Ko‘p inglizzabon muhitlarda (Britaniya, AQSh, Kanada, Avstraliya, xalqaro ofislar) muloyimlik asosan so‘z orqali ko‘rsatiladi: please, thank you, sorry tez-tez aytiladi, iltimos buyruq shaklida emas, savol shaklida beriladi (Could you…?), yangi tanishdan yosh, maosh, oila qurish haqida so‘ralmaydi va suhbatda taxminan bir qo‘l uzunligida masofa saqlanadi. O‘zbek odobida esa hurmat ko‘proq harakat va murojaat orqali ko‘rinadi: kattaga joy berish, dasturxon, aka, opa, ustoz kabi so‘zlar.
Ikkala tizim ham hurmatga asoslangan, faqat "signallar" har xil. Quyidagilar umumiy tendensiyalar, qat’iy qoida emas: davlat, shahar, yosh va odamning o‘ziga qarab ko‘p narsa o‘zgaradi. Maqsad stereotip yodlash emas, noqulay vaziyatga tushmaslik va o‘zingizni tabiiy his qilish.
Please, thank you, sorry: kichik so‘zlar katta ish qiladi
| Vaziyat | O‘zbekcha odatiy gap | Inglizcha tabiiy variant |
|---|---|---|
| Do‘konda | "Bitta non bering." | Could I have a loaf of bread, please? |
| Kafeda | "Choy!" | Can I get a tea, please? |
| Avtobusdan tushganda | ko‘pincha hech narsa | Thanks! (ba’zi joylarda haydovchiga ham aytiladi) |
| Birovni turtib yuborganda | "Kechirasiz" yoki jim | Oh, sorry! |
| Yo‘lni to‘sib turgan odamga | "Surilib turing" | Excuse me, could I just get past? |
O‘zbekchada buyruq mayli ohang va "iltimos"siz ham muloyim eshitilishi mumkin, chunki muloyimlik ovozda va "-ing, -chi" kabi qo‘shimchalarda. Inglizchada esa please va savol shakli bo‘lmasa, xuddi shu gap talabchan eshitiladi. Rahmat aytishning 30 ta usuli rahmat inglizcha sahifasida, kechirim so‘rash iboralari uzr so‘rash sahifasida.
Britaniyada sorry ayniqsa ko‘p ishlatiladi: gapni eshitmaganda (Sorry?), birovning oldidan o‘tganda, hatto aybdor bo‘lmaganda ham. Bu har doim uzr emas, ko‘pincha "sizni bezovta qildim" degan signal.
So‘rovni yumshatish: to‘rt daraja
| Daraja | Gap | Qachon |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Give me the file. | faqat juda yaqin odamga, hazil ohangda |
| 2 | Can you give me the file? | do‘st, hamkasb |
| 3 | Could you send me the file, please? | ko‘pchilik holatlar uchun xavfsiz |
| 4 | Would you mind sending me the file when you have a moment? | rahbar, notanish odam, katta iltimos |
Qoida oddiy: iltimos qanchalik katta bo‘lsa va odam qanchalik uzoq bo‘lsa, gap shunchalik uzun bo‘ladi. Would you mind…? dan keyin fe’l -ing bilan keladi va "yo‘q" javobi "mayli" degani: Would you mind waiting? — No, not at all. Iltimos iboralari batafsil ingliz tilida iltimos qilish sahifasida.
Shaxsiy savollar: qaysi biri xavfsiz, qaysi biri noqulay
O‘zbek to‘yida qarindosh "Qachon uylanasan?" yoki "Oyligingiz qancha?" deb so‘rasa, bu ko‘pincha qiziqish va g‘amxo‘rlik belgisi. Ko‘p inglizzabon muhitlarda yangi tanishdan shunday so‘rash shaxsiy chegaraga kirish deb qabul qilinishi mumkin.
| Odatda xavfsiz | Yangi tanish bilan ehtiyot bo‘ling |
|---|---|
| Where are you from? | How old are you? |
| What do you do? | How much do you earn? |
| How was your weekend? | Why aren’t you married yet? |
| Have you been here long? | When are you going to have children? |
| Do you have any plans for the holidays? | Have you put on weight? |
| What do you think of the city? | How much did you pay for your flat? |
Din va siyosat haqidagi savollar ham odatda yaqinroq tanishgandan keyin, va suhbatdosh o‘zi mavzuni ochsa, beriladi. Yangi tanish bilan ob-havo, sayohat, ish va ovqat kabi mavzular yaxshi boshlang‘ich: bular haqida small talk sahifasida.
Sizga noqulay savol berilsa, qo‘pollik qilmasdan chetlab o‘tish mumkin:
- Oh, that’s a long story! — kulib, mavzuni o‘zgartirasiz.
- I’d rather not say, but I really enjoy my job. — javob bermaysiz, lekin suhbatni davom ettirasiz.
- Why, are you thinking of moving here too? — savolni suhbatdoshga qaytarasiz.
Masofa, qo‘l berish va ko‘z bilan qarash
- Masofa. Notanish yoki kam tanish odam bilan gaplashganda ko‘pincha taxminan bir qo‘l uzunligi saqlanadi. Juda yaqin turish noqulaylik tug‘dirishi mumkin, ayniqsa navbatda yoki liftda.
- Qo‘l berish. Ishda va rasmiy tanishuvda qisqa, mustahkam qo‘l siqish odatiy. Erkak va ayol o‘rtasida ham qo‘l berish keng tarqalgan. Agar diniy yoki shaxsiy sabab bilan qo‘l bermasangiz, qo‘lni ko‘ksingizga qo‘yib, tabassum bilan Nice to meet you deyish va muloyim tushuntirish odatda yaxshi qabul qilinadi.
- Quchoqlashish. Do‘stlar orasida odatiy bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin notanish yoki hamkasb bilan birinchi uchrashuvda kutilmaydi.
- Ko‘z bilan qarash. O‘zbek oilalarida yosh odam kattaga tik qaramasligi hurmat belgisi bo‘lishi mumkin. Ko‘p inglizzabon muhitlarda, ayniqsa ish suhbatida, suhbatdoshga qarab gapirish ishonch va samimiylik belgisi hisoblanadi.
Murojaat: ustoz, aka, opa inglizchada
Inglizchada aka, opa ga to‘g‘ri keladigan murojaat yo‘q, odatda ism bilan murojaat qilinadi. Teacher, I have a question deyish ko‘p inglizzabon maktablarda g‘alati eshitiladi: o‘qituvchiga Mr Brown, Ms Davis yoki u o‘zi aytgan ism bilan murojaat qiling. Ko‘p ofislarda rahbarga ham ism bilan murojaat qilinadi. Qanday chaqirishni bilmasangiz, so‘rash eng muloyim yo‘l: What should I call you?
Mehmonda va dasturxonda
O‘zbek mehmondorchiligida mehmon avval "yo‘q, rahmat" deydi, mezbon esa bir necha marta taklif qiladi. Ko‘p inglizzabon uylarda No, thank you so‘zma-so‘z qabul qilinadi va ikkinchi marta taklif qilinmasligi mumkin. Istasangiz, birinchi taklifdayoq Yes, please, that would be lovely deng.
- Soat 19:00 ga chaqirilgan bo‘lsangiz, taxminan shu vaqtda keling; kechiksangiz, oldindan xabar bering: I’m running ten minutes late, sorry!
- Kichik sovg‘a (shirinlik, gul) ko‘p joyda yoqimli ishora, lekin majburiy emas.
- Poyabzalni yechish uyga qarab farq qiladi. So‘rang: Shall I take my shoes off?
- Ketayotganda rahmat ayting va ertasi kuni qisqa xabar yuboring: Thanks again for dinner last night!
Chet elda uzoqroq yashash va moslashish haqida madaniy moslashuv sahifasiga qarang.
Qo‘pol eshitilishi mumkin bo‘lgan 6 gap
| Ehtiyot bo‘ling | Yumshoqroq variant | Nima uchun |
|---|---|---|
| Repeat! | Sorry, could you say that again? | buyruq talabchan eshitiladi |
| You are wrong. | I’m not sure that’s right. I think… | fikrni yumshatib, o‘zingiz haqingizda gapirasiz |
| I want water. | Could I have some water, please? | I want bolalarcha yoki talabchan eshitiladi |
| You look tired. | Is everything OK? | tashqi ko‘rinishga baho berish noqulay bo‘lishi mumkin |
| Why you are late? | Is everything all right? We were starting to worry. | ayblov ohangi yo‘qoladi |
| No. (qisqa rad) | I’m afraid I can’t, but thanks for asking. | rad etishni rahmat bilan yumshatasiz |
Mashq: gapni muloyimroq qiling
1. Give me your phone number.
2. Close the window.
3. I want the bill.
4. Speak slowly.
5. How much is your salary?
6. No, I don’t want to come to the party.
7. Move!
8. Your idea is bad.
Javoblar
Bir nechta to‘g‘ri variant bor, quyidagilar namunaviy javob.
1. Could I have your phone number, please? 2. Would you mind closing the window? 3. Could we have the bill, please? 4. Sorry, could you speak a bit more slowly, please? 5. Bu savolni yangi tanishga umuman bermagan ma’qul; o‘rniga What do you do? yoki Do you enjoy your job? 6. Thanks so much for inviting me, but I’m afraid I can’t make it. 7. Excuse me, could I just get past? 8. That’s an interesting idea, but I’m not sure it would work because…
Muloyim iboralarni jonli suhbatda sinash
Jadvaldagi iboralarni bilish bilan ularni kutilmagan vaziyatda tez aytish har xil narsa. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan kafeda buyurtma, hamkasbga iltimos yoki taklifni rad etish kabi vaziyatlarni rolli o‘yin qilib mashq qilasiz; ilova gapingiz qanchalik tabiiy eshitilishiga izoh beradi. Izohlar mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas. Bugun bitta vaziyatni tanlang va yumshoq variantni ovoz chiqarib uch marta ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
