Salary va wage farqi: income, pay va fee inglizcha

Salary — belgilangan oylik yoki yillik maosh, odatda ofis va mutaxassis ishlari uchun. Wage (ko‘pincha wages) — soat, kun yoki hafta uchun hisoblanadigan ish haqi. Income — barcha manbalardan tushadigan daromad. Pay — ish uchun olinadigan pulning umumiy nomi. Fee — xizmat yoki kirish uchun bir martalik to‘lov.

O‘zbekcha maosh, oylik, ish haqi uchchalasi ham salary, wage va pay o‘rnida ishlatiladi. Shuning uchun tanlashdan oldin ikki savol bering: “Pul qanday hisoblanadi — oyigami, soatigami?” va “Faqat ishdanmi yoki hamma manbadanmi?”

Besh so‘z bir jadvalda

Rus tilidagi зарплата ham salary, ham wage, ham pay o‘rnida keladi, доход esa aniq income. Shuning uchun rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilar ko‘pincha income va salary ni to‘g‘ri ajratadi, lekin wage ni umuman ishlatmaydi.

Salary va wage: oyigami, soatigami

Salary barqaror: ish soatingiz biroz ko‘p yoki kam bo‘lsa ham, oy oxirida bir xil summa tushadi. O‘qituvchi, muhandis, bank xodimi, dasturchi — salary oladi. She has a good salary at the bank. Salaries are paid on the 5th of every month.

Wage ishlangan vaqtga bog‘liq: qancha soat ishlasangiz, shuncha. Ofitsiant, qurilishchi, yarim stavkali sotuvchi, fabrika ishchisi — ko‘pincha wages oladi. He’s paid an hourly wage. The workers asked for higher wages. Minimum wage — qonun bilan belgilangan eng kam ish haqi; uning miqdori mamlakatga qarab o‘zgaradi va rasmiy manbada tekshiriladi.

Kundalik gapda chegara unchalik qat’iy emas, lekin hujjat, CV va IELTS Writingda farq muhim.

Pay: umumiy so‘z

Qaysi biri ekanini bilmasangiz yoki muhim bo‘lmasa, pay deng. U sanalmaydi: The pay is good (a pay emas).

• pay rise (AmE: raise) — maosh oshishi: I asked for a pay rise.
• take-home pay — soliqlardan keyin qo‘lga tegadigan summa.
• sick pay, holiday pay — kasal yoki ta’tilda to‘lanadigan haq.
• payday — maosh kuni.

Pay fe’l ham: My company pays well. They pay us every two weeks.

Income: hamma manbadan

Income — ishdan tashqari ham: ijaradan, biznesdan, frilansdan, pensiyadan tushgan pul. Her income comes from her salary and a flat she rents out. Oila haqida: household income. Soliq: income tax.

Salary bitta ish joyidan, income — jami. Agar ikkita ishda ishlasangiz, ikkita salary bor, lekin bitta umumiy income.

Fee: xizmat va kirish uchun to‘lov

Fee — ish haqi emas, balki biror xizmat yoki huquq uchun to‘lanadigan pul:

• tuition fees — o‘qish puli (universitetdagi kontrakt shu).
• a doctor’s / lawyer’s fee — shifokor, advokat xizmati haqi.
• entrance fee — muzey, park kirish puli.
• membership fee — a’zolik to‘lovi (sport zali, klub).
• a freelance fee — frilanserning bitta loyiha uchun oladigan haqi.

Transport uchun esa fee emas, fare: the bus fare, the taxi fare.

O‘zbekistondagi so‘zlar inglizcha qanday?

Rasmlarda: pul va to‘lov turlari

Bir so‘z almashsa, gap boshqa narsani aytadi

“Oyligim katta” → My salary is expensive: 10 ta xato

Dialog: uch do‘st, uch xil pul

Aziza: So, how’s the new job at the bank?

Jamshid: Good. The salary isn’t huge, but it’s stable, and there’s a bonus at the end of the year.

Aziza: Lucky you. At the café I’m paid an hourly wage, so if I’m sick, I get nothing.

Jamshid: No sick pay? That’s hard. What about you, Rustam? Still freelancing?

Rustam: Yes. I charge a fee for each project. Some months my income is great, some months it’s almost zero.

Aziza: And you still pay the tuition fees for your master’s?

Rustam: Yes, that’s why I take every project I can.

Maosh haqida muloyim so‘rash va muzokara qilish iboralari maosh haqida gaplashish sahifasida. Ingliz madaniyatida begona odamdan “How much is your salary?” deb so‘rash qo‘pol hisoblanadi; bu savolni yaqin do‘stga ham ehtiyot bo‘lib bering.

Mashq: salary, wage(s), pay, income, fee yoki fare? (15 ta gap)

1. Teachers in our school receive their ______ on the 10th of each month.
2. The builders are paid a daily ______.
3. The museum entrance ______ is free for children.
4. Her ______ includes her salary and money from renting out a flat.
5. The ______ is good, but the hours are long.
6. The government raised the minimum ______ this year.
7. How much is the bus ______ from Chilonzor to the centre?
8. Lawyers usually charge a ______ for each consultation.
9. I asked my manager for a ______ rise.
10. Families with a low ______ can apply for help.
11. As a software engineer, he earns a good annual ______.
12. Waiters in some countries depend on tips because their ______ are low.
13. University tuition ______ went up again.
14. ______ tax is taken from your salary automatically.
15. My take-home ______ is less than I expected because of taxes.

Javoblar

1. salary / salaries — oyiga bir marta, belgilangan maosh.
2. wage — kunbay haq.
3. fee — kirish to‘lovi.
4. income — bir nechta manbadan jami.
5. pay — umumiy, sanalmaydi.
6. wage — minimum wage sobit birikma.
7. fare — transport narxi.
8. fee — xizmat haqi.
9. pay — pay rise.
10. income — low-income families.
11. salary — yillik maosh.
12. wages — soatbay ish haqi, ko‘plikda.
13. fees — o‘qish to‘lovi.
14. Income — income tax.
15. pay — take-home pay.

12 va undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, pul so‘zlari sizda joyida. 7 va 13-savollarda xato qilsangiz, jadvaldagi fare va fee qatorini qayta o‘qing.

Ish va pul mavzusini gapirib mustahkamlash

Bu so‘zlar ish, o‘qish va rejalar haqidagi suhbatda birga keladi. Ish so‘zlari farqi (job, work, career) job va work sahifasida, “pul ishlab topmoq” va “yutib olmoq” farqi esa win va beat sahifasida. Bank va karta bilan bog‘liq dialoglar bankda inglizcha sahifasida.

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ish suhbati yoki kelajakdagi kasbingiz haqida rol o‘ynang: “What kind of pay do you expect?”, “Is it a salaried job?” kabi savollarga javob bering. AI so‘z tanlovidagi xatoni ko‘rsatadi va to‘g‘ri variantni taklif qiladi; bu mashq uchun yordam, rasmiy baho emas.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling