan ish).
7. As soon as (darhol keyin). 8. In the end (butun voqeaning natijasi). 9. While (bir vaqtda davom etgan ish). 10. Suddenly (kutilmagan burilish).
Yozishdan oldin hikoyani ovoz chiqarib ayting
Ko‘p o‘quvchi uchun hikoyani avval og‘zaki aytib olish yozishni ancha osonlashtiradi: gaplar tartibi tayyor bo‘ladi, qolgani ularni qog‘ozga tushirish. BandMate ilovasida hikoyangizni Bandiga aytib berasiz, u What happened next? yoki How did you feel? kabi savollar bilan qaysi qism yetishmayotganini ko‘rsatadi. Ilova izohlari mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
Bugungi qadam: rejani to‘ldiring, 120–150 so‘zlik hikoya yozing va xatolar jadvali bo‘yicha o‘zingiz tekshiring.
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