Modal fe’ldan keyin fe’l doim birinchi shaklda, to siz keladi (can go, must go; faqat have to va ought to da to bor), va modal -s olmaydi. Qaysi modal nimani bildirishi (qobiliyat, ruxsat, majburiyat, maslahat, ehtimol) va o‘tmishdagi shakllari modal fe’llar jadvali sahifasida bitta jadvalda berilgan.
Bu sahifada 30 ta topshiriq bor. Ularning ko‘pida grammatik jihatdan ikkala variant ham to‘g‘ri, lekin vaziyatga faqat bittasi mos keladi. Shuning uchun har bir gapni o‘qiyotganda avval o‘zingizdan so‘rang: bu yerda odam nima demoqchi — ruxsat so‘rayaptimi, maslahat beryaptimi yoki taxmin qilyaptimi?
1-bosqich: ikki variantdan birini tanlang (1–8)
- 1. My grandfather is 80, but he ___ still read without glasses. (can / must)
- 2. You ___ bring your passport to the bank, or they won’t open an account for you. (have to / might)
- 3. You ___ pay for the metro in cash; a bank card works too. (don’t have to / mustn’t)
- 4. Take a jacket. It ___ get cold in the mountains in the evening. (might / should)
- 5. I ___ swim when I was five, but now I’ve forgotten how. (could / can)
- 6. You ___ eat so many sweets; they’re bad for your teeth. (shouldn’t / couldn’t)
- 7. ___ you speak a bit more slowly, please? (Could / Must)
- 8. Sorry, I ___ come to your birthday party; I have an exam that day. (can’t / mustn’t)
2-bosqich: vaziyatga mos modalni o‘zingiz yozing (9–16)
Variant berilmagan. can, can’t, must, mustn’t, should, might, have to, don’t have to, had to dan birini tanlang.
- 9. Doctor to a patient: “You ___ stay in bed for three days.”
- 10. A sign in the metro: “Passengers ___ lean on the doors.”
- 11. Your friend: “I’ve got a terrible headache.” You: “You ___ take a break from the screen.”
- 12. “Is that Kamola’s car?” “It ___ be. She sold her car last year.”
- 13. “Where’s Timur?” “I’m not sure. He ___ be at the gym.”
- 14. Tomorrow is a public holiday, so we ___ go to work.
- 15. When my father was young, he ___ walk five kilometres to school every day.
- 16. “Look, all the lights are on in their house. They ___ be at home.”
3-bosqich: muloyimlik darajasi (17–23)
A. Vaziyatga eng mos variantni tanlang.
- 17. Ukangizga, dasturxon atrofida: “___ pass me the bread?” (a) Can you (b) Would you be so kind as to
- 18. Universitetning qabul bo‘limiga email: “___ send me information about the entrance exams?” (a) Send me (b) Can you (c) Could you please
- 19. Metroda notanish odamga: “Excuse me, ___ tell me which exit goes to Amir Temur Square?” (a) you must (b) could you (c) you should
- 20. Do‘konda sotuvchiga: “___ I try this jacket on?” (a) Can (b) May (c) Must
B. Gapni muloyimroq qilib qayta yozing.
- 21. Kafeda ofitsiantga: Give me the menu.
- 22. Avtobusda yoningizdagi odamga: Open the window.
- 23. Rahbaringizga: I want to leave early today.
4-bosqich: o‘tmish va aralash shakllar (24–30)
Qavs ichidagi so‘zlardan to‘g‘ri shakl yasang.
- 24. I ___ (should / study) harder. Now I have to retake the test.
- 25. Kamola isn’t answering. She ___ (might / leave) her phone at home.
- 26. The streets are wet. It ___ (must / rain) in the night.
- 27. You ___ (not need / buy) bread. We already had two loaves at home.
- 28. Last year I ___ (not / can) understand films in English, but now I ___ (can).
- 29. Since I moved to Chirchiq, I ___ (have to) take two buses to get to work.
- 30. He ___ (could / call) us. Why didn’t he?
Javoblar
1-bosqich
- 1. can — hozirgi qobiliyat.
- 2. have to — bankning talabi, tashqi majburiyat.
- 3. don’t have to — naqd to‘lash shart emas, lekin taqiqlanmagan. Mustn’t “mumkin emas” degani bo‘lardi.
- 4. might — ehtimol. Should bu yerda “kerak” ma’nosini beradi va gap g‘alati eshitiladi.
- 5. could — o‘tmishdagi umumiy qobiliyat.
- 6. shouldn’t — maslahat.
- 7. Could — muloyim iltimos. Must you…? esa norozilik bildiradi: “Shunaqa qilishingiz shartmi?”
- 8. can’t — imkoniyat yo‘q. Mustn’t taqiq bo‘lardi, go‘yo kimdir kelishni man qilgan.
2-bosqich
- 9. should yoki must — ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri. Must shifokorning qat’iy ko‘rsatmasi, should yumshoqroq maslahat.
- 10. mustn’t — qoida bo‘yicha taqiq. Yozuvlarda must not ham uchraydi.
- 11. should — do‘stona maslahat. Must bu yerda buyruqdek eshitiladi.
- 12. can’t — mantiqan mumkin emas. Mustn’t be xulosa uchun ishlatilmaydi.
- 13. might (yoki may, could) — aniq bilmayman.
- 14. don’t have to — ishlash shart emas.
- 15. had to — must ning o‘tgan zamoni yo‘q, uning o‘rniga had to.
- 16. must — dalilga asoslangan qat’iy xulosa.
3-bosqich
- 17. (a) Can you — oilada, kichikka would you be so kind as to juda rasmiy va hatto kinoyadek eshitiladi.
- 18. (c) Could you please — rasmiy xatda. Yana rasmiyroq: I would be grateful if you could send me… Tanimagan muassasaga buyruq shaklida (Send me) yozish qo‘pol.
- 19. (b) could you — notanish odamga muloyim savol. Could you tell me which exit… dan keyin so‘z tartibi darak gapdagidek.
- 20. (a) Can yoki (b) May — ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri; May I biroz rasmiyroq.
- 21. Could I have the menu, please? yoki Can I see the menu, please? — so‘rovni o‘zingizdan boshlash (Could I have…) buyruqdan ancha yumshoq.
- 22. Would you mind opening the window? yoki Could you open the window, please? — would you mind dan keyin fe’l -ing bilan.
- 23. Would it be possible for me to leave early today? yoki Could I leave a bit earlier today? — I want rahbarga talabdek eshitiladi. O‘zbekchada “ketmoqchi edim” yumshoq, inglizchada esa I want yumshoq emas.
4-bosqich
- 24. should have studied — o‘tmishdagi afsus: kerak edi, lekin qilmadim.
- 25. might have left — o‘tmish haqida taxmin.
- 26. must have rained — o‘tmish haqida qat’iy xulosa (ko‘cha ho‘l).
- 27. didn’t need to buy yoki needn’t have bought — needn’t have bought “sotib olibsan, lekin kerak emas edi” degan ma’noni aniqroq beradi.
- 28. couldn’t … can — can ning o‘tgan zamoni could.
- 29. have had to — since bilan Present Perfect: have to ning Perfect shakli have had to. G‘alati ko‘rinsa ham, to‘g‘ri.
- 30. could have called — imkoni bor edi, lekin qilmadi.
Ballingiz va qaysi ma’noni takrorlash kerak
| Ball | Holat | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 27–30 | Modal tanlash tabiiy | Og‘zaki mashqqa o‘ting |
| 20–26 | Ma’no bor, o‘tmish shakllari qiyin | 4-bosqichni qayta ishlang, modal fe’llar jadvalidagi “O‘tmishda” ustunini yodlang |
| 12–19 | Must, have to, should chalkash | Must, have to, should farqi sahifasini o‘qing |
| 0–11 | Asos kerak | Jadvalni boshidan o‘qing, keyin 1-bosqichdan boshlang |
3 va 14-savollarda xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, don’t have to va needn’t farqi need, needn’t, don’t have to sahifasida alohida tushuntirilgan. 12, 13 va 25-savollardagi taxmin ma’nosi uchun may va might sahifasini oching.
Muloyim iltimosni ovoz chiqarib: Bandi bilan rolli suhbat
3-bosqichdagi farq yozuvda ko‘rinadi, lekin haqiqiy suhbatda ohang ham qo‘shiladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kafeda buyurtma berish, rahbardan ruxsat so‘rash yoki shifokorga murojaat qilish kabi vaziyatlarni ovozli suhbatda mashq qilishingiz mumkin; ilova gapingizni muloyimroq aytish yo‘lini taklif qiladi. Bugun 21–23-savollardagi uchta iltimosni ovoz chiqarib, har birini ikki xil muloyimlik darajasida ayting.
