Shirinlik ingliz tilida uch xil aytiladi: sweets (UK) yoki candy (US) — konfet va qand-qurs, desserts — ovqatdan keyin yeyiladigan shirin taom, pastries va cakes — pishiriqlar. O‘zbekcha “tort” inglizcha cake, “pechenye” — biscuits (UK) yoki cookies (US). Holva, navvot va parvardaning inglizcha nomi yo‘q: nomini aytib, bitta gap bilan tushuntirasiz: Navvot is rock sugar made from big sugar crystals. We have it with tea.
Hozir ayting: Help yourself to some sweets — this is halva, and this is navvot. Mehmon kutganda birinchi kerak bo‘ladigan gap shu.
O‘zbek dasturxonidagi shirinliklar
| № | Nomi | Inglizcha tushuntirish | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | holva | halva, a dense sweet made from sugar and flour, sesame or nuts | Walnut halva goes perfectly with green tea. |
| 2 | navvot | rock sugar, large sugar crystals | My grandmother gives us navvot when we have a cold. |
| 3 | parvarda | small white pulled-sugar sweets | Parvarda is soft at first and then melts in your mouth. |
| 4 | nisholda | a white whipped cream made from egg whites and sugar | During Ramadan, nisholda is sold at many bazaars. |
| 5 | chak-chak | fried dough pieces stuck together with honey | Chak-chak is crunchy and very sticky. |
| 6 | pashmak | thin, fluffy threads of sugar halva | Pashmak looks like white wool. |
| 7 | holvaytar | warm flour halva cooked in butter | My mum makes holvaytar on cold winter evenings. |
| 8 | xo‘rozqand | a lollipop in the shape of a rooster | Children buy red xo‘rozqand at the bazaar. |
| 9 | bodom qandi | sugared almonds | Sugared almonds are always on the table at weddings. |
| 10 | pahlava | baklava, layers of thin pastry with nuts and syrup | This baklava is flaky and full of walnuts. |
| 11 | murabbo | jam | Quince jam is my favourite with bread. |
| 12 | quymoq | a thin pancake | We had pancakes with honey for breakfast. |
Chet ellikka eng tushunarli bo‘lishi uchun tanish narsa bilan solishtiring: Pashmak is similar to cotton candy, but it’s made from halva. Chak-chak is a bit like a honey cake made of little crunchy pieces.
Xalqaro pishiriqlar va desertlar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | cake | tort, keks | We ordered a chocolate cake for her birthday. |
| 14 | cupcake | kichik keks (kremli) | Each child got a cupcake with a candle. |
| 15 | muffin | maffin, keks | I grab a blueberry muffin on the way to work. |
| 16 | pastry /ˈpeɪstri/ | pishiriq, pirojniy | The bakery near the metro sells French pastries. |
| 17 | croissant | kruassan | A croissant and a coffee, please. |
| 18 | pie | pirog (ustini xamir yopgan) | Apple pie is a classic American dessert. |
| 19 | tart | ochiq pirog | A lemon tart is sweet and sour at the same time. |
| 20 | cheesecake | chizkeyk | Cheesecake is very rich, I can only eat a small slice. |
| 21 | doughnut (US: donut) | ponchik | The doughnuts were still warm. |
| 22 | biscuits (UK), cookies (US) | pechenye | Would you like a biscuit with your tea? |
| 23 | wafers | vafli | The kids love chocolate wafers. |
| 24 | gingerbread | pryanik | We baked gingerbread for the New Year party. |
| 25 | meringue /məˈræŋ/ | beze | Meringues are light and crunchy. |
| 26 | pudding | puding, desert (UK) | What’s for pudding? |
| 27 | ice cream | muzqaymoq | Two scoops of vanilla ice cream, please. |
Konfet va qand-qurslar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | sweets (UK), candy (US) | konfet | Don’t eat too many sweets before dinner. |
| 29 | chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ | shokolad | Dark chocolate is a bit bitter. |
| 30 | a bar of chocolate | bir plitka shokolad | I bought a bar of chocolate for the road. |
| 31 | a box of chocolates | bir quti shokoladli konfet | We took a box of chocolates to our neighbours. |
| 32 | lollipop | chupa-chups, xo‘rozqand | The doctor gave my son a lollipop. |
| 33 | toffee | iris | Toffees stick to your teeth. |
| 34 | gummy sweets, gummies | marmelad konfet | These gummies are shaped like bears. |
| 35 | marshmallow | zefirga o‘xshash yumshoq konfet | Put a marshmallow in your hot chocolate. |
| 36 | Turkish delight | rohat-lukum | Turkish delight is covered in powdered sugar. |
| 37 | candy floss (UK), cotton candy (US) | paxta qand | We always buy candy floss in the park. |
| 38 | chewing gum | saqich | Chewing gum isn’t allowed in class. |
| 39 | sugar cubes | qand | Two sugar cubes in my tea, please. |
| 40 | icing, frosting | tort kremi, glazur | The icing on this cake is too sweet. |
Talaffuz: chocolate ikki bo‘g‘in: CHOK-lət, “sho-ko-lad” emas. Pastry /eɪ/ bilan: PEY-stri. Dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ urg‘u oxirida, s jarangli; desert (cho‘l) /ˈdezət/ urg‘u boshida. Imloda esa eslab qolish oson: shirinlik ikki marta olinadi, shuning uchun dessertda ikkita s.
Ta’m va tuzilish sifatlari
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| sweet | shirin | This halva isn’t too sweet. |
| too sweet, sickly sweet | juda shirin, ko‘ngilni aynitadigan | The cream is sickly sweet. |
| rich | to‘yimli, yog‘li-shirin | Baklava is delicious but rich. |
| light | yengil | I want something light after plov. |
| creamy | kremli, qaymoqdek | The ice cream is smooth and creamy. |
| crunchy | qarsildoq | Chak-chak should be crunchy, not soft. |
| crumbly | ushoqlanadigan | Shortbread is very crumbly. |
| chewy | cho‘ziladigan | These cookies are chewy in the middle. |
| sticky | yopishqoq | My fingers are sticky from the honey. |
| flaky | qatlam-qatlam | The pastry is light and flaky. |
| moist | nam, yumshoq (tort) | The cake is moist, not dry. |
| fluffy | momiqdek, g‘ovak | These pancakes are so fluffy. |
| nutty | yong‘oq ta’mli | Sesame halva has a nutty taste. |
| melts in your mouth | og‘izda eriydi | Fresh parvarda melts in your mouth. |
Grammatika: sweet, a sweet, cake, a cake
- sweet sifat (shirin), a sweet ot (UK: bitta konfet): Have a sweet. Amerikada candy sanalmaydi: some candy.
- cake butun tort sanaladi: She baked two cakes. Bo‘lagi esa sanalmaydi yoki slice bilan: Would you like some cake? — Just a small slice.
- dessert — ovqatdan keyingi shirinlik: What’s for dessert? Britaniyada kundalik nutqda pudding ham shu ma’noda.
- O‘lchovlar: a piece of cake, a slice of cake, a bar of chocolate, a box of chocolates, a jar of jam, a scoop of ice cream.
- A piece of cake idioma sifatida “juda oson” degani: The test was a piece of cake. Boshqa ovqat idiomalari ovqat idiomalari sahifasida.
Dialog: qandolatxonada tort buyurtmasi
Shirin: Hello, I’d like to order a birthday cake for Saturday.
Baker: Sure. How many people is it for?
Shirin: About fifteen. It’s for my daughter, she’s turning seven.
Baker: What flavour would you like? Chocolate, vanilla or honey cake?
Shirin: Chocolate, please, but not too sweet. And could you write “Happy Birthday, Mohira” on it?
Baker: Of course. Any decorations? Strawberries, sprinkles?
Shirin: Strawberries on top, please. Can I pick it up on Saturday morning?
Baker: Yes, it’ll be ready after ten.
Tug‘ilgan kun va to‘y tabriklari uchun ingliz tilida tabriklar sahifasiga qarang.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| I bought a tort. | I bought a cake. | Tort — o‘zbekcha/ruscha so‘z. |
| What is for desert? | What’s for dessert? | Desert — cho‘l. |
| I love sweet. | I love sweets. / I have a sweet tooth. | Ot ko‘plikda yoki ibora. |
| Give me one cake (bir bo‘lak) | Could I have a slice of cake? | A cake — butun tort. |
| This cake is very sweety. | This cake is very sweet. | Sweety so‘zi yo‘q (sweetie — erkalash). |
| Pechenye | biscuits / cookies | Ruscha so‘z. |
I have a sweet tooth — “shirinlikni yaxshi ko‘raman” degan juda tabiiy ibora. Uni suhbatda ishlatib ko‘ring.
Mashq
A. Inglizcha qanday aytiladi?
- 1. tort
- 2. pechenye (Britaniyada)
- 3. muzqaymoq
- 4. bodom qandi
- 5. saqich
- 6. murabbo
B. Sifatni tanlang: flaky, sticky, creamy, crunchy, rich.
- 7. Honey makes your fingers ______.
- 8. Croissants are ______.
- 9. This ice cream is smooth and ______.
- 10. Fresh chak-chak should be ______.
- 11. Cheesecake is too ______ for me after a big meal.
C. Navvotni chet ellikka bitta gap bilan tushuntiring.
Javoblar
1 — cake; 2 — biscuits; 3 — ice cream; 4 — sugared almonds; 5 — chewing gum; 6 — jam; 7 — sticky; 8 — flaky; 9 — creamy; 10 — crunchy; 11 — rich. C — namuna: Navvot is rock sugar made from big crystals; we eat it with tea, especially when we have a cold.
Shirinlik bilan birga nima ichilishi — choy, qahva, kompot — ichimliklar inglizcha sahifasida, quruq mevalar esa mevalar nomi inglizcha sahifasida.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sevimli shirinligingiz haqida gaplashing: Do you have a sweet tooth? What do you usually serve guests with tea? Holva yoki navvotni tushuntirishda made from, similar to, tastes iboralarini ishlating. Ovozli javobda dessert va desert, chocolate talaffuzi noaniq bo‘lsa, ilova izoh beradi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
