Bu darsda kecha, o‘tgan hafta yoki dam olish kunlari nima qilganingizni aytishni o‘rganasiz: Yesterday I went to the bazaar, bought some fruit and cooked dinner. Buning uchun Past Simple kerak. To‘g‘ri fe’llarga -ed qo‘shiladi (watch → watched), noto‘g‘ri fe’llar esa o‘z shakliga ega (go → went, have → had). Inkor va so‘roqda did ishlatiladi, fe’l esa lug‘atdagi shakliga qaytadi: I didn’t go. Did you go?
3-darsda har kungi ishlaringizni aytdingiz: I get up at seven. Bugun xuddi shu gaplarni o‘tgan zamonga o‘tkazasiz: Yesterday I got up at seven.
Bu darsda nimani o‘rganasiz
- o‘tgan zamonda eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan 20 ta fe’l va vaqt iborasi;
- Past Simple: darak, inkor, so‘roq;
- -ed ning uch xil talaffuzi;
- yesterday, last night, two days ago kabi so‘zlar;
- first, then, after that bilan qisqa hikoya aytish.
Darsga 50 daqiqa ketadi. Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarni bir kunda yodlashga urinmang: bugun jadvaldagi 12 tasi yetarli.
Yangi so‘zlar
| Fe’l (hozir → o‘tgan) | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| go → went | bormoq | I went to Chorsu bazaar. |
| have → had | ega bo‘lmoq, yemoq | We had plov for lunch. |
| get up → got up | turmoq | I got up late on Sunday. |
| eat → ate | yemoq | She ate somsa for breakfast. |
| see → saw | ko‘rmoq | We saw a good film. |
| meet → met | uchratmoq | I met my old classmate. |
| buy → bought | sotib olmoq | He bought a new phone. |
| make → made | qilmoq, tayyorlamoq | Mum made a cake. |
| take → took | olmoq | We took a taxi home. |
| come → came | kelmoq | My cousins came to our house. |
| watch → watched | tomosha qilmoq | I watched a football match. |
| play → played | o‘ynamoq | The boys played football. |
| cook → cooked | pishirmoq | Dad cooked dinner. |
| walk → walked | piyoda yurmoq | We walked in the park. |
| visit → visited | borib ko‘rmoq | We visited my grandmother. |
| stay → stayed | qolmoq | I stayed at home all day. |
| yesterday | kecha | Yesterday was Saturday. |
| last night | kecha kechqurun | I slept badly last night. |
| last week | o‘tgan hafta | We had an exam last week. |
| ago | oldin | I started English two months ago. |
Grammatika
Past Simple: bitta shakl hamma uchun
Present Simple’dan farqli, bu zamonda he/she uchun alohida qo‘shimcha yo‘q: I went, she went, they went. Bu yaxshi xabar.
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | ega + V2 | She visited her aunt. / We went to Samarkand. |
| Inkor | ega + didn’t + V1 | She didn’t visit her aunt. / We didn’t go. |
| So‘roq | Did + ega + V1? | Did she visit her aunt? / Did you go? |
| Maxsus savol | so‘roq so‘zi + did + ega + V1? | Where did you go? What did you eat? |
Asosiy qoida: did kelsa, fe’l birinchi shaklga qaytadi. O‘tgan zamon belgisi gapda bir marta bo‘ladi: yo fe’lda (went), yo didda. To‘g‘ri fe’llar imlosi, was/were va 20 ta misol Past Simple qoidasi sahifasida.
-ed qanday o‘qiladi?
| Talaffuz | Qachon | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | p, k, s, sh, ch, f dan keyin | walked, cooked, watched, washed |
| /d/ | unli va boshqa jarangli tovushlardan keyin | played, stayed, cleaned, called |
| /ɪd/ | t yoki d dan keyin | visited, wanted, needed, started |
Ko‘p o‘quvchilar walked so‘zini "vol-ked" deb ikki bo‘g‘in qilib o‘qiydi. To‘g‘risi bitta bo‘g‘in: /wɔːkt/. Alohida bo‘g‘in faqat t/d dan keyin chiqadi: vi-si-ted.
Vaqt so‘zlari va odatiy xatolar
Yesterday, last night, last Sunday, three days ago, in 2024 so‘zlari gap boshida yoki oxirida turadi. "Kecha kechqurun"ni yesterday night deb emas, last night deb ayting.
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| I didn’t went to school. | I didn’t go to school. |
| Did you saw the match? | Did you see the match? |
| Yesterday I go to the bazaar. | Yesterday I went to the bazaar. |
| I goed home. | I went home. |
| Yesterday night I watched TV. | Last night I watched TV. |
Qolgan noto‘g‘ri fe’llar uchta shakli va tarjimasi bilan noto‘g‘ri fe’llar ro‘yxati sahifasida jamlangan. Har kuni 5 tadan qo‘shib boring.
Hikoya: Shahzodaning shanbasi
Quyidagi qisqa matnni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing va har bir o‘tgan zamon fe’lini belgilang.
Last Saturday was a busy day for Shahzoda. She got up at eight and had breakfast with her family. After breakfast, she took the bus to her grandmother’s house in Qo‘yliq. They cooked plov together and talked a lot. In the afternoon, Shahzoda met her friend Laylo, and they walked in the park. They took photos and ate ice cream. Shahzoda came home at seven. She was tired, but she was happy. She didn’t watch TV. She went to bed early.
Matnda 15 ta o‘tgan zamon shakli bor (was ham shu jumladan). Hikoya tuzilishiga qarang: vaqt so‘zi (Last Saturday, After breakfast, In the afternoon) har bir qismni ochib beradi. O‘zingiz gapirganda ham shunday qiling.
Dialog
Dushanba kuni ertalab ishxonada ikki hamkasb gaplashyapti.
Rustam: Hi, Kamola! How was your weekend?
Kamola: It was great, thanks. On Saturday we went to Chorvoq with my family.
Rustam: Really? Did you swim?
Kamola: No, the water was too cold! But we walked by the lake and had lunch in a small café. What about you? What did you do?
Rustam: Nothing special. I stayed at home on Saturday. I watched the Uzbekistan match on TV.
Kamola: Oh, did they win?
Rustam: Yes, they did! Two–one. And on Sunday I visited my parents in Chirchiq.
Kamola: How did you get there?
Rustam: I took the train. It was fast and comfortable.
Kamola: Nice. I didn’t do any work this weekend, so today I’m very busy!
How was your weekend? — dushanba kuni eng ko‘p eshitiladigan savol. Javobni It was great / OK / boring bilan boshlang, keyin 2–3 gap bilan tafsilot qo‘shing.
Gapirish vazifasi
1-qadam (5 daqiqa). Kechagi kuningizni 8 ta gapda yozing. Kamida 4 ta noto‘g‘ri fe’l va bitta inkor gap bo‘lsin (I didn’t…).
2-qadam (3 daqiqa). Gaplarni First, … Then, … After that, … Finally, … so‘zlari bilan bog‘lab, bitta hikoya qiling.
3-qadam (2 daqiqa). Hikoyani qog‘ozga qaramay telefonga gapirib yozib oling. Tinglab, ikki narsani tekshiring: diddan keyin fe’l birinchi shaklda qoldimi, -ed ortiqcha bo‘g‘in bo‘lib ketmadimi.
Juftlikda: bir-biringizdan What did you do yesterday? Where did you go? What did you eat? deb so‘rang va har javobga bitta qo‘shimcha savol bering.
Mashq
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni Past Simple’ga qo‘ying.
1. We ___ (go) to Bukhara last summer.
2. She ___ (buy) a new bag yesterday.
3. I ___ (not / see) him at the party.
4. ___ you ___ (cook) dinner last night?
5. They ___ (visit) the museum two days ago.
6. My brother ___ (not / eat) breakfast this morning.
B. Savol tuzing.
7. (where / you / go / on Sunday)
8. (what / she / buy)
C. Xatoni tuzating.
9. Did you went to school yesterday?
10. Yesterday night we play chess.
Javoblar
1. went. 2. bought. 3. didn’t see. 4. Did … cook. 5. visited (/ɪd/ bilan o‘qiladi). 6. didn’t eat.
7. Where did you go on Sunday? 8. What did she buy?
9. Did you go to school yesterday? 10. Last night we played chess.
A qismida didn’t bilan xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, grammatika jadvalidagi "Inkor" qatorini uch marta ovoz chiqarib o‘qing.
Keyingi qadam
Bugun kechqurun, uxlashdan oldin, kuningizni ichingizda inglizcha 5 gapda aytib chiqing. Bu kichik odat Past Simple’ni bir hafta ichida avtomatik qiladi.
BandMate ilovasida Bandi har suhbatni What did you do yesterday? kabi savol bilan boshlashi mumkin. Siz ovoz bilan javob berasiz, u esa qo‘shimcha savol beradi va fe’l shakllaridagi xatolarni ko‘rsatadi.
Oldingi dars: 5-dars — shahar va yo‘l so‘rash. Keyingi dars: 7-dars — rejalar: o‘tmishdan kelajakka o‘tamiz va going to bilan reja tuzamiz.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
