Ingliz tilida fe’llar jadvali: 100 fe’l, 3 shakli va tarjimasi

Har bir inglizcha fe’lning to‘rtta asosiy shakli bor: V1 (lug‘atdagi shakl: go), V2 (o‘tgan zamon: went), V3 (uchinchi shakl, past participle: gone) va -ing shakli (going). Oddiy (regular) fe’llarda V2 va V3 -ed bilan yasaladi (cook — cooked — cooked). Noto‘g‘ri (irregular) fe’llarda esa ularni yodlash kerak.

Quyidagi jadvalda kundalik nutqda eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladigan 100 ta fe’l mavzu bo‘yicha 7 guruhga ajratilgan: harakat, kundalik ishlar, olish-berish, fikr va his, muloqot, sezgi, o‘qish va ish. Har bir fe’lning to‘rt shakli, tarjimasi va qisqa birikmasi berilgan. Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar qalin harf bilan belgilangan.

Qaysi shakl qayerda ishlatiladi

Shakl	Qayerda kerak	Misol
V1	Present Simple, buyruq gap, modal fe’l va to dan keyin, did bilan savol va inkorda	I cook. Can you cook? Did you cook?
V2	Past Simple, faqat darak gapda	I cooked plov yesterday.
V3	Present Perfect, Past Perfect, majhul nisbat	I have cooked. It was cooked.
-ing	davomli zamonlar, gerund	I’m cooking. I like cooking.

Eng ko‘p uchraydigan xato V2 ni did dan keyin ishlatish: Did you went? emas, Did you go? Shuningdek, V3 have siz yoki be siz yolg‘iz turmaydi: I seen it emas, I’ve seen it yoki I saw it. V3 ning qayerda ishlatilishi Present Perfect sahifasida batafsil tushuntirilgan.

-ing yasashning 4 ta imlo qoidasi

Ko‘p fe’llarga shunchaki -ing qo‘shiladi: work → working, see → seeing, play → playing, study → studying.
Oxiridagi o‘qilmaydigan -e tushadi: make → making, write → writing, drive → driving. Lekin -ee saqlanadi: agree → agreeing, see → seeing.
Qisqa urg‘uli bo‘g‘in “unli + undosh” bilan tugasa, undosh ikkilanadi: run → running, stop → stopping, begin → beginning, forget → forgetting. Urg‘u oxirgi bo‘g‘inda bo‘lmasa, ikkilanmaydi: open → opening, listen → listening, answer → answering.
-ie → -ying: lie → lying, die → dying.

Britaniya imlosida travel → travelling, Amerika imlosida traveling. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri. -ed qo‘shishning imlo qoidalari (study → studied, stop → stopped) regular va irregular verbs sahifasida.

1. Harakat va joy (15 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
go	went	gone	going	bormoq	go to work
come	came	come	coming	kelmoq	come home
walk	walked	walked	walking	piyoda yurmoq	walk to school
run	ran	run	running	yugurmoq	run in the park
drive	drove	driven	driving	haydamoq	drive a car
ride	rode	ridden	riding	minmoq (velosiped, ot)	ride a bike
fly	flew	flown	flying	uchmoq	fly to Istanbul
leave	left	left	leaving	ketmoq; qoldirmoq	leave home at eight
arrive	arrived	arrived	arriving	yetib kelmoq	arrive in Tashkent
return	returned	returned	returning	qaytmoq	return from Bukhara
stay	stayed	stayed	staying	qolmoq, turmoq	stay at a hotel
sit	sat	sat	sitting	o‘tirmoq	sit by the window
stand	stood	stood	standing	tik turmoq	stand in a queue
fall	fell	fallen	falling	yiqilmoq, tushmoq	fall asleep
climb	climbed	climbed	climbing	tirmashib chiqmoq	climb a mountain

2. Kundalik ishlar (21 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
wake	woke	woken	waking	uyg‘onmoq	wake up early
sleep	slept	slept	sleeping	uxlamoq	sleep well
eat	ate	eaten	eating	yemoq	eat breakfast
drink	drank	drunk	drinking	ichmoq	drink green tea
cook	cooked	cooked	cooking	pishirmoq	cook plov
wash	washed	washed	washing	yuvmoq	wash the dishes
clean	cleaned	cleaned	cleaning	tozalamoq	clean the room
wear	wore	worn	wearing	kiyib yurmoq	wear glasses
put	put	put	putting	qo‘ymoq	put on a coat
open	opened	opened	opening	ochmoq	open the window
close	closed	closed	closing	yopmoq	close the door
cut	cut	cut	cutting	kesmoq	cut the bread
make	made	made	making	yasamoq, tayyorlamoq	make tea
do	did	done	doing	qilmoq, bajarmoq	do homework
have	had	had	having	ega bo‘lmoq; yemoq	have lunch
live	lived	lived	living	yashamoq	live in Fergana
use	used	used	using	ishlatmoq	use a phone
wait	waited	waited	waiting	kutmoq	wait for a bus
carry	carried	carried	carrying	ko‘tarib yurmoq	carry a bag
break	broke	broken	breaking	sindirmoq	break a cup
play	played	played	playing	o‘ynamoq; chalmoq	play football

3. Olish-berish va pul (13 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
buy	bought	bought	buying	sotib olmoq	buy vegetables
sell	sold	sold	selling	sotmoq	sell a car
pay	paid	paid	paying	to‘lamoq	pay by card
spend	spent	spent	spending	sarflamoq; o‘tkazmoq	spend money, spend time
cost	cost	cost	costing	turmoq (narxi)	It costs 20,000 soums.
give	gave	given	giving	bermoq	give a present
take	took	taken	taking	olmoq; olib ketmoq	take a taxi
bring	brought	brought	bringing	olib kelmoq	bring your passport
send	sent	sent	sending	yubormoq	send a message
get	got	got (AQSh: gotten)	getting	olmoq; bo‘lib qolmoq	get a visa
find	found	found	finding	topmoq	find a job
lose	lost	lost	losing	yo‘qotmoq; yutqazmoq	lose your keys
keep	kept	kept	keeping	saqlamoq	keep the receipt

4. Fikr va his (15 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
think	thought	thought	thinking	o‘ylamoq	think about the future
know	knew	known	knowing	bilmoq	know the answer
understand	understood	understood	understanding	tushunmoq	understand the rule
remember	remembered	remembered	remembering	eslamoq, esda tutmoq	remember a name
forget	forgot	forgotten	forgetting	unutmoq	forget a password
believe	believed	believed	believing	ishonmoq	believe in yourself
mean	meant	meant	meaning	anglatmoq, nazarda tutmoq	What does it mean?
feel	felt	felt	feeling	his qilmoq	feel tired
like	liked	liked	liking	yoqtirmoq	like music
love	loved	loved	loving	sevmoq	love your family
hate	hated	hated	hating	yomon ko‘rmoq	hate waiting
want	wanted	wanted	wanting	xohlamoq	want a coffee
need	needed	needed	needing	kerak bo‘lmoq	need help
hope	hoped	hoped	hoping	umid qilmoq	hope to win
decide	decided	decided	deciding	qaror qilmoq	decide to leave

know, understand, believe, like, want, need holat fe’llari: ular davomli zamonda deyarli ishlatilmaydi (I’m knowing emas, I know). Ularning -ing shakli asosan gerund sifatida uchraydi: Knowing English helps at work.

5. Muloqot (15 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
say	said	said	saying	aytmoq	say hello
tell	told	told	telling	aytib bermoq	tell a story
speak	spoke	spoken	speaking	gapirmoq	speak English
talk	talked	talked	talking	suhbatlashmoq	talk to a friend
ask	asked	asked	asking	so‘ramoq	ask a question
answer	answered	answered	answering	javob bermoq	answer the phone
call	called	called	calling	qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoq; chaqirmoq	call your mum
write	wrote	written	writing	yozmoq	write an email
read	read	read	reading	o‘qimoq	read a book
explain	explained	explained	explaining	tushuntirmoq	explain the problem
show	showed	shown	showing	ko‘rsatmoq	show the way
agree	agreed	agreed	agreeing	rozi bo‘lmoq	agree with you
meet	met	met	meeting	uchrashmoq, tanishmoq	meet a friend
invite	invited	invited	inviting	taklif qilmoq	invite guests
thank	thanked	thanked	thanking	rahmat aytmoq	thank the teacher

read uchala shaklda bir xil yoziladi, lekin boshqacha o‘qiladi: /riːd/ — /red/ — /red/. say va tell farqi: say something, lekin tell someone something (He told me the news).

6. Sezgi (5 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
see	saw	seen	seeing	ko‘rmoq	see a doctor
hear	heard	heard	hearing	eshitmoq	hear a noise
look	looked	looked	looking	qaramoq	look at the board
watch	watched	watched	watching	tomosha qilmoq	watch a film
listen	listened	listened	listening	tinglamoq	listen to music

7. O‘qish, ish va o‘zgarish (16 ta)

V1	V2	V3	-ing	Tarjima	Birikma
learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt	learning	o‘rganmoq	learn new words
study	studied	studied	studying	o‘qimoq, o‘rganmoq	study law
teach	taught	taught	teaching	o‘rgatmoq, dars bermoq	teach children
work	worked	worked	working	ishlamoq	work from home
try	tried	tried	trying	urinmoq; tatib ko‘rmoq	try again
help	helped	helped	helping	yordam bermoq	help a neighbour
start	started	started	starting	boshlamoq	start work
begin	began	begun	beginning	boshlamoq	begin a lesson
finish	finished	finished	finishing	tugatmoq	finish a project
stop	stopped	stopped	stopping	to‘xtamoq, to‘xtatmoq	stop the car
build	built	built	building	qurmoq	build a house
win	won	won	winning	yutmoq	win a match
choose	chose	chosen	choosing	tanlamoq	choose a university
become	became	become	becoming	bo‘lmoq, aylanmoq	become a doctor
change	changed	changed	changing	o‘zgartirmoq	change your plans
grow	grew	grown	growing	o‘smoq; yetishtirmoq	grow tomatoes

learnt shakli Britaniyada uchraydi, learned esa hamma joyda to‘g‘ri. study va learn farqi: study — o‘qish jarayoni (I study at university), learn — bilim yoki ko‘nikmani egallash (I learned to swim).

100 fe’lni qanday yodlash kerak

Kuniga bitta guruh. Yetti kunda butun jadval bir marta o‘tiladi. Keyingi haftada takrorlang.
Uch shaklni ritm bilan ovoz chiqarib ayting, xuddi sanoqdek: drink — drank — drunk, write — wrote — written. Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning o‘xshash naqshlari (i — a — u, -ought) bo‘yicha guruhlari irregular verbs sahifasida.
Har fe’l bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda uchta gap tuzing: V2 bilan kecha haqida, V3 bilan tajriba haqida, -ing bilan hozir haqida. Masalan: I cooked plov on Sunday. I’ve never cooked lagman. I’m cooking now.
Test bilan tekshiring: o‘zingizni sinash uchun noto‘g‘ri fe’llar testi bor.

Mashq: qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklga qo‘ying

1. I ___ (buy) a new phone yesterday.
2. Have you ever ___ (eat) sumalak?
3. She is ___ (write) a letter to her grandmother now.
4. They ___ (not / come) to the party last night.
5. This house was ___ (build) by my grandfather.
6. We have ___ (know) each other since school.
7. Mr Aliyev ___ (teach) maths at our school for ten years.
8. Look! Somebody is ___ (sit) in your seat.
9. Who ___ (choose) this restaurant?
10. My keys were ___ (find) under the sofa.
11. I’m sorry, I’ve ___ (forget) your name.
12. Stop ___ (run)! The floor is wet.

Javoblar

1. bought — V2, yesterday.
2. eaten — V3, Present Perfect (have ever).
3. writing — -ing, e tushadi.
4. didn’t come — did dan keyin V1.
5. built — V3, majhul nisbat.
6. known — V3, Present Perfect.
7. taught — V2 (endi o‘qitmasa) yoki has taught (hali ham o‘qitsa).
8. sitting — -ing, t ikkilanadi.
9. chose — V2.
10. found — V3, majhul nisbat.
11. forgotten — V3, Present Perfect; imlosida tt bor.
12. running — -ing, n ikkilanadi. stop dan keyin -ing shakli keladi, bu gerund; stop va to farqi gerund va infinitive sahifasida.

10 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, jadvaldagi asosiy shakllarni bilasiz. Xato qilgan fe’llaringizni alohida kartochkaga yozing va ertaga birinchi navbatda shularni takrorlang.

Fe’l shakllarini gapirib mustahkamlash: Bandi bilan “kecha nima qildingiz?”

Jadvaldan yodlagan V2 shakli suhbatda tez esga tushishi uchun uni ko‘p ishlatish kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kechagi kuningiz yoki o‘tgan dam olish kuningiz haqida gaplashing: har bir javobda kamida uchta noto‘g‘ri fe’l ishlating (went, bought, saw, ate). Keyin hayotingizdagi tajribalar haqida gaplashib, V3 ni I’ve been, I’ve seen, I’ve never tried qoliplarida mashq qiling.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling