Meva ingliz tilida fruit. O‘zbek bozorida eng kerakli nomlar: apricot (o‘rik), quince (behi), mulberry (tut), pomegranate (anor), grapes (uzum), melon (qovun), persimmon (xurmo). Umumiy ma’noda fruit sanalmaydi: I eat a lot of fruit. Bitta meva haqida gapirganda esa nomining o‘zi ishlatiladi: an apple, two peaches, a bunch of grapes.
Quyida 45 ta meva guruhlab berilgan, har biri tarjima va misol bilan. Ovqat mavzusining umumiy lug‘ati (go‘sht, sut mahsulotlari, pishirish usullari) ovqat nomlari inglizcha sahifasida; bu sahifa faqat mevaga chuqurroq kiradi.
Bog‘ mevalari
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | apple /ˈæpl/ | olma | These red apples are from Namangan. |
| 2 | pear /peə/ | nok | The pears are still hard, wait a few days. |
| 3 | quince /kwɪns/ | behi | Quince smells wonderful but it’s too hard to eat raw. |
| 4 | apricot /ˈeɪprɪkɒt/ | o‘rik | Apricots are the first summer fruit at the bazaar. |
| 5 | peach /piːtʃ/ | shaftoli | I love the flat peaches from Fergana. |
| 6 | nectarine /ˈnektəriːn/ | nektarin, tuksiz shaftoli | A nectarine is like a peach with smooth skin. |
| 7 | plum /plʌm/ | olxo‘ri | My aunt makes plum jam every August. |
| 8 | cherry /ˈtʃeri/ | gilos | The first cherries come to Tashkent in late May. |
| 9 | sour cherry | olcha | Sour cherries are perfect for compote. |
| 10 | mulberry /ˈmʌlbəri/ | tut | Children climb the mulberry tree and come home purple. |
| 11 | fig /fɪɡ/ | anjir | Fresh figs don’t last long, eat them today. |
| 12 | persimmon /pəˈsɪmən/ | xurmo | Persimmons are sweetest after the first frost. |
| 13 | pomegranate /ˈpɒmɪɡrænɪt/ | anor | Cut the pomegranate over a bowl, the juice stains. |
| 14 | grapes /ɡreɪps/ | uzum | Would you like some grapes with your tea? |
| 15 | jujube /ˈdʒuːdʒuːb/ | chilonjiyda | Jujubes taste a bit like small dry apples. |
Poliz mevalari va rezavorlar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | melon /ˈmelən/ | qovun | Choose a melon that smells sweet at the end. |
| 17 | watermelon /ˈwɔːtəmelən/ | tarvuz | Knock on the watermelon: a ripe one sounds hollow. |
| 18 | strawberry /ˈstrɔːbəri/ | qulupnay | Strawberries from the greenhouse appear in April. |
| 19 | raspberry /ˈrɑːzbəri/ | malina | Raspberry tea is good when you have a cold. |
| 20 | blackberry /ˈblækbəri/ | maymunjon | Wild blackberries grow along the river. |
| 21 | blackcurrant /ˌblækˈkʌrənt/ | qora smorodina, qorag‘at | Blackcurrants are quite sour. |
| 22 | gooseberry /ˈɡʊzbəri/ | krijovnik | Gooseberries can be green or red. |
| 23 | blueberry /ˈbluːbəri/ | ko‘k rezavor, chernika | I put blueberries in my porridge. |
| 24 | sea buckthorn | chakanda | Sea buckthorn is small, orange and very sour. |
| 25 | barberry /ˈbɑːbəri/ | zirk | Dried barberries give plov a sour taste. |
| 26 | rosehip /ˈrəʊzhɪp/ | na’matak | My grandmother makes rosehip tea in winter. |
| 27 | hawthorn /ˈhɔːθɔːn/ | do‘lana | Hawthorn berries are red and a bit dry. |
Talaffuz: raspberry so‘zida p o‘qilmaydi: RAAZ-bə-ri. Pear “pir” emas, pair bilan bir xil. Pomegranate uzun so‘z, urg‘u birinchi bo‘g‘inda: POM-i-gra-nit. Quince kw bilan boshlanadi, “kvins” emas: lablar yumaloq, pastki lab tishga tegmaydi.
Sitrus va tropik mevalar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ | apelsin | Can you peel an orange for your brother? |
| 29 | tangerine /ˌtændʒəˈriːn/, mandarin | mandarin | Tangerines always remind me of New Year. |
| 30 | lemon /ˈlemən/ | limon | Tea with a slice of lemon, please. |
| 31 | lime /laɪm/ | laym | A lime is smaller and greener than a lemon. |
| 32 | grapefruit /ˈɡreɪpfruːt/ | greypfrut | Grapefruit is a little bitter. |
| 33 | banana /bəˈnɑːnə/ | banan | Take a banana for the road. |
| 34 | pineapple /ˈpaɪnæpl/ | ananas | Pineapple is not a type of apple. |
| 35 | kiwi /ˈkiːwiː/ | kivi | Kiwis are green inside with tiny black seeds. |
| 36 | mango /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ | mango | This mango is perfectly ripe. |
| 37 | avocado /ˌævəˈkɑːdəʊ/ | avokado | Avocado is technically a fruit. |
| 38 | coconut /ˈkəʊkənʌt/ | kokos yong‘og‘i | It’s hard to open a coconut without a knife. |
| 39 | date /deɪt/ | xurmo (xurmo palmasi mevasi) | Many families break the fast with dates and water. |
| 40 | feijoa /feɪˈdʒəʊə/ | feyxoa | Feijoas appear at the bazaar in late autumn. |
Xurmo tuzog‘i: o‘zbekchada ikki xil meva bir xil ataladi. Kuzda daraxtda pishadigan to‘q sariq xurmo — persimmon, ramazonda iftorlikda yeyiladigan quruq jigarrang xurmo — date. Chet ellik mehmonga date bersangiz-u, persimmon demoqchi bo‘lsangiz, u boshqa narsani kutadi.
Quruq mevalar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | dried apricots | qaysi, turshak | Dried apricots make a good gift to take abroad. |
| 42 | raisins /ˈreɪznz/ | mayiz | Golden raisins are sweeter than dark ones. |
| 43 | prunes /pruːnz/ | qora olxo‘ri qoqisi | Prunes are dried plums. |
| 44 | dried mulberries | tut qoqi | Dried mulberries are a healthy snack. |
| 45 | dried melon | qovun qoqi | Dried melon is sold in long twisted strips. |
Danakli quruq o‘rik (turshak) va danaksiz (qaysi) farqini tushuntirish uchun: with the stone / without the stone (US: pit). Dried apricots with the stone inside are called turshak.
Ta’m va holat sifatlari
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| sweet | shirin | This persimmon is as sweet as honey. |
| sour | nordon | Green apples are too sour for me. |
| sweet and sour | shirin-nordon | Pomegranates here are sweet and sour. |
| tart | nordonroq, og‘izni burishtiradigan | Quince is tart when it’s raw. |
| juicy | sersuv | Choose a juicy one for the kids. |
| ripe | pishgan | Is this melon ripe? |
| unripe | xom, pishmagan | Don’t eat unripe apricots, you’ll get a stomach ache. |
| overripe | o‘ta pishib ketgan | The bananas are overripe, let’s make a cake. |
| rotten | chirigan | There’s a rotten peach at the bottom of the box. |
| bruised | lat yegan | These pears are a bit bruised but still fine. |
| crunchy | qarsildoq | I like crunchy apples, not soft ones. |
| seedless | urug‘siz | Do you have seedless grapes? |
| fragrant | xushbo‘y | The whole car was fragrant with melons. |
| in season | mavsumi | Figs are in season now. |
Sanaladimi? fruit, grapes, melon
- fruit umumiy ma’noda sanalmaydi: There’s some fruit on the table. Turlari haqida gapirganda fruits mumkin: tropical fruits.
- grapes odatda ko‘plikda: I bought some grapes. Bitta dona — a grape, bitta shingil — a bunch of grapes.
- melon, watermelon butun holda sanaladi (two melons), bo‘lak haqida esa sanalmaydi: Would you like some melon? — bir necha tilim nazarda tutiladi.
- O‘lchovlar: a kilo of apricots, half a kilo of cherries, a slice of watermelon, a handful of raisins, a box of peaches.
- Artikl: unli tovush oldidan an: an apple, an orange, an apricot.
Qoidaning to‘liq jadvali sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida.
Dialog: Chorsu bozorida
Toshkentga kelgan Emma o‘zbek dugonasi Laylo bilan meva rastasida.
Emma: Wow, look at these pomegranates! Are they sweet or sour?
Laylo: Both. The ones with the dark skin are sweeter. Let’s ask. (sotuvchiga) Can she try one?
Seller: Of course. Here, try this one.
Emma: Mmm, it’s really juicy. How much is a kilo?
Seller: Twenty-five thousand.
Laylo: And what about the persimmons? Are they ripe?
Seller: Ripe and soft. You can eat them today.
Emma: I’ll take two kilos of pomegranates and one kilo of persimmons. Could I have some dried apricots, too? They’re for my family in London.
Seller: Half a kilo? The ones without the stone are better for gifts.
Emma: Half a kilo, please. Can you do it for a hundred thousand altogether?
Seller: OK, for you, a hundred thousand.
Savdolashish iboralari va yana bozor dialoglari bozorda savdolashish inglizcha sahifasida.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| I eat many fruits every day. | I eat a lot of fruit every day. | Umumiy ma’noda sanalmaydi. |
| I bought one grape. (bir shingil demoqchi) | I bought a bunch of grapes. | A grape — bitta dona. |
| a apple, a orange | an apple, an orange | Unli tovush oldidan an. |
| This melon is very ripen. | This melon is very ripe. | Ripen — fe’l (pishmoq). |
| date (persimmon ma’nosida) | persimmon | Ikki xil xurmo. |
| raspberry “rasp-beri” | /ˈrɑːzbəri/ | p o‘qilmaydi. |
Mashq
A. Tarjima qiling.
- 1. behi
- 2. tut
- 3. o‘rik
- 4. anor
- 5. chilonjiyda
- 6. zirk
B. Bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring: bunch, ripe, fruit, slice, an, sour.
- 7. We need more ______ in our diet.
- 8. Could I have a ______ of watermelon?
- 9. Buy a ______ of grapes for the guests.
- 10. Wait, these apricots aren’t ______ yet.
- 11. She’s eating ______ orange.
- 12. Lemons are ______.
Javoblar
1 — quince; 2 — mulberry; 3 — apricot; 4 — pomegranate; 5 — jujube; 6 — barberry; 7 — fruit; 8 — slice; 9 — bunch; 10 — ripe; 11 — an; 12 — sour.
Keyingi qadam: sabzavotlar nomi inglizcha sahifasida osh uchun kerak bo‘ladigan sabzavot va ko‘katlar bor. Kichkintoylar bilan o‘rganayotgan bo‘lsangiz, bolalar uchun mevalar sahifasidagi o‘yinlar qulayroq.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sevimli mevangiz yoki bozorga borishingiz haqida gaplashing: What fruit is in season now? How do you choose a good melon? Yuqoridagi dialogni rolma-rol aytib ko‘ring. Ovozli javobingizda pomegranate urg‘usi yoki pear unlisi noaniq chiqsa, ilova talaffuz bo‘yicha izoh beradi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
