Bu darsda ikki joyni solishtirishni o‘rganasiz: Tashkent is bigger than Namangan. Life in the village is quieter, but the city is more interesting. Qisqa sifatga -er qo‘shiladi (big → bigger), uzun sifat oldidan more keladi (expensive → more expensive), solishtirilayotgan narsa esa than bilan beriladi. O‘zbekchadagi "-roq" va "...dan" qo‘shimchalari inglizchada shu ikki bo‘lakka ajraladi.
8-darsda hayotdagi tajribalar haqida gapirdingiz: Have you ever been to Khiva? Endi borgan joylaringizni bir-biri bilan taqqoslay olasiz: Khiva is smaller than Bukhara, but it’s more beautiful at night.
Bu darsda nimani o‘rganasiz
- joylarni tasvirlash uchun 20 ta sifat va ularning qiyosiy shakli;
- qiyosiy daraja qoidasi: -er, -ier, harfni ikkilash, more;
- noto‘g‘ri shakllar: good → better, bad → worse, far → further;
- than, much bigger, a bit cheaper va not as big as;
- shahar va qishloq haqida fikr aytish va sababini tushuntirish.
Taxminiy vaqt: 45 daqiqa. Grammatika qisqa, asosiy vaqtni gapirish vazifasiga qoldiring.
Yangi so‘zlar
Har bir sifatni ikkinchi shakli bilan birga yodlang: cheap – cheaper. Shunda gap tuzayotganda to‘xtab o‘ylab o‘tirmaysiz.
| Sifat | Qiyosiy shakl | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| big | bigger | katta | Tashkent is bigger than Samarkand. |
| small | smaller | kichik | Our village is smaller than the town. |
| old | older | eski, qadimiy | Bukhara is older than Tashkent. |
| new | newer | yangi | The new metro stations are newer and brighter. |
| busy | busier | gavjum, serharakat | Chilonzor is busier than our street. |
| quiet | quieter | tinch | Villages are quieter at night. |
| noisy | noisier | shovqinli | The bazaar is noisier in the morning. |
| crowded | more crowded | odam ko‘p, tiqilinch | The metro is more crowded at 8 a.m. |
| clean | cleaner | toza | The air in the mountains is cleaner. |
| safe | safer | xavfsiz | This street is safer than that one. |
| cheap | cheaper | arzon | Fruit is cheaper in summer. |
| expensive | more expensive | qimmat | Flats in the centre are more expensive. |
| fast | faster | tez | The train is faster than the bus. |
| slow | slower | sekin | Traffic is slower in the evening. |
| beautiful | more beautiful | chiroyli | Khiva is more beautiful at sunset. |
| interesting | more interesting | qiziqarli | The city is more interesting for young people. |
| comfortable | more comfortable | qulay | Our new flat is more comfortable. |
| friendly | friendlier | samimiy, xushmuomala | People in small towns are often friendlier. |
| good | better | yaxshi | The weather is better in autumn. |
| far | further / farther | uzoq | The airport is further than the station. |
Grammatika
Qiyosiy daraja qanday yasaladi
| Sifat turi | Qoida | Misollar |
|---|---|---|
| bir bo‘g‘inli | + er | cheap → cheaper, old → older, fast → faster |
| -e bilan tugaydi | + r | safe → safer, nice → nicer, large → larger |
| unli + undosh bilan tugaydi | undosh ikkilanadi + er | big → bigger, hot → hotter, thin → thinner |
| undosh + -y bilan tugaydi | y → ier | busy → busier, noisy → noisier, easy → easier |
| ikki va undan ko‘p bo‘g‘inli | more + sifat | more expensive, more beautiful, more crowded |
| noto‘g‘ri | yodlanadi | good → better, bad → worse, far → further |
Ikkinchi narsa than bilan keladi: Samarkand is older than Tashkent. Gapni thansiz ham tugatish mumkin, agar nima bilan solishtirayotganingiz aniq bo‘lsa: I like Namangan. It’s quieter.
Sifat darajalarining uchinchi bosqichi (the biggest, the most beautiful) va barcha istisnolar sifat darajalari sahifasida. Bu darsda faqat ikki narsani solishtirish.
Farq qanchalik katta: much, a bit
- Tashkent is much bigger than Gulistan. — ancha katta.
- The bus is a bit cheaper than the metro. — sal arzonroq.
- Life in the city is much more expensive. — more oldidan ham much qo‘yiladi.
Very qiyosiy sifat bilan ishlatilmaydi: very bigger emas, much bigger.
Not as … as: yumshoqroq taqqoslash
Namangan is not as big as Tashkent. — Namangan Toshkentchalik katta emas. Bu gap Namangan is smaller than Tashkent bilan bir xil ma’noda, lekin ohangi yumshoqroq. O‘z shahringiz haqida gapirganda foydali: kamchilikni xafa qilmasdan aytasiz. As … as ichida sifat o‘zgarmaydi: not as bigger as deyilmaydi.
O‘zbekcha "-roq" tuzog‘i
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Sabab |
|---|---|---|
| Tashkent is more big than Samarkand. | Tashkent is bigger than Samarkand. | qisqa sifat -er oladi |
| Bukhara is older from Tashkent. | Bukhara is older than Tashkent. | "...dan" = than, from emas |
| The metro is more faster. | The metro is faster. | ikki marta qiyoslanmaydi |
| My village is gooder. | My village is better. | good noto‘g‘ri shakl oladi |
| Life here is very cheaper. | Life here is much cheaper. | very emas, much |
| Samarkand is beautifuler. | Samarkand is more beautiful. | uzun sifat more oladi |
O‘zbekchada "Toshkent Samarqanddan kattaroq" gapida taqqoslanuvchi narsa sifatdan oldin keladi. Inglizchada tartib teskari: avval sifat, keyin than va ikkinchi narsa.
Dialog
Madina Samarqanddan Toshkentga o‘qishga kelgan. Kursdoshi Laylo undan yangi shahar haqida so‘rayapti.
Laylo: So, how do you like Tashkent? Is it very different from Samarkand?
Madina: Yes, it’s much bigger! And the streets are busier. Sometimes I get tired of the traffic.
Laylo: That’s true. But the metro is faster than a taxi in the evening.
Madina: I know, I use it every day. It’s cheaper too. But it’s more crowded than I expected.
Laylo: What do you miss about Samarkand?
Madina: The old town. Samarkand is older and, for me, more beautiful. My street there is quieter, and the neighbours are friendlier. Everybody knows everybody.
Laylo: And what’s better in Tashkent?
Madina: Well, there are more cafés, more libraries, and life is more interesting for students. The only problem is flats. They’re much more expensive here.
Laylo: Is the weather different?
Madina: Not really. Tashkent is not as hot as Samarkand in July, I think, but it’s a bit colder in winter.
Laylo: So, which city do you prefer?
Madina: For studying, Tashkent. For living, Samarkand. Ask me again next year!
Dialogdagi uch usulga qarang: -er (busier, older), more (more crowded, more expensive) va yumshoq not as hot as. So‘nggi savol Which … do you prefer? taqqoslash suhbatini tugatishning eng tabiiy usuli.
Gapirish vazifasi
1-qadam: ikki joy tanlang (2 daqiqa). Tug‘ilgan shahringiz yoki qishlog‘ingiz va hozir yashayotgan joyingiz. Bir joyda yashagan bo‘lsangiz, o‘z mahallangiz va shahar markazini oling.
2-qadam: 6 ta gap yozing (5 daqiqa). Jadvaldagi sifatlardan foydalaning: kamida ikkitasi -er, ikkitasi more, bittasi much yoki a bit, bittasi not as … as bilan. Masalan: My village is much quieter than Andijan. Andijan is not as clean as my village.
3-qadam: bir daqiqa gapiring (3 daqiqa). Gaplarni qog‘ozga qaramasdan ayting va oxirida tanlovingizni sabab bilan tushuntiring: I prefer … because … Telefonga yozib oling va tekshiring: than o‘rniga from aytmadingizmi?
Shahringizni to‘liq matn qilib yozmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, shahrim haqida inglizcha matn sahifasidagi shablon tayyor.
Mashq
A. Qavsdagi sifatning qiyosiy shaklini yozing.
1. The metro is ___ (fast) than the bus.
2. Flats in the city centre are ___ (expensive) than flats in Sergeli.
3. Our new school is ___ (big) than the old one.
4. The weather today is ___ (good) than yesterday.
5. Chorsu Bazaar is ___ (busy) on Saturdays.
6. For me, Khiva is ___ (beautiful) than Nukus.
B. Xatoni toping va to‘g‘rilang.
7. My brother is more tall than me.
8. Fergana is smaller from Tashkent.
9. The village is very quieter than the city.
C. Not as … as bilan qayta yozing.
10. Gulistan is smaller than Tashkent. → Gulistan ___ Tashkent.
Javoblar
1. faster 2. more expensive 3. bigger (g ikkilanadi) 4. better 5. busier 6. more beautiful
7. My brother is taller than me. 8. Fergana is smaller than Tashkent. 9. The village is much quieter than the city.
10. Gulistan is not as big as Tashkent.
A qismida uch va undan ko‘p xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, jadvaldagi qoidani qayta ko‘ring va sifat darajalari mashqlari sahifasida yana 20 ta gap ishlang.
Keyingi qadam
Bugun kimgadir haqiqiy savol bering: Which is better, the city or the village? Javobni tinglab, Why? deb davom eting. Taqqoslash hayotda eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladigan grammatikalardan biri: narx, ob-havo, transport, ish.
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan "ikki shahar" suhbatini o‘tkazing: u sizdan tug‘ilgan shahringizni boshqa joy bilan solishtirishni so‘raydi va javobingizdagi qiyosiy shakllar bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Bu izoh mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
Oldingi dars: 8-dars — tajribalar. Keyingi dars: 10-dars — sog‘liq, unda tana va kasallik so‘zlarini hamda should bilan maslahat berishni o‘rganasiz.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
