Passive voice har qanday zamonda be + V3 bilan yasaladi, zamonni esa be ko‘taradi: is cleaned, was cleaned, has been cleaned, is being cleaned, will be cleaned. Bajaruvchi (by …) faqat yangi va muhim ma’lumot bo‘lsa aytiladi; jadval va misollar passive voice o‘zbekcha sahifasida.
Quyidagi 30 ta topshiriq to‘rt bosqichda: avval shaklni to‘g‘ri yasash, keyin aktiv gapni passivga aylantirish, xato topish va nihoyat yangilik sarlavhalarini to‘liq gapga aylantirish. Oxirgi bosqich eng qiziqarlisi: gazeta va Telegram kanallaridagi sarlavhalar aynan passive’ning qisqargan shakli.
1-bosqich: zamonga mos be + V3 (1–8)
Qavs ichidagi fe’lni passive shaklda yozing. Zamonni gapdagi vaqt so‘zi ko‘rsatadi.
- 1. At Uzbek weddings, plov ___ (cook) in a huge kazan.
- 2. The old cinema in our district ___ (turn) into a shopping centre two years ago.
- 3. Sorry, you can’t use the lift. It ___ (repair) right now.
- 4. Good news: your parcel ___ already ___ (deliver).
- 5. The exam results ___ (publish) next Friday.
- 6. When we arrived at the restaurant, the tables ___ still ___ (set).
- 7. All the tickets ___ (sell) before we got to the box office.
- 8. Mobile phones must ___ (switch off) during the exam.
2-bosqich: aktivdan passivga, by bilan yoki by siz (9–16)
Gapni passivga aylantiring. Bajaruvchi kerakmi yoki yo‘qmi, o‘zingiz hal qiling.
- 9. Someone has taken my charger.
- 10. Alisher Navoi wrote Khamsa.
- 11. Farmers grow cotton in many regions of Uzbekistan.
- 12. The police arrested two men at the airport.
- 13. My grandmother made this suzani.
- 14. People speak Uzbek and Russian in this office.
- 15. They are building a new school in our mahalla.
- 16. The manager will send you the contract tomorrow. (ikki xil passiv yozing)
3-bosqich: xatoni toping (17–23)
Har bir gapda bitta xato bor.
- 17. The Registan is visit by thousands of tourists every year.
- 18. My phone was stole on the bus.
- 19. The meeting has been cancel.
- 20. This bread baked this morning.
- 21. Food prices have been risen again.
- 22. English is teached in every school in our city.
- 23. The documents will signed tomorrow.
4-bosqich: yangilik sarlavhasidan to‘liq gapga (24–30)
Sarlavhalar mashq uchun o‘ylab topilgan. Inglizcha sarlavhada be tushib qoladi: V3 yolg‘iz = o‘tgan yoki yaqinda bo‘lgan voqea, to be + V3 = kelajakdagi reja. Har birini to‘liq passive gapga aylantiring.
- 24. NEW PARK OPENED IN YUNUSABAD
- 25. SAMARKAND MARATHON POSTPONED DUE TO HEAT
- 26. OLD MANUSCRIPTS FOUND IN BUKHARA LIBRARY
- 27. FLIGHTS TO ISTANBUL CANCELLED AFTER STORM
- 28. NAMANGAN PROGRAMMER GIVEN INTERNATIONAL AWARD
- 29. NEW METRO STATIONS TO BE BUILT IN SERGELI
- 30. SCHOOL CANTEENS TO BE CHECKED EVERY MONTH
Javoblar
1-bosqich
- 1. is cooked — odat, Present Simple.
- 2. was turned — two years ago, Past Simple.
- 3. is being repaired — hozir jarayonda. Being tushib qolsa (is repaired), ma’no “odatda ta’mirlanadi” bo‘lib qoladi.
- 4. has … been delivered — already, Present Perfect. Been ni unutmang.
- 5. will be published — kelajak.
- 6. were … being set — Past Continuous passive: o‘sha paytda stollar hali tayyorlanayotgan edi.
- 7. had been sold — biz yetib kelishimizdan oldin, Past Perfect.
- 8. be switched off — modal fe’ldan keyin be + V3.
2-bosqich
- 9. My charger has been taken. — someone ni by someone qilib yozmang, u hech qanday ma’lumot bermaydi.
- 10. Khamsa was written by Alisher Navoi. — muallif muhim, by kerak.
- 11. Cotton is grown in many regions of Uzbekistan. — by farmers ortiqcha: paxtani kim yetishtirishi aniq.
- 12. Two men were arrested at the airport. — hibsga olish politsiyaning ishi, by the police shart emas.
- 13. This suzani was made by my grandmother. — aynan buvim tikkan, bu gapning asosiy ma’nosi.
- 14. Uzbek and Russian are spoken in this office. — ikki til, ko‘plik: are.
- 15. A new school is being built in our mahalla.
- 16. You will be sent the contract tomorrow. yoki The contract will be sent to you tomorrow. — send, give, show, offer ikki to‘ldiruvchi oladi, shuning uchun ikkala passiv ham to‘g‘ri. By the manager ni qo‘shish yoki qo‘shmaslik kontekstga bog‘liq.
3-bosqich
- 17. is visited — be dan keyin V3.
- 18. was stolen — steal – stole – stolen: passivda 3-shakl.
- 19. has been cancelled — BrE da l ikkilanadi; AmE: canceled.
- 20. This bread was baked this morning. — was yo‘q bo‘lsa, gap “non o‘zi pishirdi” degan ma’noni beradi.
- 21. Food prices have risen again. — rise to‘ldiruvchi olmaydi, uni passivga aylantirib bo‘lmaydi. O‘zbekcha “narxlar oshirildi” uchun boshqa fe’l kerak: Food prices have been raised.
- 22. is taught — teach – taught – taught.
- 23. will be signed — will dan keyin be shart.
4-bosqich
- 24. A new park has been opened in Yunusabad. — was opened ham to‘g‘ri, agar vaqti aytilsa (last week).
- 25. The Samarkand marathon has been postponed because of the heat.
- 26. Old manuscripts have been found in a Bukhara library. — sarlavhada artikllar ham tushib qoladi, gapda ularni qaytaring.
- 27. Flights to Istanbul have been (were) cancelled after a storm.
- 28. A programmer from Namangan has been given an international award. — passiv gapning egasi odam: give ikki to‘ldiruvchili fe’l (16-savolga qarang).
- 29. New metro stations will be built in Sergeli. — to be + V3 = reja qilingan kelajak.
- 30. School canteens will be checked every month.
Sarlavhalarni o‘qishda yana bitta belgi yordam beradi. Aktiv voqea sarlavhada Present Simple bilan yoziladi, garchi u kecha bo‘lgan bo‘lsa ham: MINISTER VISITS KHIVA — “vazir Xivaga tashrif buyurdi”. Fe’l -s bilan tugasa va oldida bajaruvchi tursa, gap aktiv. Fe’l yolg‘iz V3 bo‘lsa (OPENED, FOUND, GIVEN), oldidagi so‘z bajaruvchi emas, ta’sir ostidagi narsa, demak gap passive. VISITS va VISITED orasidagi shu farqni ushlasangiz, inglizcha yangilik lentasini tarjimasiz tushunish ancha osonlashadi.
Ballingiz va qaysi zamonni qayta ko‘rish kerak
| Ball | Holat | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 27–30 | Passive yaxshi o‘zlashgan | O‘zingiz bitta yangilikni 5 ta passive gap bilan qayta yozing |
| 20–26 | Shakl bor, being/been adashadi | Passive voice o‘zbekcha sahifasidagi sakkiz zamon jadvalini qayta ko‘ring |
| 12–19 | V3 shakllari tayyor emas | Avval noto‘g‘ri fe’llar testini ishlang, keyin 1-bosqichga qayting |
| 0–11 | Mavzu yangi | Qoidani boshidan o‘qing, keyin faqat 1 va 2-bosqichni ishlang |
17, 18 va 22-savollardagi xatolar ko‘pincha grammatikadan emas, uchinchi shaklni bilmaslikdan kelib chiqadi. Passive’ga yaqin yana bir qolip — I had my car washed (mashinamni yuvdirdim): bu causative have something done mavzusi.
Yangiliklarni passive bilan aytib berish: Bandi bilan
Passive yozma yangilik va rasmiy xatlarda ko‘p, lekin og‘zaki nutqda ham kerak: I was born in…, My phone was stolen, The meeting was cancelled. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda o‘z shahringizdagi so‘nggi yangilikni yoki uyingizda nima ta’mirlanganini aytib bering; ilova was yoki been tushib qolgan gaplarni belgilaydi. Bugun 4-bosqichdagi uchta sarlavhani tanlab, ularni ovoz chiqarib to‘liq gap qilib ayting.
