Musiqa asboblari inglizcha: piano, doira, dutor va janrlar

Musiqa asbobi inglizcha musical instrument, cholg‘u chalmoq — play the + asbob nomi: play the piano, play the violin, play the doira. O‘zbek cholg‘ularining inglizcha nomi yo‘q, ular o‘zbekcha aytiladi va bir gap bilan izohlanadi: The dutar is a long-necked Uzbek lute with two strings. Quyida jahon cholg‘ulari, o‘n bitta o‘zbek cholg‘usining inglizcha izohi, cholg‘uchi nomlari va 12 ta janr.

Hozir ayting: I can’t play any instruments, but I’d love to learn the ______. Yoki: I played the ______ when I was a child.

a band — gitara, doira, mikrofon va sintezator bilan to‘rt yosh ijrochi — **a band**gitara, doira, mikrofon va sintezator bilan to‘rt yosh ijrochi

a singer — ko‘zini yumib mikrofonda kuylayotgan qiz — **a singer**ko‘zini yumib mikrofonda kuylayotgan qiz

play the keyboard — sintezator chalayotgan ko‘zoynakli yigit — **play the keyboard**sintezator chalayotgan ko‘zoynakli yigit

drums on a stage — bayroqchalar bilan bezatilgan sahnadagi ikkita baraban — **drums on a stage**bayroqchalar bilan bezatilgan sahnadagi ikkita baraban

a music festival — ochiq sahna oldida to‘plangan tomoshabinlar — **a music festival**ochiq sahna oldida to‘plangan tomoshabinlar

headphones — to‘q ko‘k quloqchin — **headphones**to‘q ko‘k quloqchin

Jahon cholg‘ulari: 14 ta asbob

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Misol
piano	[pi-E-nou]	pianino, fortepiano	She has played the piano since she was six.
keyboard	[KI-bord]	sintezator	He plays the keyboard in a wedding band.
guitar	[gi-TAR]	gitara	I taught myself the guitar from videos.
electric guitar	[i-LEK-trik gi-TAR]	elektrogitara	The electric guitar was too loud for our flat.
violin	[vay-o-LIN]	skripka	My cousin plays the violin in an orchestra.
cello	[CHE-lou]	violonchel	The cello has a deep, warm sound.
harp	[harp]	arfa	The harp is very hard to carry.
flute	[flut]	fleyta	She played the flute at the school concert.
clarinet	[kle-ri-NET]	klarnet	The clarinet solo was beautiful.
saxophone	[SEK-so-foun]	saksofon	He plays the saxophone in a jazz club.
trumpet	[TRAM-pit]	truba	The trumpet opened the ceremony.
accordion	[e-KOR-di-on]	akkordeon	Grandad played the accordion at parties.
drums	[dramz]	baraban, zarbli to‘plam	My brother plays the drums, so our house is never quiet.
harmonica	[har-MO-ni-ka]	gubnoy garmoshka	You can carry a harmonica in your pocket.

Talaffuzga e’tibor bering: guitar da urg‘u ikkinchi bo‘g‘inda [gi-TAR], piano da ham ikkinchi [pi-E-nou]. Cello “sello” emas, [CHE-lou].

O‘zbek cholg‘ulari inglizcha izoh bilan

O‘zbek cholg‘usini tushuntirishda uchta narsani ayting: qaysi guruhga kiradi (lute, drum, flute), qanday chalinadi (plucked, bowed, blown, hit) va qayerda eshitiladi. Quyidagi izohlar umumiy tavsif; bir cholg‘uning turli viloyatlarda har xil ko‘rinishlari bor.

Cholg‘u	Inglizcha izoh	Misol
dutor	a long-necked lute with two strings, plucked and strummed with the fingers	The dutar has a soft, gentle sound.
tanbur	a long-necked lute with frets, played with a small metal pick on the finger	The tanbur is used in classical maqom music.
rubob	a plucked lute with a body covered in skin; there are Kashgar and Afghan types	He plays the rubab with a plectrum.
g‘ijjak	a bowed string instrument with a round body, held upright on the knee	The g‘ijjak sounds a bit like a violin.
chang	a flat string instrument you hit with two small sticks, similar to a hammered dulcimer	The chang player sat in the middle of the ensemble.
nay	a wooden or metal side-blown flute	The nay opened the song with a long, sad melody.
karnay	a very long brass trumpet with no valves, played outdoors at celebrations	You hear the karnay at weddings and at Navro‘z.
surnay	a loud wooden wind instrument with a double reed, like a folk oboe	The surnay and karnay usually play together.
doira	a frame drum with skin on one side and small metal rings inside the frame	The doira player kept the rhythm for the dancers.
nog‘ora	a pair of small kettle drums played with sticks	Nog‘ora drums are loud enough for a whole street.
qo‘shnay	a double pipe made of two reed tubes played together	Qo‘shnay is a simple folk instrument from the countryside.

Ingliz tilida nomlar ikki xil yoziladi: dutar yoki dutor, rubab yoki rubob, doira yoki doyra. Xorijlik suhbatdoshingizga eng ko‘p uchraydigani dutar, rubab, doira.

Izohda ishlatilgan so‘zlar va ularning talaffuzi:

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	Ma’nosi	Misol
string	[string]	tor	The dutar has two strings.
lute	[lyut]	torli chertma cholg‘u (umumiy nom)	The oud is also a kind of lute.
pluck	[plak]	chertmoq	You pluck the strings with your fingers.
strum	[stram]	barcha torlarni urib chalmoq	He strummed a few chords.
bow	[bou]	kamoncha	You play the g‘ijjak with a bow.
fret	[fret]	parda (dastadagi)	The tanbur has many frets.
reed	[rid]	qamish tilcha	The surnay has a double reed.
beat	[bit]	zarb, ritm	The doira keeps the beat.
tune	[tyun]	kuy; sozlamoq	She tuned the dutar before the concert.

Maqom va to‘y musiqasi haqida bir-ikki gap

Klassik o‘zbek musiqasi haqida so‘rashsa, Shashmaqom ni ayting: Shashmaqom is a classical music tradition of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, with long suites of songs and instrumental parts. U UNESCOning nomoddiy madaniy meros ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan (manba pastda).

To‘y musiqasi haqida: At weddings you usually hear a live band with a singer, a doira player and a keyboard. Outside, karnay and surnay players announce that the celebration has started. To‘y marosimining boshqa so‘zlari to‘y so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasida.

Cholg‘uchini nima deymiz

Ba’zi cholg‘ulardan -ist yoki -er bilan shaxs nomi yasaladi: pianist, guitarist, violinist, cellist, flautist (AmE flutist), drummer, trumpeter. Qolganlariga player qo‘shiladi: a keyboard player, a saxophone player, a doira player, a dutar player. Guruh — a band, katta orkestr — an orchestra [OR-kes-tra], kichik xalq cholg‘u guruhi — an ensemble [on-SOM-bl].

a crowd — qo‘llarini ko‘tarib quvonayotgan tomoshabinlar — **a crowd**qo‘llarini ko‘tarib quvonayotgan tomoshabinlar

a playlist — qo‘shiqlar ro‘yxati ochilgan telefon — **a playlist**qo‘shiqlar ro‘yxati ochilgan telefon

listen to music — quloqchinda musiqa tinglayotgan qiz — **listen to music**quloqchinda musiqa tinglayotgan qiz

dance — raqsga tushayotgan xursand yigit — **dance**raqsga tushayotgan xursand yigit

Musiqa janrlari: 12 ta

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	Izoh	Misol
pop	[pop]	ommabop musiqa	Most radio stations play pop.
Uzbek pop, estrada	[ES-tra-da]	o‘zbek estradasi	My mum loves old Uzbek estrada songs.
rock	[rok]	rok	He listens to rock when he runs.
hip-hop, rap	[HIP-hop], [rep]	rep	Uzbek rap has become popular with teenagers.
jazz	[jez]	jaz	There’s live jazz at that café on Fridays.
classical music	[KLE-si-kl]	klassik musiqa	I listen to classical music when I study.
folk music	[fouk]	xalq musiqasi	The festival had folk music from every region.
traditional music	[tra-DI-shn-l]	an’anaviy musiqa (maqom va boshqalar)	We learned about traditional music at school.
R&B	[ar-en-BI]	ritm-n-blyuz	She sings mostly R&B.
electronic music	[i-lek-TRO-nik]	elektron musiqa	Electronic music is big at summer festivals.
K-pop	[KEY-pop]	koreys popi	My sister learned Korean because of K-pop.
film soundtracks	[SAUND-treks]	film musiqasi	I study with film soundtracks in the background.

Folk so‘zida l o‘qilmaydi: [fouk]. Classical va classic farqi: classical music — klassik musiqa janri, a classic song — hamma biladigan mashhur qo‘shiq.

Musiqa haqida gapirganda chalkashadigan joylar

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
I play piano. (BrE matnda)	I play the piano.	Cholg‘u oldidan the; AmE’da tushib qolishi mumkin.
I play the football and the guitar.	I play football and the guitar.	Sportda the yo‘q, cholg‘uda bor.
I listen music.	I listen to music.	listen to.
He is a guitar.	He’s a guitarist. / He plays the guitar.	Cholg‘u emas, shaxs nomi.
I like classic music.	I like classical music.	Janr — classical.
The concert was very interested.	The concert was really interesting.	Narsa — interesting.

IELTS’da musiqa savollariga javob namunalari IELTS Speaking music sahifasida. Musiqani bo‘sh vaqt mashg‘uloti sifatida tasvirlash uchun xobbilar inglizcha sahifasidagi qoliplardan foydalaning.

Mashq

A. Cholg‘uni toping.

1. A frame drum with metal rings inside, played at Uzbek weddings.
2. A long brass trumpet you hear outside at celebrations.
3. A lute with two strings.
4. A string instrument you play with a bow and hold under your chin.
5. A side-blown flute.

B. Shaxs nomini yozing.

6. piano → ___
7. drums → ___
8. violin → ___

C. Xatoni tuzating.

9. My father plays dutar and listens classic music.
10. She is a very good doira.

Javoblar

1 — doira; 2 — karnay; 3 — dutar (dutor); 4 — violin; 5 — nay; 6 — pianist; 7 — drummer; 8 — violinist; 9 — My father plays the dutar and listens to classical music.; 10 — She’s a very good doira player.

Sevimli musiqangizni Bandiga tushuntiring

BandMate ilovasida Bandi What kind of music do you like? yoki Can you play any instruments? deb so‘raganda, bitta o‘zbek cholg‘usini tanlang va uni yuqoridagi uch qadam bilan tushuntiring: guruhi, chalinishi, qayerda eshitiladi. Talaffuzda guitar, piano, folk urg‘usi yoki tovushi noto‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, ilova ko‘rsatadi.

Manbalar

UNESCO: Shashmaqom music

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling