Tabiat so‘zlari inglizcha: tog‘, daryo, cho‘l — 50 so‘z

Asosiy tabiat so‘zlari: mountain (tog‘), hill (tepalik), valley (vodiy), river (daryo), lake (ko‘l), desert (cho‘l), steppe (dasht), forest (o‘rmon), field (dala). Tabiatning o‘zi — nature, va u artiklsiz ishlatiladi: I love nature, the nature emas. Daryo, dengiz va cho‘l nomlari oldidan esa the keladi: the Amu Darya, the Aral Sea, the Kyzylkum Desert.

Tezkor mashq: Toshkentdan eng yaqin tog‘lar haqida bitta gap ayting. At the weekend we often go to the Chimgan mountains to breathe some fresh air. Bu gapda uchta tabiat so‘zi bor.

mountains — tog‘lar — **mountains**tog‘lar

a mountain trail — tog‘ so‘qmog‘i — **a mountain trail**tog‘ so‘qmog‘i

trees, a forest — daraxtlar, o‘rmon — **trees, a forest**daraxtlar, o‘rmon

a landscape — manzara — **a landscape**manzara

a rural area — qishloq joy — **a rural area**qishloq joy

Tog‘lar: Chimyon, Hisor va Tyan-Shan

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
1	mountain	tog‘	Big Chimgan is the most famous mountain near Tashkent.
2	mountain range	tog‘ tizmasi	The Tian Shan is a huge mountain range in Central Asia.
3	peak	cho‘qqi	We didn’t reach the peak because of the wind.
4	hill	tepalik, adir	Tulips cover the hills in April.
5	slope	yonbag‘ir	The ski slopes open when there is enough snow.
6	cliff	qoya, jarlik	Don’t go too close to the edge of the cliff.
7	cave	g‘or	There are old caves in the Surkhandarya mountains.
8	gorge	dara, tor tog‘ darasi	The river runs through a narrow gorge.
9	pass	dovon	The Kamchik Pass connects Tashkent with the Fergana Valley.
10	snow-capped	cho‘qqisi qorli	From the city you can see snow-capped mountains.

Predlogga e’tibor bering: tog‘li hududda dam olsangiz — in the mountains (We stayed in the mountains for a week), bitta tog‘ning ustida bo‘lsangiz — on the mountain yoki at the top of the mountain.

Suv: daryo, ko‘l, buloq

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
11	river	daryo	The Syr Darya flows through the Fergana Valley.
12	stream	soy, jilg‘a	We washed our hands in a cold mountain stream.
13	waterfall	sharshara	There’s a small waterfall above the village.
14	lake	ko‘l	Lake Aydarkul is in the middle of the desert.
15	reservoir	suv ombori	Charvak is a reservoir, not a natural lake.
16	sea	dengiz	The Aral Sea used to be one of the largest lakes in the world.
17	shore	qirg‘oq (ko‘l, dengiz)	We put up our tent on the shore.
18	bank	sohil (daryo)	Fishermen sit on the river bank in the evening.
19	spring	buloq	The water from this spring is very clean.
20	island	orol (quruqlik)	There are small islands in the reservoir.
21	canal	kanal, katta ariq	Old canals bring water to the fields.

O‘zbekcha “Orol” ham dengiz nomi, ham “orol” (suv bilan o‘ralgan quruqlik) ma’nosida keladi. Ingliz tilida bular alohida: the Aral Sea — Orol dengizi, an island — orol. Island so‘zidagi s o‘qilmaydi: /ˈaɪlənd/.

Bank ham ikki ma’noli: a bank — bank, a river bank — daryo sohili. Aniq bo‘lishi uchun river bank deb ayting.

Cho‘l, dasht va vodiy

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
22	desert	cho‘l, sahro	The Kyzylkum Desert covers a large part of Uzbekistan.
23	sand dune	qum barxani	The wind moves the sand dunes every year.
24	oasis	voha	Khiva grew up as an oasis town.
25	steppe	dasht	Sheep graze on the steppe in spring.
26	plain	tekislik	The road crosses a flat, dry plain.
27	valley	vodiy	The Fergana Valley is surrounded by mountains.
28	field	dala	In autumn the cotton fields look white.
29	meadow	o‘tloq, yaylov	Horses were grazing in the meadow.
30	salt flat	sho‘rxok	Parts of the old seabed are now salt flats.

Desert (cho‘l) va dessert (shirinlik) ni aralashtirmang. Desert birinchi bo‘g‘inga urg‘u bilan: /ˈdezət/, dessert ikkinchisiga: /dɪˈzɜːt/. Qo‘shimcha misol: Camels can live in the desert; ice cream is my favourite dessert.

O‘simliklar va umumiy so‘zlar

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
31	forest	o‘rmon	The forest was so thick that we couldn’t see the sky.
32	woods	kichik o‘rmon, to‘qay	We had a picnic in the woods by the river.
33	juniper	archa	Juniper trees grow on the slopes of Chimgan.
34	bush	buta	The rabbit hid under a bush.
35	grass	o‘t, maysa	Don’t walk on the grass.
36	wildflowers	yovvoyi gullar	In May the meadows are full of wildflowers.
37	nature	tabiat	My children spend too little time in nature.
38	landscape	manzara, landshaft	The desert landscape changes colour at sunset.
39	scenery	tabiat manzarasi	The scenery on the way to Shahrisabz is amazing.
40	view	ko‘rinish	What a view! You can see the whole valley.
41	wildlife	yovvoyi tabiat, hayvonot dunyosi	The reserve protects local wildlife.
42	national park	milliy bog‘	Ugam-Chatkal is a national park near Tashkent.
43	nature reserve	qo‘riqxona	Hunting is not allowed in a nature reserve.
44	rock	qoya tosh, tog‘ jinsi	The path up to the waterfall was covered with rocks.
45	stone	tosh	He threw a stone into the lake.
46	soil	tuproq	The soil in the valley is very rich.
47	fresh air	toza havo	We go to the mountains for the fresh air.
48	sunrise	quyosh chiqishi	We got up early to watch the sunrise.
49	sunset	quyosh botishi	The sunset over the desert was unforgettable.
50	the environment	atrof-muhit	We must protect the environment.

Landscape va scenery yaqin: landscape — joyning ko‘rinishi umuman (rassom yoki geograf nigohida), scenery — chiroyli manzara, ko‘pincha sayohatda. Scenery sanalmaydi: a beautiful scenery emas, beautiful scenery. Daraxt va gullarning nomlari gullar va daraxtlar sahifasida.

Qachon the kerak: joy nomlari

The bilan	The siz
daryolar: the Amu Darya, the Zarafshan	ko‘llar: Lake Aydarkul, Lake Issyk-Kul
dengizlar: the Aral Sea, the Caspian Sea	alohida tog‘: Mount Everest
cho‘llar: the Kyzylkum (Desert)	shahar, qishloq: Samarkand, Bostanliq
tog‘ tizmalari: the Tian Shan, the Pamirs	davlatlar: Uzbekistan
vodiylar: the Fergana Valley	materiklar: Asia

Umumiy qoida: suv oqadigan yoki katta hududni egallagan narsalar (daryo, dengiz, cho‘l, tizma) the bilan, Lake va Mount so‘zi oldinda turgan nomlar esa thesiz.

Qisqa matn: Orol dengizi

The Aral Sea lies between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Two great rivers, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, once carried water from the mountains to the sea. In the second half of the twentieth century, much of this water was taken for irrigation, especially for cotton fields. As a result, the sea began to dry up. Fishing towns such as Muynak were left far from the shore, and old ships now lie on the sand. The dry seabed has become a new desert, often called the Aralkum, and strong winds carry salt and dust from it. Today people are planting bushes on the old seabed to hold the sand in place.

Matndan uchta tabiat so‘zini va uchta fe’lni toping (lie, carry, dry up, plant). Ekologiya so‘zlari — drought, desertification, pollution — ekologiya so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasida alohida jamlangan.

dry up — qurib qolmoq — **dry up**qurib qolmoq

a long drought — uzoq qurg‘oqchilik — **a long drought**uzoq qurg‘oqchilik

desertification — cho‘llanish — **desertification**cho‘llanish

irrigation — sug‘orish — **irrigation**sug‘orish

plant trees — daraxt ekmoq — **plant trees**daraxt ekmoq

save water — suvni tejamoq — **save water**suvni tejamoq

O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
I love the nature.	I love nature.	Umumiy ma’noda artikl yo‘q
We went to mountains.	We went to the mountains.	Tog‘li hudud — the mountains
Amu Darya is long.	The Amu Darya is long.	Daryo nomi the bilan
the Lake Aydarkul	Lake Aydarkul	Lake + nom — thesiz
a beautiful scenery	beautiful scenery	Scenery sanalmaydi
We swam in the sea bank.	We swam in the sea. / on the shore	Bank — faqat daryo uchun
dessert (cho‘l)	desert	Bitta s

Mashq

A. So‘zni toping.

1. Ikki tog‘ orasidagi keng, tekis yer — ______
2. Suv baland joydan pastga tushadi — ______
3. Cho‘l o‘rtasidagi suvli, yashil joy — ______
4. Tog‘dan o‘tadigan yo‘l — ______
5. Odam qurgan katta suv havzasi — ______

B. The qo‘ying yoki bo‘sh qoldiring (—).

6. ___ Syr Darya flows into ___ Aral Sea.
7. We camped near ___ Lake Aydarkul.
8. ___ Fergana Valley is famous for its fruit.
9. I want to spend more time in ___ nature.

C. Tarjima qiling.

10. Dam olish kunlari tog‘larga bordik va quyosh chiqishini tomosha qildik.
11. Daryo sohilida baliqchilar o‘tiribdi.
12. Chimyondan manzara juda chiroyli.

Javoblar

1 — valley; 2 — waterfall; 3 — oasis; 4 — pass; 5 — reservoir; 6 — The … the; 7 — (—); 8 — The; 9 — (—); 10 — At the weekend we went to the mountains and watched the sunrise; 11 — Fishermen are sitting on the river bank; 12 — The view from Chimgan is beautiful (yoki The scenery in Chimgan is beautiful).

BandMate bilan mashq

“Describe a natural place you visited” — IELTS Speaking Part 2 va Multilevel imtihonlarida uchraydigan mavzu turi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan shu mavzuda bir-ikki daqiqa gapirib ko‘ring: joyni nomlang, uchta tabiat so‘zi va the bilan ikki nom ishlating. Ilova talaffuz (island, desert) va artikllar bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Keyingi qadam — shu joylarda yashaydigan hayvonlar: yovvoyi hayvonlar inglizcha.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling