Ingliz tili darajalari A1–C2: har daraja nimani anglatadi

Ingliz tili darajalari oltita: A1 va A2 — boshlang‘ich, B1 va B2 — mustaqil, C1 va C2 — malakali foydalanuvchi. Bu shkala Yevropa Kengashining CEFR tizimidan olingan va “qaysi darslikni tugatdingiz” degan savolga emas, “til bilan nima qila olasiz” degan savolga javob beradi. Cambridge ma’lumotiga ko‘ra noldan B1 gacha taxminan 350–400, B2 gacha 500–600 soat o‘qituvchi rahbarligidagi dars kerak bo‘ladi; bu raqamlar faqat mo‘ljal.

Quyidagi tavsiflar CEFR’ning umumiy shkalasi va o‘zini baholash jadvali asosida o‘zbek tilida qayta ifodalangan, so‘zma-so‘z tarjima emas. Har bir daraja uchun alohida batafsil sahifa ham bor, ro‘yxati maqola oxirida.

Olti daraja bir jadvalda

CEFR’ning 2001-yilgi asl matnida darajalarning inglizcha nomlari ham bor: A1 — Breakthrough, A2 — Waystage, B1 — Threshold (ostona), B2 — Vantage, C1 — Effective Operational Proficiency, C2 — Mastery. B1 ning “ostona” deb atalishi bejiz emas: shu darajadan boshlab siz tilda o‘zingiz harakat qila olasiz.

Ikki narsani yodda tuting:

• Daraja ko‘nikma bo‘yicha farq qiladi. O‘qish B2, gapirish A2 bo‘lishi odatiy hol. Maktab va kurslarda grammatika va o‘qish ko‘proq, gapirish kamroq mashq qilinadi, shuning uchun o‘zbek o‘rganuvchilarda profil ko‘pincha notekis.
• CEFR imtihon emas. Bu o‘lchov tili. Darajani IELTS, Cambridge imtihonlari yoki milliy sertifikat (Multilevel) kabi testlar tasdiqlaydi.

Bitta savol, olti xil javob

Savol (mashq uchun): What did you do last weekend? Quyidagi javoblarni tahririyat yozgan. Ular har darajaning tipik ko‘rinishini ko‘rsatadi, rasmiy namuna emas.

A1:

I stay home. I watch TV. My mother cook plov. It is very good.

Gaplar alohida-alohida, o‘tgan zamon hali yo‘q (stay, cook). Shunga qaramay tinglovchi asosiy ma’noni tushunadi.

A2:

On Saturday I went to Chorsu Bazaar with my brother. We bought some fruit and a new bag. In the evening we ate plov at home. It was a nice day.

Past Simple paydo bo‘ldi, voqealar ketma-ket. Lekin javob faqat “nima bo‘ldi” degan savolga javob beradi.

B1:

Last weekend was quite busy. On Saturday I helped my uncle move to a new flat in Yunusobod, so I was really tired in the evening. On Sunday I just relaxed and watched a film. I enjoyed it because the story was unusual, although the ending was a bit disappointing.

Sabab va natija bog‘langan (so, because, although), shaxsiy baho bor.

B2:

I spent most of Saturday helping my uncle move house, which turned out to be harder than we expected, mainly because the lift in his building wasn’t working. By the evening I was exhausted, so on Sunday I deliberately kept things quiet. I think slow days like that are underrated: if I don’t have one, I find it harder to concentrate the following week.

Gap tuzilishi murakkablashdi (which turned out to be), umumiy fikr va shart gap qo‘shildi.

C1:

It was one of those weekends that disappears before you notice. Most of Saturday went on helping my uncle move, and since the lift was out of order, every wardrobe went down six flights of stairs. I kept Sunday deliberately empty, partly to recover and partly because I’ve come to realise that without a day like that, the week ahead feels crowded before it has even started.

Ifoda ixcham va tabiiy, sabablar qatlamli (partly… partly…), ohang ongli tanlangan.

C2:

Mostly I played removal man for my uncle, and with his lift out of action, “moving house” became a rather literal workout: six floors, one wardrobe at a time. Sunday I guarded jealously. I’ve stopped treating a blank day as wasted; if anything, it’s what keeps the rest of the week from fraying at the edges.

Hazil, so‘z o‘yini va obrazli ibora (fraying at the edges) joyida ishlatilgan. C2 ni “qiyin so‘zlar” emas, ohang va ma’noni to‘liq boshqarish ajratib turadi.

Qaysi vaziyat uchun qaysi daraja?

Quyidagi jadval tahririyatning taxminiy mo‘ljali, rasmiy talab emas. Aniq talabni har doim universitet, ish beruvchi yoki dastur sahifasidan o‘qing.

Har daraja uchun qancha vaqt kerak?

Cambridge Assessment English har daraja uchun taxminiy “guided learning hours” — o‘qituvchi rahbarligidagi dars soatlarini keltiradi. Soatlar noldan boshlab jamlanadi:

Cambridge bu raqamlarni qat’iy norma emas, mo‘ljal deb ataydi: natija oldingi til tajribangizga, darslar zichligiga, yoshingizga va darsdan tashqari qancha mashq qilishingizga bog‘liq. A1 uchun alohida raqam berilmagan; u A2 gacha bo‘lgan yo‘lning birinchi qismi.

Oddiy hisob-kitob: haftasiga 6 soat dars qilsangiz, noldan B1 gacha 350–400 soat taxminan 60–67 hafta, ya’ni 14–16 oy bo‘ladi. Ikki qo‘shni daraja orasida odatda 150–200 soat farq bor. Shuning uchun “uch oyda B1 dan B2 ga” degan va’dani eshitsangiz, hisoblang: bu haftasiga 12–15 soat mashg‘ulot degani.

IELTS, Cambridge va Multilevel bilan taxminiy moslik

IELTS 5.0, 6.5 va 8.0 chegaraviy ballar: ular qo‘shni ikki daraja o‘rtasida turadi. Multilevel chegaralari Bilim va malakalarni baholash agentligining 2023-yilgi byulletenidan olingan; sertifikat olishdan oldin agentlik saytida o‘zgarish bor-yo‘qligini tekshiring. Nima uchun “Multilevel 60 = IELTS 6.5” deb bo‘lmasligi CEFR va IELTS ballari sahifasida batafsil tushuntirilgan.

Mashq: tavsifni darajaga moslang

Har bir “qila olaman” gapi qaysi darajaga tegishli? Avval o‘zingiz javob bering, keyin pastdan tekshiring.

• 1. Mehmonxona ro‘yxat varaqasiga ismim, millatim va manzilimni yoza olaman.
• 2. Avtobus jadvali yoki menyudan kerakli ma’lumotni topa olaman.
• 3. Ko‘rgan filmim syujetini aytib, unga munosabatimni bildira olaman.
• 4. Mavzu tanish bo‘lsa, ma’ruzadagi murakkab argumentni kuzatib boraman.
• 5. Kimgadir rahmat aytgan qisqa, sodda shaxsiy xat yoza olaman.
• 6. O‘z sohamga aloqasi bo‘lmagan uzun texnik yo‘riqnomani ham tushunaman.
• 7. Tez, jonli nutqni ham tushunaman, faqat aksentga ko‘nikishga ozgina vaqt kerak.
• 8. Dolzarb masala bo‘yicha turli variantlarning afzallik va kamchiliklarini tushuntira olaman.

Javoblar

1 — A1; 2 — A2; 3 — B1; 4 — B2; 5 — A2; 6 — C1; 7 — C2; 8 — B2.

Olti yoki undan ko‘p to‘g‘ri topgan bo‘lsangiz, darajalar orasidagi farqni yaxshi his qilasiz. 4 va 6-gaplarda adashish ko‘p uchraydi: B2 da mavzu tanish bo‘lishi shart, C1 da esa notanish sohadagi matn ham tushuniladi.

Har bir daraja haqida batafsil

Har bir sahifada to‘rt ko‘nikma bo‘yicha “qila olaman” ro‘yxati, shu darajadagi namuna matn, grammatika va lug‘at, o‘zini tekshirish testi va keyingi darajaga reja bor:

• A1 daraja nima — birinchi 100–200 soat: o‘zingizni tanishtirish va omon qolish iboralari.
• A2 daraja nima — kundalik vaziyatlar va tipik bo‘shliqlar.
• B1 daraja nima — mustaqil foydalanuvchi va milliy sertifikatdagi B1.
• B2 daraja nima — universitet va ish talablari, B2 ni tasdiqlash yo‘llari.
• C1 daraja nima — akademik va kasbiy daraja.
• C2 daraja nima — kimga kerak va C1 dan nimasi bilan farq qiladi.

O‘z darajangizni hozir taxminan bilmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, darajani aniqlash mini-testini bajaring: u har ko‘nikmani alohida baholashga yordam beradi.

BandMate bilan

Daraja kitobdan emas, gapirish va tinglashda ko‘rinadi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan ovozli suhbat qurasiz, darajangizga mos darslardan o‘tasiz va talaffuz bo‘yicha fikr olasiz. Ilova sizga sertifikat bermaydi va uning bahosi rasmiy CEFR darajasi emas; rasmiy natijani faqat imtihon beradi.

Manbalar

• Council of Europe: CEFR Global scale (Table 1)
• Council of Europe: Self-assessment grid (Table 2)
• Cambridge English: Guided learning hours
• IELTS: IELTS and the CEFR
• Cambridge English: Results and the Cambridge English Scale
• Agentlik byulleteni 1/2023: Multilevel natijalari tahlili (PDF)

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling