Ingliz tilida fasllar: har fasl uchun 10 so‘z, matn va mashq

Yil fasllari ingliz tilida the four seasons: spring (bahor), summer (yoz), autumn (kuz; amerikacha fall) va winter (qish). Ular kichik harf bilan yoziladi va oldidan in keladi: in spring yoki in the spring. This, next, last, every bilan esa predlog tushib qoladi: last winter, next summer.

Tezkor mashq: sevimli faslingizni bitta gap bilan ayting. My favourite season is autumn because the fruit is sweet and the weather is mild. Shu gapni o‘z faslingizga moslang.

January, February, March — yanvar, fevral, mart — **January, February, March**yanvar, fevral, mart

April, May, June — aprel, may, iyun — **April, May, June**aprel, may, iyun

July, August, September — iyul, avgust, sentabr — **July, August, September**iyul, avgust, sentabr

October, November, December — oktabr, noyabr, dekabr — **October, November, December**oktabr, noyabr, dekabr

blossom — gul, gullagan shox — **blossom**gul, gullagan shox

Fasllar va oylar

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Oylar	Sifat shakli
spring	/sprɪŋ/	bahor	March, April, May	spring-like (bahorday)
summer	/ˈsʌmə/	yoz	June, July, August	summery (yozgi)
autumn / fall	/ˈɔːtəm/, /fɔːl/	kuz	September, October, November	autumnal (kuzgi)
winter	/ˈwɪntə/	qish	December, January, February	wintry (qishki)

Autumn so‘zining oxiridagi n o‘qilmaydi: “otem”, “otumn” emas. Fall amerikacha, Britaniya va Avstraliyada autumn ishlatiladi; ikkalasini ham tushunishingiz kerak. Oylar nomi va ularning predloglari hafta kunlari va oylar sahifasida, bu sahifada esa har faslga oid so‘zlar.

Bahor: spring

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
1	blossom	gul (daraxt guli), gullamoq	The apricot trees blossom in early April.
2	bud	kurtak	There are small buds on the branches.
3	tulip	lola	Wild tulips grow in the hills near Jizzakh.
4	sprout	unib chiqmoq, maysa	We sprout wheat for sumalak before Navruz.
5	shower	jala, qisqa yomg‘ir	Spring showers are short but heavy.
6	mud	loy	After the rain the village road was full of mud.
7	warm up	isimoq	It warms up quickly in April.
8	plant	ekmoq	My grandfather plants tomatoes in May.
9	fresh greens	ko‘katlar	We buy fresh greens for ko‘k somsa.
10	spring cleaning	bahorgi katta tozalash	Before Navruz we do the spring cleaning.

Spring so‘zining yana ikki ma’nosi bor: a spring — buloq, a spring — prujina. Kontekstdan farqlanadi: We drank water from a mountain spring — buloqdan suv ichdik.

Happy Navruz! — Navro‘z muborak! — **Happy Navruz!**Navro‘z muborak!

sprouted wheat — ko‘kartirilgan bug‘doy — **sprouted wheat**ko‘kartirilgan bug‘doy

a seedling — nihol — **a seedling**nihol

a festival — bayram sayli — **a festival**bayram sayli

have a picnic — sayrga chiqib ovqatlanmoq — **have a picnic**sayrga chiqib ovqatlanmoq

Yoz: summer

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
1	heat	issiq, jazirama	I can’t stand the heat in July.
2	heatwave	jazirama davri	The heatwave lasted two weeks.
3	shade	soya	Let’s sit in the shade of that tree.
4	sunburn	quyosh kuydirishi	Use sun cream, or you’ll get sunburn.
5	watermelon	tarvuz	Nothing is better than cold watermelon in August.
6	melon	qovun	Mirzachul melons are famous.
7	apricot	o‘rik	We dry apricots on the roof.
8	air conditioner	konditsioner	Our air conditioner broke in the middle of summer.
9	summer holidays	yozgi ta’til	During the summer holidays I went to Charvak.
10	go swimming	cho‘milishga bormoq	Every weekend we go swimming in the reservoir.

O‘zbek yozining eng issiq qirq kuni — chilla. Uni inglizchada tarjima qilmasdan tushuntirish mumkin: chilla, the hottest forty days of summer. Mehmonlarga milliy tushunchani shunday izohlash tabiiy eshitiladi.

Kuz: autumn

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
1	harvest	hosil, hosil yig‘imi	Autumn is harvest time in the Fergana Valley.
2	fallen leaves	xazon	Children love walking through fallen leaves.
3	rake	xaskash, xaskashlamoq	My father rakes the leaves in the yard.
4	grapes	uzum	The grapes are sweetest in September.
5	pomegranate	anor	My mum makes juice from pomegranates.
6	persimmon	xurmo	The bazaars are full of persimmons in November.
7	quince	behi	Quince jam is my grandmother’s speciality.
8	cool	salqin	The evenings are cool in October.
9	fog	tuman	There was thick fog on the road to Samarkand.
10	the new academic year	yangi o‘quv yili	The new academic year starts in September.

Qish: winter

№	Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
1	snowflake	qor uchquni	A snowflake landed on my glove.
2	snowman	qor odam	The kids made a snowman in the mahalla.
3	snowball fight	qor otishma o‘yini	We had a snowball fight after school.
4	frost	ayoz, qirov	There was frost on the car this morning.
5	slippery	sirpanchiq	Be careful, the pavement is slippery.
6	scarf	sharf	Take a scarf, it’s windy.
7	gloves	qo‘lqop	I lost one of my gloves on the bus.
8	heater	isitgich	The heater in our classroom doesn’t work.
9	ski resort	chang‘i kurorti	Chimgan and Amirsoy are popular ski resorts near Tashkent.
10	get dark early	erta qorong‘i tushmoq	In December it gets dark early.

Snowman — qordan yasalgan odam. Yangi yil qahramoni Qorbobo esa inglizcha Father Frost; G‘arbdagi o‘xshash qahramon Santa Claus. Snowstorm — qorbo‘ron, blizzard — kuchli qorbo‘ron.

snowy streets — qorli ko‘chalar — **snowy streets**qorli ko‘chalar

it gets dark early — erta qorong‘i tushadi — **it gets dark early**erta qorong‘i tushadi

too much sun — quyoshda kuyish — **too much sun**quyoshda kuyish

Grammatika: fasl bilan predlog va artikl

in spring / in the spring — ikkalasi to‘g‘ri: We go to the mountains in (the) spring.
this / next / last / every — predlogsiz: Last summer we went to Khiva. Every winter it snows in Chimgan.
aniq yil — in the spring of 2025: bu yerda the majburiy.
qachondan qachongacha — from spring to autumn, all summer (butun yoz).
sifat vazifasida — summer clothes, winter tyres, autumn colours: fasl nomi o‘zgarmaydi.

Fasllar haqida ob-havo so‘zlari (drizzle, sleet, boiling hot) va ob-havo prognozini o‘qish ob-havo inglizcha sahifasida.

Kichik matn: “Spring in Uzbekistan”

Matnni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing. Qiyin so‘zlar yuqoridagi jadvallarda bor.

In Uzbekistan, spring arrives early. By the beginning of March the air feels warmer, and the first buds appear on the apricot and almond trees. Some years there is still a cold week, and people joke that winter has come back to say goodbye. On 21 March we celebrate Navruz, the start of the new year in the traditional solar calendar. A few days before the holiday, women in the mahalla sprout wheat and cook sumalak in a huge pot. They stir it all night and sing songs, and in the morning they share it with their neighbours. In April the hills near Jizzakh and in the Chimgan area are covered with tulips, and families drive out of the city to have picnics. The weather can change quickly: the sun is shining one minute and there is a heavy shower the next. By May the gardens are green, the first strawberries are at the bazaar, and everybody is already talking about the summer heat.

Endi matn bo‘yicha uchta savolga javob bering: When do the first buds appear? What do people cook before Navruz? What happens in the hills in April? Javobni to‘liq gap bilan ayting. Navro‘z so‘zlari va an’analari Navro‘z haqida inglizcha sahifasida kengroq berilgan.

O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
I like Summer.	I like summer.	Fasllar kichik harf bilan
in last winter	last winter	last oldidan predlog yo‘q
on spring	in spring	Fasl bilan in
at winter	in winter	At fasl bilan ishlatilmaydi
In summer is very hot.	In summer it’s very hot.	Gapda ega bo‘lishi shart: it
autumn — “otumn”	/ˈɔːtəm/	Oxirgi n o‘qilmaydi
My favourite season is a spring.	My favourite season is spring.	Fasl nomi oldidan a yo‘q

O‘zbekchada “Yozda juda issiq” gapida ega yo‘q, lekin ingliz tilida ega bo‘lishi shart. Shuning uchun ob-havo va fasl haqidagi gaplarda it qo‘yiladi: It’s very hot in summer.

Mashq

A. Faslni toping.

1. Harvest, grapes, fallen leaves — ______
2. Buds, tulips, Navruz — ______
3. Frost, gloves, snowman — ______
4. Shade, watermelon, sunburn — ______

B. Predlog qo‘ying yoki bo‘sh qoldiring (—).

5. We went to Charvak ___ last summer.
6. The trees blossom ___ spring.
7. Chimgan is busy ___ winter.
8. They got married ___ the autumn of 2024.

C. Xatoni tuzating.

9. In winter is cold and slippery.
10. My favourite season is a Autumn.

D. Tarjima qiling.

11. Kuzda uzum juda shirin bo‘ladi.
12. Kelasi bahorda Samarqandga boramiz.

Javoblar

1 — autumn (fall); 2 — spring; 3 — winter; 4 — summer; 5 — (—) last summer; 6 — in; 7 — in; 8 — in; 9 — In winter it’s cold and slippery; 10 — My favourite season is autumn; 11 — Grapes are very sweet in autumn (The grapes are very sweet in autumn); 12 — We’ll go to Samarkand next spring (We’re going to Samarkand next spring).

BandMate bilan mashq

“Which season do you like most?” — IELTS Speaking va Multilevel suhbatlarida tez-tez uchraydigan savol. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan shu mavzuda gaplashib ko‘ring: faslingizni tanlang, yuqoridagi jadvaldan uchta so‘z ishlating va sababini ayting. Ilova javobingizni tinglab, talaffuz (autumn, weather) va grammatika (it yo‘qolib qolsa) bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Keyin xuddi shu gapni boshqa fasl uchun takrorlang.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling