Qisqa mazmun (summary) — asarning asosiy fikri va eng muhim voqealari, o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan, present simple zamonida va asl matndan ancha qisqa qilib yozilgan bayoni. Unda dialog, mayda tafsilot va sizning fikringiz bo‘lmaydi. Eng oddiy formula beshta savol: Who? → What did they want? → What went wrong? → What happened next? → How does it end? Oxiriga bitta gap bilan asosiy fikrni qo‘shasiz.
Quyida 4 qadamli usul, ikki to‘liq namuna (Aesop masali va Afandi latifasi), kitobni uch gapga sig‘dirish namunasi, iboralar, xatolar va mashq bor. Ertaklar o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan qayta aytilgan.
Summary, retelling va review: farqi nimada
| Summary (qisqa mazmun) | Retelling (qayta hikoya) | Review (sharh) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uzunligi | asl matndan ancha qisqa, ko‘pincha chorak qismi yoki undan kam | deyarli asl matndek | istalgancha |
| Sizning fikringiz | yo‘q | yo‘q | bor, asosiy qism |
| Zamon | present simple | ko‘pincha past simple | aralash |
Maktabda "qisqa mazmunini yozing" desa, birinchi ustun kerak. Kitob haqida fikr bildirish esa review, uning iboralari my favourite book sahifasida.
4 qadam: ertakdan qisqa mazmungacha (15–20 daqiqa)
1-qadam. O‘qing va to‘rt savolga javob bering (5 daqiqa). Kim? Qayerda? Muammo nima? Qanday tugadi? Kitobni yopib, shu savollarga o‘zbekcha javob bering. Javob chiqmasa, qayta o‘qing.
2-qadam. SWBST jadvalini to‘ldiring (3 daqiqa). Keng tarqalgan usul: Somebody (kim), Wanted (nimani xohladi), But (qanday to‘siq chiqdi), So (nima qildi yoki nima bo‘ldi), Then (qanday tugadi). Har bir qatorga 3–6 so‘zli eslatma yozing, to‘liq gap emas.
3-qadam. Eslatmadan gap tuzing (7 daqiqa). Asl matnga qaramang. Har bir eslatma bitta gapga aylanadi, ularni At the beginning, Then, But, So, In the end bilan bog‘laysiz. Oxiriga asosiy fikrni qo‘shasiz: The main idea is that…
4-qadam. Tekshiring (3 daqiqa). So‘zlarni sanang, hamma fe’l present simple da ekanini, qo‘shtirnoqli dialog va I think kirib qolmaganini tekshiring.
1-namuna (A2): The Lion and the Mouse
Aesop masali, o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan:
A lion was sleeping under a tree when a little mouse ran across his face. The lion woke up, caught the mouse with his huge paw and opened his mouth to eat it. "Please let me go," cried the mouse. "One day I will help you." The lion laughed. How could a tiny mouse help the king of animals? But he wasn’t hungry, so he let the mouse go. A few days later, hunters caught the lion in a strong net. He roared and pulled, but he couldn’t escape. The mouse heard him, ran to the net and bit through the ropes one by one. Soon the lion was free. "You laughed at me," said the mouse, "but now you see that small friends can help too." (127 so‘z)
SWBST eslatmalari:
| Savol | Eslatma |
|---|---|
| Somebody | a lion, a little mouse |
| Wanted | lion: eat the mouse; mouse: stay alive |
| But | mouse promises help, lion laughs, lets it go |
| So | later hunters catch the lion in a net |
| Then | mouse bites the ropes, lion is free |
Qisqa mazmun (62 so‘z): This fable is about a lion and a mouse. The lion catches the mouse but lets it go, although he laughs at its promise to help him one day. Later, hunters catch the lion in a net. The mouse hears him, bites through the ropes and saves him. The main idea is that even small and weak friends can be very useful.
Tarjimasi. Bu masal sher va sichqon haqida. Sher sichqonni tutib oladi, lekin bir kun yordam beraman degan va’dasi ustidan kulsa ham, uni qo‘yib yuboradi. Keyinroq ovchilar sherni to‘rga ilintiradi. Sichqon uning ovozini eshitib, arqonlarni kemirib uzadi va uni qutqaradi. Asosiy fikr: kichik va zaif do‘stlar ham juda foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.
E’tibor bering: asl matndagi uchta replika qisqa mazmunga kirmadi, ularning ma’nosi bitta ibora bilan berildi: its promise to help him. Ertak past simple da, qisqa mazmun esa present simple da.
2-namuna (B1): Afandi and the Pot
Nasriddin Afandi haqidagi xalq latifasi, o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan:
One day Afandi borrowed a large cooking pot from his neighbour. A few days later he brought it back with a small pot inside it. "What is this?" asked the neighbour. "Good news," said Afandi. "While your pot was at my house, it gave birth to a baby pot." The neighbour thought Afandi was a fool, but he happily took both pots. Some weeks later Afandi borrowed the big pot again, and this time he didn’t return it. At last the neighbour came to ask for it. "I’m sorry," Afandi said sadly, "your pot has died." "Died?" shouted the neighbour. "How can a pot die?" Afandi answered calmly, "You believed that your pot could give birth. Why can’t you believe that it can die?" (124 so‘z)
SWBST eslatmalari:
| Savol | Eslatma |
|---|---|
| Somebody | Afandi, his greedy neighbour |
| Wanted | neighbour: get something for free |
| But | Afandi says the pot "gave birth"; neighbour happily agrees |
| So | Afandi keeps the pot, says it "died" |
| Then | neighbour protests, Afandi uses his own logic |
Qisqa mazmun (64 so‘z): In this folk story, Afandi borrows a pot from his neighbour and returns it with a small one, saying that the pot has given birth. The greedy neighbour happily accepts this. Later Afandi keeps the pot and says that it has died. When the neighbour protests, Afandi reminds him that he believed the first story. The story shows that greed makes people accept nonsense.
Tarjimasi. Bu xalq latifasida Afandi qo‘shnisidan qozon olib, uni kichik qozoncha bilan qaytaradi va qozon tug‘di, deydi. Ochko‘z qo‘shni buni mamnuniyat bilan qabul qiladi. Keyinroq Afandi qozonni qaytarmaydi va qozon o‘ldi, deydi. Qo‘shni e’tiroz bildirganda, Afandi unga birinchi gapga ishonganini eslatadi. Latifa ochko‘zlik odamni bema’ni gapga ham ishontirishini ko‘rsatadi.
E’tibor bering: B1 darajada asosiy fikr matnda ochiq aytilmaydi, uni o‘zingiz topasiz: latifa qozon haqida emas, ochko‘zlik (greed) haqida. Ko‘chirma gaplar saying that… bilan o‘zlashtirma gapga aylandi.
Qisqa mazmun uchun 8 ta ibora
| Ibora | Tarjima |
|---|---|
| The story / fable is about… | Hikoya / masal … haqida |
| The main character is… | Bosh qahramon — … |
| At the beginning, … | Boshida … |
| As a result, … | Natijada … |
| In the end, … | Oxir-oqibat … |
| The main idea is that… | Asosiy fikr shuki, … |
| The moral of the story is… | Ertakning ibrati — … |
| The story shows that… | Hikoya … ni ko‘rsatadi |
In the end (oxir-oqibat) va at the end of (… ning oxirida) ni adashtirmang: In the end, the lion is free. / At the end of the story, the lion is free.
Kitob bo‘lsa-chi: katta asarni 3 gapga sig‘dirish
Kitobda ham usul o‘sha, faqat avval har bob uchun bitta gap yozasiz, keyin gaplarni birlashtirib, eng muhimlarini qoldirasiz. Namuna, Robert Louis Stevensonning Treasure Island romani (1883) bo‘yicha, o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan:
Treasure Island is about Jim Hawkins, a boy who finds an old pirate’s map of an island with hidden treasure. Jim sails to the island with a group of adults, but many of the sailors are pirates led by the ship’s cook, Long John Silver, and they want the treasure for themselves. After a long and dangerous struggle, Jim and his friends win and take the treasure home, while Silver escapes.
Bu uch gapda kemaning nomi ham, janglarning tafsiloti ham yo‘q, lekin kitobni o‘qimagan odam ham asar nima haqida ekanini tushunadi.
Qisqa mazmunni buzadigan 6 xato
| Xato | Nima qilish kerak |
|---|---|
| Asl matndan butun gaplarni ko‘chirish | Kitobni yopib, eslatmadan yozing |
| Dialogni qo‘shtirnoq bilan berish | Ma’nosini bitta ibora bilan bering: the mouse promises to help |
| Zamonlarni aralashtirish: The lion catches the mouse and let it go. | Butun matn present simple da: catches… lets |
| O‘z fikrini qo‘shish: I think the lion is stupid. | Fikr sharhga kerak, qisqa mazmunga emas |
| In this story tells about a lion. | This story is about a lion. / The story tells how… |
Oxirgi xato "Bu ertakda … haqida hikoya qilinadi" gapini so‘zma-so‘z o‘girishdan chiqadi: ingliz tilida gapning egasi bo‘lishi shart.
Og‘zaki qisqa mazmun: ertakni 1 daqiqada aytib berish
Og‘zaki variantda uch qism yetarli: kim va nima haqida, asosiy voqealar, ibrat. Yozma matnni yodlab aytmang.
Namuna: So, this is a short fable by Aesop about a lion and a mouse. Basically, the lion catches the mouse, but the mouse begs for its life and promises to help him one day. The lion thinks that’s really funny, but he lets it go anyway. Then a few days later the lion gets trapped in a hunter’s net, and guess who saves him? The little mouse, who chews through the ropes. So the message is: don’t judge anyone by their size, because anyone can help you.
Voqeani o‘zingiz o‘ylab topib yozmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, bu boshqa ko‘nikma: reja va zamonlar ingliz tilida hikoya yozish sahifasida.
Mashq: eng yaxshi qisqa mazmunni tanlang va xatolarni tuzating
A. Aesop masalini o‘qing (o‘z so‘zlarimiz bilan):
A crow found a piece of cheese and flew up to a branch to eat it. A fox saw her and wanted the cheese. "What a beautiful bird you are," said the fox. "I’m sure your voice is beautiful too. Please sing for me!" The crow was so pleased that she opened her beak to sing, and the cheese fell down. The fox caught it and ran away, laughing.
1. Qaysi biri eng yaxshi qisqa mazmun?
- a) A crow found some cheese. She flew to a branch. A fox came. He said, "What a beautiful bird you are." The crow opened her beak and the cheese fell.
- b) A fox tricks a crow with flattery: he praises her voice, she starts to sing and drops her cheese, and he takes it. The fable shows that we should not trust people who praise us to get something.
- c) I think the crow is very silly and the fox is clever. I liked this fable because it is funny.
B. Xatoni tuzating.
2. In this fable tells about a fox.
3. The fox praises the crow and she drop the cheese.
4. At the end, the fox runs away with the cheese.
5. The mouse said: "I will help you." (qisqa mazmunga moslab qayta yozing)
C. 6. "The Lion and the Mouse" masalining asosiy fikrini bitta gapda, o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan yozing.
Javoblar
1. b (a — ko‘chirma va dialog; c — faqat fikr, ya’ni sharh) 2. This fable is about a fox. 3. …and she drops the cheese. 4. In the end, the fox runs away with the cheese. 5. The mouse promises to help the lion. 6. Namuna: Kindness to someone small can come back to you. (boshqa variantlar ham to‘g‘ri)
Yana mashq qilish uchun matn kerak bo‘lsa, inglizcha ertaklar tarjimasi bilan sahifasidagi ertaklardan birini oling va shu 4 qadam bilan qisqa mazmun yozing.
Ertakni Bandi’ga qisqa qilib aytib bering
Qisqa mazmun IELTS Reading’dagi summary completion topshirig‘ining ham asosi: ikkalasida ham asosiy fikrni tafsilotdan ajratish kerak. Og‘zaki mashq uchun BandMate ilovasida Bandi’ga o‘qigan ertak yoki kitobingizni bir daqiqada aytib bering: u What’s the main idea? yoki Why did the character do that? deb qo‘shimcha savol beradi. Suhbatdan keyin grammatika va talaffuz bo‘yicha izoh chiqadi; u mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
Bugungi qadam: bolaligingizda eshitgan bitta ertakni tanlang, SWBST jadvalini to‘ldiring va 50–60 so‘zli qisqa mazmun yozing. Keyin uni daftarga qaramasdan ovoz chiqarib ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
