Bu darsda hayotingizdagi tajribalar haqida so‘rash va gapirishni o‘rganasiz: Have you ever been to Bukhara? — Yes, I have. I went there last spring. Tajriba qachon bo‘lgani muhim bo‘lmasa, Present Perfect (have/has + fe’lning 3-shakli) ishlatiladi. Aniq vaqt aytilsa (last spring, in 2022), 6-darsdagi Past Simplega o‘tasiz.
7-darsda kelajak rejalarini tuzdingiz. Bugun butun hayotga qaraymiz: nima qilgansiz, nima hali qilmagansiz.
Bu darsda nimani o‘rganasiz
- tajriba haqida gapirish uchun 15 ta fe’lning uchinchi shakli va 5 ta vaqt so‘zi;
- Present Perfect: I have tried, she has seen, have you ever…?;
- been to va gone to farqi;
- tajriba haqidagi suhbat qanday qurilishi: Present Perfect bilan savol, Past Simple bilan tafsilot;
- ever, never, once, twice so‘zlari.
Taxminiy vaqt: 50 daqiqa. Bu darsning grammatikasi avvalgilaridan sal qiyinroq, shuning uchun mashqqa ko‘proq vaqt qoldiring.
Yangi so‘zlar
Fe’llarning uchala shakli berilgan: hozirgi, o‘tgan (6-darsdan tanish) va uchinchi shakl (V3). Bugun sizga uchinchi shakl kerak.
| Fe’l (V1 – V2 – V3) | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| be – was/were – been | bo‘lmoq, borib kelmoq | I’ve been to Khiva twice. |
| go – went – gone | bormoq | She’s gone to the shop. |
| see – saw – seen | ko‘rmoq | Have you seen the sea? |
| eat – ate – eaten | yemoq | I’ve never eaten sushi. |
| try – tried – tried | tatib ko‘rmoq, urinib ko‘rmoq | Have you tried kimchi? |
| fly – flew – flown | uchmoq | He has never flown in a plane. |
| ride – rode – ridden | minmoq (ot, velosiped) | I’ve ridden a horse in Jizzakh. |
| meet – met – met | uchratmoq | Have you ever met a famous person? |
| swim – swam – swum | suzmoq | We’ve swum in Charvak lake. |
| win – won – won | yutmoq | Our team has won a lot of matches. |
| lose – lost – lost | yo‘qotmoq | I’ve lost my keys three times this year. |
| climb – climbed – climbed | chiqmoq (tog‘ga) | Have you climbed Big Chimgan? |
| read – read – read | o‘qimoq | I’ve read this book in Uzbek. |
| visit – visited – visited | borib ko‘rmoq | They’ve visited Samarkand many times. |
| hear – heard – heard | eshitmoq | Have you heard this song? |
| ever | hech (so‘roqda) | Have you ever been abroad? |
| never | hech qachon | I’ve never seen snow in April. |
| once | bir marta | I’ve been to Tashkent Zoo once. |
| twice | ikki marta | She’s flown to Moscow twice. |
| three times | uch marta | I’ve tried plov in Bukhara three times. |
Grammatika
Present Perfect: yasalishi
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | ega + have/has + V3 | I’ve tried plov in Samarkand. / She’s seen the sea. |
| Inkor | ega + haven’t/hasn’t + V3 | We haven’t been to Khiva. / He hasn’t flown. |
| So‘roq | Have/Has + ega + (ever) + V3? | Have you ever eaten fish soup? |
| Javob | Yes, ega + have/has. / No, ega + haven’t/hasn’t. | Yes, I have. / No, she hasn’t. |
He, she, it bilan has, qolganlar bilan have. Qisqa shakllar: I’ve, you’ve, she’s, he’s, we’ve, they’ve. She’s seen dagi ’s — bu has, is emas; buni V3 shaklidan bilib olasiz.
Present Perfect’ning boshqa ma’nolari (just, already, yet, for, since) va 20 ta misol Present Perfect qoidasi sahifasida. Bu darsda faqat bitta ma’noni olamiz: hayotdagi tajriba.
Been to va gone to
- She has been to Tashkent. — U Toshkentga borib kelgan (hozir qaytib kelgan).
- She has gone to Tashkent. — U Toshkentga ketgan (hozir o‘sha yerda).
Tajriba haqida so‘raganda doim been to: Have you ever been to Samarkand? (Have you ever gone emas).
Suhbat qanday quriladi: Perfect → Past
Tajriba haqidagi suhbat odatda ikki bosqichda boradi:
- Umumiy savol, vaqtsiz: Have you ever been to Khiva? — Yes, I have.
- Tafsilot, aniq vaqt bilan: When did you go? — I went there in 2023. Did you like it? — Yes, I loved it.
Aniq vaqt so‘zi (yesterday, last year, in 2023, two weeks ago) bor gapda Present Perfect ishlatilmaydi. Bu qoida o‘zbek va rus tilida so‘zlashuvchilar uchun eng qiyini, chunki bizning tillarimizda bunday ajratish yo‘q. Ikkala zamonning to‘liq taqqoslanishi Present Perfect va Past Simple farqi sahifasida.
Odatiy xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| I have been in Bukhara last year. | I went to Bukhara last year. |
| Have you ever went to Samarkand? | Have you ever been to Samarkand? |
| She have seen the sea. | She has seen the sea. |
| I have never not eaten sushi. | I have never eaten sushi. |
| Did you ever try kimchi? (britancha nutqda) | Have you ever tried kimchi? |
Never o‘zi inkor ma’nosini beradi, unga not qo‘shilmaydi. O‘zbekchadagi "hech qachon yemaganman" ikki inkorni tarjima qilishga urinmang. Ever va never boshqa zamonlarda qanday ishlatilishi ever va never qoidasi sahifasida.
Dialog
Universitetning ingliz tili klubida yangi a’zolar bir-birini tanimoqda. Farrux va Zarina juftlikda.
Farrux: OK, first question. Have you ever been abroad?
Zarina: Yes, I have. I’ve been to Turkey and Kazakhstan.
Farrux: Cool! When did you go to Turkey?
Zarina: Two years ago, with my family. We stayed in Antalya for a week. What about you?
Farrux: No, I’ve never been abroad. But I’ve travelled a lot in Uzbekistan. I’ve been to Khiva, Bukhara and Termez.
Zarina: Wow. I haven’t been to Termez. Did you like it?
Farrux: Yes, but it was very hot! OK, your turn.
Zarina: Have you ever flown in a plane?
Farrux: Yes, once. I flew to Nukus last year for my cousin’s wedding.
Zarina: Have you ever tried Karakalpak food there?
Farrux: Yes, I have. I tried a very tasty fish dish. Have you ever cooked plov yourself?
Zarina: Never! My brother always cooks it. But I’m going to learn this winter.
Suhbatning tuzilishiga qarang: har bir Have you ever…? savolidan keyin When did you…? Did you like it? kabi Past Simple savol keladi. Oxirida 7-darsdagi going to ham chiqdi.
Gapirish vazifasi
1-qadam: savollar (3 daqiqa). Quyidagi iboralardan 8 ta Have you ever…? savol tuzing: be to the mountains, eat horse meat, fly in a plane, see the sea, meet a famous person, lose your phone, swim in a lake, win a competition.
2-qadam: o‘z javoblaringiz (4 daqiqa). Har bir savolga o‘zingiz javob bering. "Ha" bo‘lsa, Past Simple bilan bitta tafsilot qo‘shing: Yes, I have. I saw the sea in Batumi in 2024. "Yo‘q" bo‘lsa: No, I haven’t, but I’d like to.
3-qadam: suhbat (3 daqiqa). Do‘stingiz yoki oila a’zongizdan so‘rang va javoblarni uchinchi shaxsda ayting: My sister has never flown in a plane. She has swum in Charvak. Yozib olib tinglang: has va have to‘g‘ri tanlandimi?
Mashq
A. Present Perfect bilan to‘ldiring.
1. I ___ (never / eat) kimchi.
2. ___ you ever ___ (see) snow in Samarkand?
3. My father ___ (be) to Moscow three times.
4. She ___ (not / fly) in a plane.
5. We ___ (visit) Khiva twice.
B. Present Perfect yoki Past Simple?
6. I ___ (go) to Bukhara last summer.
7. ___ you ever ___ (try) Karakalpak food?
8. He ___ (meet) a famous footballer in 2023.
C. Been yoki gone?
9. "Where’s Aziz?" — "He’s ___ to the bank. He’ll be back in an hour."
10. I’ve ___ to Termez once. It was very hot.
Javoblar
1. have never eaten (I’ve never eaten). 2. Have … seen. 3. has been. 4. hasn’t flown. 5. have visited (We’ve visited).
6. went — last summer aniq vaqt. 7. Have … tried — tajriba, vaqtsiz. 8. met — in 2023 aniq vaqt.
9. gone — u hali bankda. 10. been — borib qaytgan.
B qismida xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, gapda aniq vaqt so‘zi bor-yo‘qligini qidiring. Vaqt bor bo‘lsa, Past Simple.
Keyingi qadam
Bugun kimdandir bitta haqiqiy savol so‘rang: Have you ever…? Javobni eshitib, When did you…? bilan davom eting. Ikki zamonni bir suhbatda ishlatish bu darsning asosiy maqsadi.
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan "tanishuv" suhbatini o‘ynashingiz mumkin: u sizga Have you ever…? savollar beradi va tafsilot so‘raydi. Javobingizdagi have/has va zamon tanlovi bo‘yicha izoh olasiz.
Oldingi dars: 7-dars — rejalar. Keyingi dars: 9-dars — taqqoslash, unda joylarni bigger, more beautiful kabi so‘zlar bilan solishtirasiz.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
