Noto‘g‘ri (irregular) fe’llar o‘tgan zamonda -ed olmaydi: 2-shakl (V2) darak gapdagi o‘tgan zamonda (I went), 3-shakl (V3) esa have/has/had dan keyin va passive’da (I have gone, it was built) ishlatiladi, did dan keyin esa doim 1-shakl qaytadi (Did you go?). Fe’llarning naqshlar bo‘yicha jadvali va ular ishlatilgan hikoya irregular verbs o‘zbekcha sahifasida.
Bu test kundalik nutqda eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladigan 60 ta fe’lni tekshiradi. To‘rt qism, har birida 15 ta topshiriq, har bir fe’l testda faqat bir marta uchraydi. Jadvalga qaramasdan ishlang: maqsad bilganingizni emas, bilmaganingizni topish. Javoblardan keyin guruhlab yodlash jadvali bor, xato qilgan fe’llaringizni o‘sha yerdan toping.
A qism: 2 va 3-shaklni yozing (1–15)
Har bir fe’lning V2 va V3 shaklini yozing: go — went — gone.
- 1. cut — ___ — ___
- 2. cost — ___ — ___
- 3. bring — ___ — ___
- 4. catch — ___ — ___
- 5. spend — ___ — ___
- 6. lose — ___ — ___
- 7. pay — ___ — ___
- 8. hear — ___ — ___
- 9. understand — ___ — ___
- 10. become — ___ — ___
- 11. swim — ___ — ___
- 12. throw — ___ — ___
- 13. choose — ___ — ___
- 14. forget — ___ — ___
- 15. wear — ___ — ___
B qism: o‘tgan zamon gaplarida (16–30)
Fe’lni Past Simple’ga qo‘ying. Hammasi darak gap, shuning uchun hamma joyda V2 kerak.
- 16. Last week my father ___ (buy) a second-hand car.
- 17. I ___ (think) the exam was on Friday, but it was on Thursday.
- 18. My sister ___ (send) me photos from her trip to Khiva.
- 19. The baby ___ (sleep) through the whole flight to Istanbul.
- 20. We ___ (meet) our new neighbours at a mahalla meeting.
- 21. The teacher looked at my essay and ___ (say), “Well done!”
- 22. Grandpa ___ (tell) us a funny story about his army days.
- 23. They ___ (sell) their old flat in Chilonzor last year.
- 24. We ___ (stand) in the queue at the bank for forty minutes.
- 25. All my cousins ___ (come) to Tashkent for my wedding.
- 26. The concert ___ (begin) an hour late.
- 27. Our apricot tree ___ (grow) very fast last spring.
- 28. We ___ (eat) samsa at a small place near the station.
- 29. My uncle ___ (drive) us to Chimgan on Sunday.
- 30. Yesterday I ___ (go) to the dentist.
C qism: have, has va passive’dan keyin (31–45)
Bu qismda hamma joyda V3 kerak: Present Perfect yoki passive.
- 31. Have you ever ___ (read) a whole book in English?
- 32. Mr Karimov has ___ (teach) maths at our school for twenty years.
- 33. This house was ___ (build) by my grandfather in 1985.
- 34. Don’t worry, we’ve ___ (keep) a seat for you.
- 35. A decision has already been ___ (make).
- 36. My lost passport was ___ (find) in a taxi.
- 37. Our football team has ___ (win) three games this month.
- 38. I’ve ___ (run) this route every morning since June.
- 39. Who has ___ (drink) all the milk?
- 40. My grandmother has never ___ (fly) on a plane.
- 41. English is ___ (speak) in many countries.
- 42. The wedding invitation was ___ (write) by hand.
- 43. Excuse me, somebody has ___ (take) my seat.
- 44. I’ve never ___ (see) the Aral Sea.
- 45. Have you ever ___ (be) to Nukus?
D qism: aralash — 1, 2 yoki 3-shakl? (46–60)
Eng qiyin qism. Avval gapda did / didn’t, have / has yoki was / were bor-yo‘qligiga qarang, keyin shaklni tanlang.
- 46. Did your parents ___ (let) you go to the concert?
- 47. My back has ___ (hurt) since Monday.
- 48. The two brothers ___ (fight) yesterday, but today they’re friends again.
- 49. I didn’t ___ (feel) well this morning, so I stayed at home.
- 50. Oh no, the bus has already ___ (leave)!
- 51. We ___ (have) lunch at one o’clock yesterday.
- 52. Where did you ___ (sit) at the wedding?
- 53. Guess what? I’ve ___ (get) a new job!
- 54. Our school choir ___ (sing) at the Navruz concert last year.
- 55. I’ve ___ (know) Aziz since kindergarten.
- 56. Who ___ (break) the window? — Not me!
- 57. Were you ___ (give) a receipt?
- 58. She slipped on the ice and ___ (fall).
- 59. Have you ___ (do) your homework yet?
- 60. Where did you ___ (put) my keys?
Javoblar
A qism
1 — cut, cut; 2 — cost, cost; 3 — brought, brought; 4 — caught, caught; 5 — spent, spent; 6 — lost, lost; 7 — paid, paid; 8 — heard, heard; 9 — understood, understood; 10 — became, become; 11 — swam, swum; 12 — threw, thrown; 13 — chose, chosen; 14 — forgot, forgotten; 15 — wore, worn.
- 3 va 4: brought (olib keldi) va bought (sotib oldi) bitta harf bilan farq qiladi, talaffuzi ham yaqin. Caught da ham gh o‘qilmaydi.
- 7: paid, payed emas, garchi play – played regular bo‘lsa ham.
- 8: heard /hɜːd/, hear dagi “ia” tovushi o‘zgaradi.
- 10: V3 yana become: She has become a doctor.
- 13: chose /tʃəʊz/ (V2) va choose /tʃuːz/ (V1) yozuvda bitta o bilan farq qiladi.
- 14: forgotten da t ikkita.
B qism
16 — bought; 17 — thought; 18 — sent; 19 — slept; 20 — met; 21 — said; 22 — told; 23 — sold; 24 — stood; 25 — came; 26 — began; 27 — grew; 28 — ate; 29 — drove; 30 — went.
- 21: said /sed/ deb o‘qiladi, “seyd” emas.
- 24: stood; understand – understood ham xuddi shu naqsh.
- 26: began (V2), begun (V3) emas. The concert has begun — Present Perfect’da begun.
- 28: ate /et/ yoki /eɪt/, ikkalasi ham ishlatiladi.
C qism
31 — read; 32 — taught; 33 — built; 34 — kept; 35 — made; 36 — found; 37 — won; 38 — run; 39 — drunk; 40 — flown; 41 — spoken; 42 — written; 43 — taken; 44 — seen; 45 — been.
- 31: yozuvi read, lekin /red/ deb o‘qiladi.
- 37: won /wʌn/, one bilan bir xil o‘qiladi.
- 38: run ning V3 si yana run: I have ran — xato.
- 39: drunk, drank emas: i – a – u naqshining uchinchi bo‘g‘ini.
- 45: have been to — borib kelgan. Have gone to — ketgan va hali qaytmagan.
D qism
46 — let; 47 — hurt; 48 — fought; 49 — feel; 50 — left; 51 — had; 52 — sit; 53 — got (AmE: gotten); 54 — sang; 55 — known; 56 — broke; 57 — given; 58 — fell; 59 — done; 60 — put.
- 46, 47, 60: let, hurt, put uchala shaklda bir xil, bu yerda xato qilish qiyin, lekin did you putted kabi shakl ham uchraydi.
- 49 va 52: didn’t va did dan keyin V1. I didn’t felt — o‘zbek o‘quvchilarida eng keng tarqalgan xato, chunki o‘zbekchada o‘tgan zamon qo‘shimchasi asosiy fe’lning o‘zida qoladi.
- 53: britancha I’ve got, amerikacha I’ve gotten. Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri.
- 56: Who broke…? — who ega bo‘lsa, did kerak emas, fe’l to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri V2.
- 58: fell (yiqildi) va felt (his qildi) ni aralashtirmang.
Ballingiz va keyingi qadam
A qismda ikkala shakl ham to‘g‘ri bo‘lsagina 1 ball beriladi.
| Ball | Holat | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 55–60 | Fe’llar yodda | Nutqda ishlating: kechagi kuningiz haqida 10 gap ayting |
| 45–54 | Bir nechta “teshik” bor | Xato qilgan fe’llaringizni pastdagi jadvaldan toping va o‘sha guruhni takrorlang |
| 30–44 | D qism qiyin | Did va have qoidasini Past Simple qoidasi va Present Perfect qoidasi sahifalarida qayta ko‘ring |
| 0–29 | Ro‘yxat hali yodlanmagan | Kuniga 2–3 guruhdan yodlang, bir haftadan keyin testni qayta ishlang |
Guruhlab yodlash jadvali
60 ta fe’l bu yerda qaysi shakllari bir xil ekaniga qarab to‘rt katta turga bo‘lingan: uchalasi bir xil, faqat 2 va 3 bir xil, 1 va 3 bir xil, uchalasi ham har xil. Bunday guruhlash yodlashni osonlashtiradi: agar fe’l qaysi turda ekanini bilsangiz, uch shakldan ikkitasini eslash kifoya.
| Tur | Naqsh | Fe’llar |
|---|---|---|
| V1 = V2 = V3 | o‘zgarmaydi | cut, put, let, cost, hurt, read (/riːd/ → /red/) |
| V2 = V3 | -ought / -aught | buy – bought, bring – brought, think – thought, fight – fought, catch – caught, teach – taught |
| V2 = V3 | oxiri -t | send – sent, spend – spent, build – built, keep – kept, sleep – slept, feel – felt, leave – left, meet – met, lose – lost, sit – sat, get – got |
| V2 = V3 | boshqalari | say – said, pay – paid, make – made, have – had, hear – heard, tell – told, sell – sold, find – found, stand – stood, understand – understood, win – won |
| V1 = V3 | o‘rtadagisi farq qiladi | come – came – come, become – became – become, run – ran – run |
| Hammasi har xil | i – a – u | begin – began – begun, drink – drank – drunk, swim – swam – swum, sing – sang – sung |
| Hammasi har xil | -ew / -own | know – knew – known, grow – grew – grown, throw – threw – thrown, fly – flew – flown |
| Hammasi har xil | V3 -en / -n | speak – spoke – spoken, break – broke – broken, choose – chose – chosen, forget – forgot – forgotten, take – took – taken, give – gave – given, eat – ate – eaten, write – wrote – written, drive – drove – driven, fall – fell – fallen, see – saw – seen, wear – wore – worn |
| Hammasi har xil | o‘ziga xos | be – was/were – been, go – went – gone, do – did – done |
Yodlashda bitta usul yaxshi ishlaydi: har bir guruhdan bitta “kalit” fe’lni tanlang (buy, keep, speak) va uning uchala shaklini ritm bilan ayting. Keyin guruhdagi boshqa fe’llarni o‘sha ritmga soling: speak – spoke – spoken, break – broke – broken, choose – chose – chosen. Regular fe’llardan farqini eslash uchun regular va irregular verbs sahifasiga qarang, V3 ni passive gaplarda mashq qilish uchun esa passive voice mashqlariga o‘ting.
O‘tgan hafta haqida gapirib, fe’llarni mustahkamlash
Testda 60 dan 60 olgan odam ham suhbatda I buyed yoki Did you went? deb yuborishi mumkin, chunki og‘zaki nutqda o‘ylashga vaqt yo‘q. BandMate ilovasida Bandi o‘tgan dam olish kuningiz, safaringiz yoki birinchi ish kuningiz haqida so‘raydi; siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va noto‘g‘ri shakllarni suhbatdan keyin ko‘rasiz. Bugun D qismdagi xatolaringizdagi fe’llar bilan o‘zingiz haqingizda uchtadan savol-javob tuzing: Did you sleep well? — Yes, I slept for eight hours.
