Another, other, others farqi: the other va each other bilan

Another = yana bitta yoki boshqa bitta, faqat birlikdagi sanaladigan ot bilan: another cup. Other = boshqa, ko‘plik yoki sanalmaydigan ot bilan, yoki the/my/some dan keyin: other people, the other door. Others = boshqalar, orqasidan ot kelmaydi: Some agree, others don’t.

Yana ikkitasini birga eslang: the other(s) = qolgan(lar)i, ikkinchisi va each other = bir-biri. Hammasi o‘zbekchadagi bitta boshqa so‘zidan kelib chiqadigan chalkashlik.

Beshta shakl bir jadvalda

Qoidaning mantig‘i oddiy: another aslida an + other. An birlikni talab qiladi, shuning uchun another books bo‘lmaydi. The esa “aniq, sanab bo‘ladigan to‘plam” degani: the other va the others ro‘yxat yopiq bo‘lganda ishlatiladi. Artikllarning umumiy mantig‘i a, an, the qoidalari sahifasida.

Another: yana bitta yoki boshqa bitta

Ikki ma’nosi bor, ikkalasi ham birlik bilan:

• yana bitta (qo‘shimcha): Can I have another cup of tea? — Yana bir piyola choy bersangiz.
• boshqa bitta (o‘rniga): This pen doesn’t work. Can I have another one? — Boshqasini bera olasizmi?

Istisno: another son + ko‘plik bilan keladi, agar son bir blok bo‘lsa: another ten minutes, another three days. Bu yerda “yana o‘n daqiqa” bitta miqdor sifatida qabul qilinadi.

Sanalmaydigan ot bilan another ishlatilmaydi. “Yana ma’lumot” — more information, “boshqa ma’lumot” — other information. Qaysi ot sanaladi, qaysi biri yo‘q — sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida.

Other va others: ot bilanmi, otsizmi

Other sifatga o‘xshaydi, o‘zi yolg‘iz yurmaydi: orqasidan ot keladi. Sifatlar inglizchada ko‘plik olmaydi, shuning uchun others people bo‘lmaydi.

• Other students finished early. — Boshqa talabalar erta tugatdi.
• Are there any other questions? — Yana savollar bormi?
• I don’t know other languages. — Boshqa tillarni bilmayman.

Agar ot takrorlanmasa, others olmosh sifatida uning o‘rnini egallaydi:

• Some students passed, others didn’t. (= other students)
• This dress is too short. Do you have others? (= other dresses)
• Think about others. — Boshqalar haqida o‘ylang.

The other va the others: ro‘yxat yopiq bo‘lsa

Ikkita narsa bo‘lsa: bittasi one, ikkinchisi the other. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a driver. Bu yerda another xato, chunki uchinchi aka yo‘q, ro‘yxat yopiq.

Ko‘p narsa bo‘lsa va “qolganlarning hammasi” demoqchi bo‘lsangiz: the others yoki the other + ko‘plik ot. Three of us took a taxi; the others walked. = the other students walked.

Bir nechta tayyor ibora ham shu so‘zlar bilan:

• the other day — yaqinda, bir kuni: I saw Aziz the other day.
• on the other hand — boshqa tomondan (inshoda qarama-qarshi fikr).
• every other day — kun ora: I go to the gym every other day.
• one after another / one after the other — ketma-ket, birin-ketin.
• other than — …dan tashqari: Other than that, everything is fine.

Each other: bir-birini

Each other ikki yoki undan ortiq kishining bir-biriga qiladigan ishini bildiradi: Madina and Sevara hug each other. We’ve known each other since school. One another ham shu ma’noda, sal rasmiyroq.

Ikki narsaga e’tibor bering. Birinchisi, each other ega bo‘lmaydi: Each other helped emas, They helped each other. Ikkinchisi, u themselves emas. They blamed each other — bir-birini aybladi. They blamed themselves — har biri o‘zini aybladi. O‘zlik olmoshlari haqida myself, yourself sahifasida. Egalik shakli each other’s: We know each other’s families.

Kichik farq — katta ma’no farqi

“Boshqa kitoblar” → another books: 10 ta xato

Oltinchi qator o‘zbek va rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilarda ayniqsa ko‘p: mening boshqa do‘stim / мой другой друг so‘zma-so‘z my another friend bo‘lib chiqadi. Inglizchada ikki variant bor: my other friend (ikkinchi, aniq bittasi) yoki another friend of mine (do‘stlarimdan yana biri). Shu kabi olmosh va determinantlar — each, every, both, either — alohida sahifada.

Dialog: Chorsu bozorida do‘ppi tanlash

Sotuvchi: Hello! These doppi are handmade. Do you like this one?

Anna: It’s beautiful, but it’s a bit small. Do you have another one in a bigger size?

Sotuvchi: Yes, here. This one is bigger. Or you can look at the other colours on that shelf.

Anna: I like the green one. What about the others? Are they the same price?

Sotuvchi: The small ones are cheaper; the others cost the same as this one.

Anna: Great. I’ll take this one for me and another one for my brother. He and I always buy each other souvenirs.

Sotuvchi: Good idea. Come back another day, we get new ones every other week.

Dialogdagi yettita shaklni toping va har biri uchun jadvaldagi qatorni ko‘rsating.

Mashq: another, other, others, the other, the others yoki each other? (15 ta gap)

1. This coffee is great. Can I have ______ cup?
2. I have two cats. One is white, and ______ is black.
3. Some people like tea; ______ prefer coffee.
4. Aziz and Bekzod have known ______ for ten years.
5. Are there any ______ questions?
6. Only three students came on time. Where are ______?
7. I’ll call you ______ day, I’m busy now.
8. We need ______ two weeks to finish the project.
9. She lives on ______ side of the river.
10. Don’t copy ______ people’s homework.
11. I met your cousin ______ day at the metro station.
12. The twins always help ______ with homework.
13. This key doesn’t fit. Try ______ one.
14. Two of my friends study in Tashkent; ______ study in Samarqand.
15. On one hand, it’s expensive. On ______ hand, it’s very good quality.

Javoblar

1. another — yana bitta, birlikdagi cup.
2. the other — ikkitadan ikkinchisi, ro‘yxat yopiq.
3. others — otsiz olmosh, “ba’zilar… boshqalar…”.
4. each other — bir-birini bilishadi.
5. other — ko‘plikdagi ot (questions) oldida.
6. the others — qolganlarning hammasi.
7. another — boshqa bir kun (noaniq).
8. another — son + ko‘plik bir miqdor: another two weeks.
9. the other — daryoning ikki tomoni bor, ikkinchisi.
10. other — ot oldida (people’s).
11. the other — the other day = yaqinda.
12. each other — egizaklar bir-biriga yordam beradi.
13. another — boshqa bitta kalit.
14. the others (yoki my other friends) — do‘stlarning qolgani, aniq guruh.
15. the other — on the other hand sobit ibora.

13 va undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, qoidani o‘zlashtirdingiz. 2, 9 va 15-savollarda xato qilsangiz, “ikkita bo‘lsa — the other” qoidasini qayta o‘qing.

“Boshqa” so‘zini gapirib mashq qilish

Bu shakllar sekin yozganda to‘g‘ri chiqadi, tez gapirganda esa another books qaytib keladi. Og‘zaki mashq: xonangizdagi uchta narsani sanab, “one…, another…, the third…” va “the others…” bilan tasvirlang. Keyin miqdor so‘zlari bilan birga some va any qoidasi ni takrorlang.

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan do‘kon, bozor yoki mehmondorchilik vaziyatini rol o‘ynab ko‘ring: “Can I try another one?”, “Where are the others?” kabi gaplar tabiiy kerak bo‘ladi. AI noto‘g‘ri shaklni ko‘rsatib, to‘g‘risini taklif qiladi; bu mashq uchun yordam, rasmiy baho emas.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling