Many va few / a few sanaladigan ko‘plik otlar bilan (many onions), much va little / a little sanalmaydigan otlar bilan (much oil) keladi; a lot of ikkalasiga ham mos va darak gapda eng tabiiy tanlov. Qoida much, many, a lot of sahifasida, qaysi ot qaysi guruhga kirishi esa sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida; bu yerda faqat mashq.
Vaziyat: yakshanba kuni Nilufarlarnikida yigirma kishilik osh. Nilufarning eri Rustam shanba ertalab Chorsu bozoriga ketdi va har bir mahsulot bo‘yicha xotiniga qo‘ng‘iroq qilyapti. Birinchi bosqich shu qo‘ng‘iroqlardan, qolganlari bozor va oshxonadagi gaplardan. Javoblarni daftarga yozing, keyin har bosqich ostidagi kalit bilan tekshiring.
1-bosqich: bozor ro‘yxati, how much yoki how many (1–8)
Rustam rasmdagi har bir mahsulot haqida so‘raydi. Uning savolini yozing: How much … do we need? yoki How many … do we need?
- 1. onions
- 2. rice
- 3. oil
- 4. carrots
- 5. salt
- 6. bread
- 7. eggs
- 8. tea
1-bosqich javoblari
- 1. How many onions do we need?
- 2. How much rice do we need?
- 3. How much oil do we need?
- 4. How many carrots do we need? Bozorda sabzi kilolab olinadi, shuning uchun How many kilos of carrots do we need? ham to‘g‘ri va tabiiy. How much carrots xato: carrots ko‘plikda, sanaladi.
- 5. How much salt do we need?
- 6. How much bread do we need? O‘zbekchada “nechta non” deymiz, lekin inglizcha bread sanalmaydi. Dona so‘ralsa: How many loaves of bread do we need? How many breads xato.
- 7. How many eggs do we need?
- 8. How much tea do we need? Yoki paketlab: How many packets of tea do we need? Qoida bir xil: ot sanalmasa much, uning o‘lchov birligi (kilo, packet, bottle, loaf) esa sanaladi va many oladi.
2-bosqich: much, many yoki a lot of (9–16)
Bo‘sh joyga eng mos variantni yozing. Ba’zi gaplarda ikki javob ham to‘g‘ri.
- 9. There isn’t ______ garlic left at home.
- 10. How ______ guests are coming on Sunday?
- 11. The rice seller gave us ______ useful advice.
- 12. Don’t put too ______ cumin in the osh.
- 13. We didn’t see ______ quinces at the bazaar this week.
- 14. Rustam spent ______ money on meat.
- 15. Were there ______ people at Chorsu on Saturday morning?
- 16. How ______ is a kilo of raisins?
2-bosqich javoblari
- 9. much — garlic sanalmaydi, gap inkor. A lot of ham mumkin.
- 10. many — mehmonlar sanaladi.
- 11. a lot of — advice sanalmaydi, gap darak. Much useful advice grammatik jihatdan to‘g‘ri, lekin og‘zaki nutqda rasmiy va g‘alati eshitiladi.
- 12. much — too much birikmasi, cumin (zira) sanalmaydi.
- 13. many — quinces (behi) ko‘plikda, gap inkor. A lot of ham to‘g‘ri.
- 14. a lot of — darak gap. Rustam spent much money xato emas, lekin kundalik nutqda deyarli ishlatilmaydi.
- 15. many yoki a lot of — so‘roq gap, people sanaladigan ko‘plik ot.
- 16. much — narx so‘ralganda otsiz How much is…?
3-bosqich: few, a few, little, a little (17–23)
Ma’noga qarang: yetarlimi (ijobiy) yoki yetmaydimi (salbiy)? Qoida: few, little, a few, a little farqi.
- 17. We have ______ time before the guests arrive, so let’s have a cup of tea.
- 18. There were very ______ customers at the bazaar because of the rain.
- 19. Could you add ______ more salt? It’s a bit bland.
- 20. I bought ______ pomegranates for the children.
- 21. There’s ______ oil left in the bottle. We need to buy more today.
- 22. Only ______ neighbours knew about the party, so it was a real surprise.
- 23. Nilufar has very ______ patience with sellers who cheat on the scales.
3-bosqich javoblari
- 17. a little — vaqt sanalmaydi va choy ichishga yetadi, ijobiy.
- 18. few — very few = “juda kam”, salbiy. Customers sanaladi.
- 19. a little — tuz sanalmaydi, “ozgina qo‘shing”.
- 20. a few — anor sanaladi, “bir nechta”.
- 21. little — yog‘ yetmaydi, shuning uchun bugun olish kerak. Salbiy ma’no a siz beriladi.
- 22. a few — only a few qolip sifatida keladi: “faqat bir nechtasi”. Only few deyarli ishlatilmaydi.
- 23. little — very little patience, sabr yetmaydi.
4-bosqich: xatoni tuzating va tarjima qiling (24–30)
A. Har gapda bitta xato bor.
- 24. We need many rice for twenty people.
- 25. There are too much people in this queue.
- 26. There isn’t many traffic on Sunday mornings.
B. O‘zbekchadan tarjima qiling.
- 27. Bozorda odam juda ko‘p edi.
- 28. Oshga qancha go‘sht kerak?
- 29. Uyda ozgina guruch qoldi, lekin yetadi.
- 30. Mening do‘stlarim kam.
4-bosqich javoblari
- 24. We need a lot of rice for twenty people. Rice sanalmaydi, many bo‘lmaydi. Much rice darak gapda g‘ayritabiiy, shuning uchun a lot of.
- 25. There are too many people in this queue. People ko‘plik, too many.
- 26. There isn’t much traffic on Sunday mornings. Traffic (ko‘chadagi harakat, tirbandlik) sanalmaydi. Mashinalarni esa sanash mumkin: There aren’t many cars.
- 27. There were a lot of people at the bazaar. Very many people eshitiladi, lekin a lot of yoki so many tabiiyroq.
- 28. How much meat do we need for the osh?
- 29. There’s a little rice left, but it’s enough. A little ijobiy ma’no beradi: “ozgina, lekin yetadi”.
- 30. I don’t have many friends. I have few friends ham to‘g‘ri, lekin u g‘amginroq eshitiladi. Suhbatda odatda not many deyiladi.
Natijangiz va keyingi qadam
Har to‘g‘ri javob 1 ball. Kalitda “yoki” bilan berilgan har ikki variant ham to‘g‘ri hisoblanadi.
| Ball | Nima degani | Keyingi qadam |
|---|---|---|
| 27–30 | Mavzu mustahkam | Bozorda gaplashishni mashq qiling: bozorda savdolashish inglizcha |
| 20–26 | Asos bor, few/little chalkash | Few va little sahifasidagi jadvalni ko‘ring, 17–23 ni qayta yozing |
| 12–19 | Otning turi hali ishonchsiz | Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasidagi ro‘yxatni o‘rganing, keyin 1–2-bosqichni takrorlang |
| 0–11 | Mavzu yangi | Much, many, a lot of qoidasidan boshlang, bir necha kundan keyin mashqqa qayting |
“Ko‘p” va “kam” nega chalg‘itadi
O‘zbekchada “ko‘p” bitta so‘z: ko‘p odam, ko‘p yog‘. Inglizchada u otga qarab ikkiga bo‘linadi: many people, much oil. “Kam” ham shunday: few people, little oil. Rus tilidagi много ham farq qilmaydi, shuning uchun rus maktabida o‘qiganlarda ham xuddi shu xato uchraydi.
Ikkinchi tuzoq: o‘zbekchada deyarli hamma narsani sanash mumkin (ikkita non, uchta maslahat, bitta yangilik). Inglizchada bread, advice, news, money, traffic sanalmaydi. Tekshirish usuli: otning oldiga two qo‘yib ko‘ring. Two onions tabiiy, demak many. Two breads g‘alati, demak much yoki o‘lchov birligi (two loaves).
Bandi bilan bozor suhbati
Yozma mashqda o‘ylashga vaqt bor, bozorda esa savolni darhol berish kerak. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sotuvchi va xaridor rolini o‘ynang: siz How much is…? How many kilos do you need? deb so‘raysiz, Bandi javob beradi va narxni muhokama qilasiz. Ilova much va many almashgan joyni ko‘rsatadi; bu sun’iy intellekt izohi, o‘qituvchi bahosi emas. Bugun bitta ish qiling: keyingi xarid ro‘yxatingizni inglizcha yozing va har bir mahsulot uchun How much yoki How many bilan bittadan savol tuzing.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
