House — bino: alohida turgan, odatda bir oila yashaydigan uy. Home — siz yashaydigan va o‘zingizni o‘z joyingizdagidek his qiladigan joy: u hovli ham, kvartira ham, hatto shahar yoki mamlakat ham bo‘lishi mumkin. Flat (Britaniya) va apartment (Amerika) — ko‘p qavatli binodagi kvartira.
Grammatikadagi asosiy qoida: go home, come home, get home — to yo‘q. Uyda — at home.
To‘rt so‘z bitta jadvalda
| House | Home | Flat | Apartment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma’no | bino, hovli-joy | o‘z uyi, oshiyon, vatan | kvartira | kvartira |
| Qayerda ko‘p | hamma joyda | hamma joyda | Britaniya, Yevropa | Amerika; Britaniyada hashamatli yoki kunlik ijara |
| Harakat fe’li bilan | go to the/my house | go home (predlogsiz) | go to my flat | go to my apartment |
| Joy | in the house, at my house | at home | in a flat | in an apartment |
| O‘zbekcha | uy, hovli | uy, uyim, vatan | kvartira | kvartira |
| Ruscha | дом (здание) | дом, дома, домой | квартира | квартира, апартаменты |
O‘zbekcha uy to‘rttasini ham qoplaydi, hatto xonani ham (uch uyli hovli). Bundan tashqari, “uyga boraman” dagi -ga qo‘shimchasi ko‘pincha to bilan tarjima qilinadi, shu sababli I go to home xatosi paydo bo‘ladi. Home bu yerda ravish kabi ishlaydi (xuddi go there, go abroad), unga predlog qo‘shilmaydi. Ruscha домой ham predlogsiz, shuning uchun rus tilini biladiganlar bu qoidani tez o‘zlashtiradi.
Home bilan grammatika: to va at
- go / come / get / arrive home — uyga bormoq / kelmoq / yetib olmoq (to yo‘q)
- at home — uyda (Is Dilnoza at home?)
- stay at home (Britaniya) / stay home (Amerika) — uyda qolmoq
- leave home — uydan chiqmoq; ota-ona uyidan ko‘chib ketmoq
- Welcome home! — Uyga xush kelibsiz! (safardan qaytganga)
- Welcome to our home! — Uyimizga xush kelibsiz! (mehmonga; egalik bilan to keladi)
- on the way home — uyga ketayotib
Egalik olmoshi qo‘shilsa, oddiy ot kabi to keladi: Come to my house for dinner. Kundalik nutqda ko‘pincha my place deyiladi: Let’s meet at my place. Joy predloglarining umumiy qoidasi in, on, at sahifasida.
Home bilan so‘z va iboralar
- homeland — vatan
- hometown — tug‘ilgan shahar
- homesick — uyni, yurtni sog‘ingan
- homemade — uyda tayyorlangan (homemade jam)
- homework — uy vazifasi (maktab, kurs)
- home country — o‘z mamlakati
- feel at home — o‘zini uyidagidek his qilmoq
- Make yourself at home. — Tortinmang, o‘z uyingizdek bo‘ling.
- Home sweet home! — Uyim, jonim uyim!
- There’s no place like home. — O‘z uyingdek joy yo‘q.
House bilan so‘z va iboralar
- housework — uy ishlari (tozalash, idish yuvish)
- household — xonadon, oila a’zolari birgalikda
- housewarming (party) — yangi uyga ko‘chib o‘tish munosabati bilan ziyofat
- a detached / semi-detached house — alohida / ikki oilaga bo‘lingan uy
- a house with a courtyard — hovli-joy
- house (fe’l, [hauz] deb o‘qiladi) — joylashtirmoq: The museum houses 2,000 manuscripts.
- on the house — tekin, muassasa hisobidan (The tea is on the house.)
Talaffuzga e’tibor: house [haus], ko‘pligi houses [ˈhauzɪz] — ikkinchi s “z” bo‘lib eshitiladi.
Flat yoki apartment
Ikkalasi ham kvartira. Britaniya va Yevropada flat, Amerikada apartment ko‘proq. Ko‘p qavatli bino: a block of flats (Britaniya) yoki an apartment building (Amerika). IELTS va xalqaro muloqotda ikkalasi ham tushuniladi; bitta variantni tanlab, izchil ishlating.
Xonalar sonida o‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p adashadi. O‘zbekistonda “2 xonali kvartira” deganda odatda zal va bitta yotoqxona tushuniladi, ingliz tilidagi e’lonlarda esa faqat yotoqxonalar sanaladi. Shuning uchun “2 xonali” ko‘pincha a one-bedroom flat, “3 xonali” esa a two-bedroom flat bo‘ladi. Uy turlarining to‘liq ro‘yxati uy turlari sahifasida, ijara e’lonlari tili esa kvartira ijarasi sahifasida.
Rasmlarda: house, flat va home
So‘z almashsa, ma’no ham o‘zgaradi
| Birinchi gap | Ikkinchi gap |
|---|---|
| I’m going home. — O‘z uyimga ketyapman. | I’m going to the house. — Anavi (aniq) uyga, masalan dachadagi uyga boryapman. |
| They built a house. — Uy (bino) qurishdi. | They built a home together. — Birga oila qurishdi, iliq muhit yaratishdi. |
| The kids are at home. — Bolalar uyda (maktabda emas). | The kids are in the house. — Bolalar ichkarida (hovlida emas). |
| I finished my housework. — Uy ishlarini tugatdim. | I finished my homework. — Uy vazifamni tugatdim. |
| Namangan is my home. — Namangan mening uyim, hozir ham shu yerda yashayman. | Namangan is my hometown. — Namanganda tug‘ilganman (hozir boshqa joyda bo‘lishim mumkin). |
“Uyga boraman” → go to home: 10 ta tipik xato
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| I go to home after lessons. | I go home after lessons. | home oldidan to yo‘q |
| I’m in home now. | I’m at home now. | uyda = at home |
| I arrived to home at midnight. | I got home / arrived home at midnight. | to yo‘q |
| I stayed in home all weekend. | I stayed at home all weekend. | at |
| Welcome to home, Dad! | Welcome home, Dad! | qaytgan odamga |
| We live in a house on the ninth floor. | We live in a flat on the ninth floor. | ko‘p qavatli bino = flat |
| We have a 3-room flat. | We have a two-bedroom flat. | yotoqxonalar sanaladi |
| I did my housework for the English class. | I did my homework for the English class. | homework = uy vazifasi |
| houses ni [ˈhausɪz] deb o‘qish | [ˈhauzɪz] | ko‘plikda “z” |
| I miss my house. (chet elda, yurtni sog‘inganda) | I miss home. / I’m homesick. | bino emas, oila va yurt |
Uy jihozlari va xonalar nomlarini uy jihozlari sahifasida takrorlang.
Dialog: Seulda yashaydigan talaba
Emma: You look sad, Shahzoda. Is everything OK?
Shahzoda: I’m just a bit homesick. I called my mum, and everyone was at home for my brother’s birthday.
Emma: Oh, I understand. Where is home for you?
Shahzoda: Fergana. My parents have a house with a big courtyard and grapevines. Here I live in a tiny flat on the eleventh floor.
Emma: When are you going home next?
Shahzoda: In January, after the exams. Mum has already promised to make homemade noodles.
Emma: That sounds lovely. Meanwhile, come to my place on Saturday. I’m having a housewarming party.
Shahzoda: Thank you! I’ll bring some Uzbek sweets. Maybe I’ll finally feel at home in this city.
Mashq: house, home, flat yoki apartment? (15 ta gap)
To‘g‘ri so‘zni yozing; kerak bo‘lsa predlog yoki artikl qo‘shing, keraksiz bo‘lsa qo‘shmang.
- What time do you usually get ______ from work?
- My grandparents live in ______ with a big garden in Chust.
- Nobody answered the phone. I think they aren’t ______.
- We rent a small ______ near the Chilonzor metro station. (Britaniya varianti)
- In New York, most people live in ______, not houses.
- After two years abroad, it’s wonderful to be ______ again.
- The teacher gave us a lot of ______ for Monday.
- Tashkent is my ______ now, although I was born in Termez.
- Please, come in and make yourself at ______.
- They sold the old ______ and moved to a new block of flats.
- I’m going ______ now. See you tomorrow!
- I do most of the ______ at weekends: cleaning, washing, ironing.
- The coffee is on the ______ today.
- We’re having a ______ party on Friday because we’ve just moved.
- Welcome ______, son! How was your trip?
Javoblar
- home — get home, to yo‘q.
- a house — bino, hovli-joy.
- at home — uyda.
- flat — Britaniya varianti, ko‘p qavatli binoda.
- apartments — Amerika varianti, ko‘plik.
- home / back home — be home ham to‘g‘ri, at home ham.
- homework — uy vazifasi.
- home — hozir yashaydigan, o‘z joyim deb bilgan shahar.
- home — make yourself at home.
- house — sotilgan bino.
- home — go home, to yo‘q.
- housework — uy ishlari.
- house — on the house = tekin.
- housewarming — yangi uy ziyofati.
- home — Welcome home!, to yo‘q.
1, 11 va 15-savollarda to qo‘ygan bo‘lsangiz, “uyga” odati hali kuchli. Har kuni ishdan yoki o‘qishdan qaytayotganda o‘zingizga ovoz chiqarib I’m going home deng: bir haftada avtomatik bo‘lib qoladi.
Uyingiz haqida gapirishni mashq qilish
IELTS Speaking Part 1’da “Do you live in a house or a flat?” savoli eng ko‘p uchraydiganlardan biri; namuna javoblar home va accommodation sahifasida. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbatda uyingiz, mahallangiz va tug‘ilgan shahringizni tasvirlaysiz. AI go to home kabi xatolarni belgilab, to‘g‘ri variantni ko‘rsatadi; bu o‘rganish uchun yordam, rasmiy band emas.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
