Ob-havo haqidagi inglizcha matn it bilan boshlanadi: It’s sunny. It’s cold. It’s raining. O‘zbekcha "yomg‘ir yog‘yapti" gapida ega yo‘q, ingliz tilida esa ega shart, shuning uchun uning o‘rnini it egallaydi. Matn tuzilishi oddiy: bugun yoki shu fasl qanday (In summer it’s very hot and dry), odamlar nima qiladi (People stay inside in the afternoon) va sizga nimasi yoqadi yoki yoqmaydi (I love autumn because…).
Quyida Toshkent iqlimi misolida uch matn (A1, A2, B1) tarjimasi bilan, ob-havo iboralari, shablon va mashq bor. Raqam va statistika ataylab kam: matn yozish uchun ular kerak emas.
Ob-havo haqida gapirishning 4 tuzilmasi
| Tuzilma | Qachon | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| It’s + sifat | holat | It’s windy today. |
| It’s + fe’l-ing | hozir bo‘layotgan jarayon | It’s snowing! Let’s go outside. |
| It + Present Simple | odatdagi holat | It rarely rains in July. |
| There is / are + ot | hodisa, narsa | There was a lot of snow last winter. |
Diqqat: rain va snow fe’l ham, ot ham bo‘ladi. It rains a lot in spring (fe’l) va There is a lot of rain in spring (ot) ikkalasi to‘g‘ri, lekin It is rain noto‘g‘ri.
Ob-havo so‘zlarining to‘liq ro‘yxati va prognoz iboralari ob-havo inglizcha sahifasida; bu yerda matnga e’tibor beramiz.
A1: Today’s weather
Today is Monday. It is sunny and warm in Tashkent. There are no clouds in the sky. In the morning it was a bit cold, so I wore my jacket. Now it is warm, and I don’t need it. After school I want to play football in the park with my friends. My mother says it will rain tomorrow, so I must take my umbrella. I like sunny days because I can play outside. What is the weather like in your city? (80 so‘z)
Tarjimasi. Bugun dushanba. Toshkentda quyoshli va iliq. Osmonda bulut yo‘q. Ertalab biroz sovuq edi, shuning uchun kurtkamni kiydim. Hozir iliq, u menga kerak emas. Darsdan keyin do‘stlarim bilan bog‘da futbol o‘ynamoqchiman. Onamning aytishicha, ertaga yomg‘ir yog‘adi, shuning uchun soyabonimni olishim kerak. Quyoshli kunlarni yaxshi ko‘raman, chunki tashqarida o‘ynay olaman. Sizning shahringizda ob-havo qanday?
E’tibor bering: It was a bit cold (o‘tgan), it will rain (bashorat). Bitta qisqa matnda uch zamon bo‘lishi tabiiy.
A2: Four seasons in Tashkent
Tashkent has four very different seasons. Spring starts in March. The weather changes all the time: one day it is warm and sunny, the next day it is rainy and windy. The fruit trees are full of flowers, and people celebrate Navruz. Summer is long and very hot. It hardly ever rains, and in the afternoon the streets are quiet because many people stay inside. We drink a lot of cold water and eat watermelons. Autumn is my favourite season. It is warm but not too hot, and the bazaars are full of grapes, pomegranates and persimmons. Winter is cold and often grey. Sometimes it snows, but the snow usually melts quickly. When it snows, children run outside to make snowmen before it disappears. (137 so‘z)
Tarjimasi. Toshkentda to‘rtta bir-biridan juda farq qiladigan fasl bor. Bahor martda boshlanadi. Ob-havo tez-tez o‘zgaradi: bir kun iliq va quyoshli, ertasiga yomg‘irli va shamolli. Mevali daraxtlar gullaydi, odamlar Navro‘zni nishonlaydi. Yoz uzoq va juda issiq. Yomg‘ir deyarli yog‘maydi, tushdan keyin ko‘chalar jimjit bo‘ladi, chunki ko‘pchilik uyda o‘tiradi. Ko‘p sovuq suv ichamiz va tarvuz yeymiz. Kuz — sevimli faslim. Iliq, lekin juda issiq emas, bozorlar esa uzum, anor va xurmoga to‘la. Qish sovuq va ko‘pincha xira. Ba’zan qor yog‘adi, lekin odatda tez eriydi. Qor yog‘sa, bolalar u erib ketguncha qorbobo yasash uchun tashqariga yuguradi.
Nimasi A2: chastota so‘zlari (hardly ever, sometimes, usually, often), sabab (because), when bilan bog‘lash va har fasl uchun bitta hayotiy detal. Fasllar va oylar bilan predloglar (in March, in summer) ingliz tilida fasllar sahifasida.
B1: Chilla: how Tashkent survives the summer
Every year at the end of June my grandmother says the same thing: "Chilla is coming." Chilla is the traditional name for the hottest forty days of summer, and in Tashkent you really feel it. By midday the streets are almost empty, the asphalt feels soft under your shoes, and even the wind feels as if it comes out of a hair dryer.
People have developed their own ways of coping. Shops and markets are busiest early in the morning, and in the afternoon everyone who can stays indoors with the curtains closed. My grandparents, who have never liked air conditioners, sleep on the tapchan in the yard, under the grapevine, where it is a little cooler at night. On weekends many families escape to the mountains near Chimgan or to Charvak, where the air is fresher.
To be honest, I have mixed feelings about summer. I hate the heat and the dust, and it is almost impossible to concentrate on anything after lunch. On the other hand, summer evenings in the mahalla are wonderful: neighbours sit outside, children play until late, and the whole street smells of melons. Older people often say that summers are getting hotter than they used to be. I can’t judge that, but I know one thing: I always start missing the heat in January. (225 so‘z)
Tarjimasi. Har yili iyun oxirida buvim bir xil gapni aytadi: "Chilla kelyapti." Chilla — yozning eng issiq qirq kunining an’anaviy nomi, Toshkentda buni rostdan sezasiz. Tushga borib ko‘chalar deyarli bo‘shab qoladi, asfalt poyabzal ostida yumshab ketgandek tuyuladi, hatto shamol ham fendan chiqayotgandek.
Odamlar bunga moslashishning o‘z usullarini topgan. Do‘kon va bozorlar ertalab eng gavjum bo‘ladi, tushdan keyin esa imkoni borlarning hammasi pardalarni yopib, uyda o‘tiradi. Hech qachon konditsionerni yoqtirmagan buvam va buvim kechasi hovlida, tok ostidagi so‘rida uxlaydi, u yer kechasi biroz salqinroq. Dam olish kunlari ko‘p oilalar Chimyon yaqinidagi tog‘larga yoki Chorvoqqa ketadi, u yerda havo tozaroq.
Rostini aytsam, yozga munosabatim ikki xil. Issiq va changni yomon ko‘raman, tushlikdan keyin biror narsaga diqqatni jamlash deyarli imkonsiz. Boshqa tomondan, mahalladagi yozgi oqshomlar ajoyib: qo‘shnilar tashqarida o‘tirishadi, bolalar kechgacha o‘ynaydi, butun ko‘cha qovun hidiga to‘ladi. Kattalar ko‘pincha yozlar avvalgidan issiqroq bo‘lib boryapti, deyishadi. Men buni baholay olmayman, lekin bir narsani bilaman: yanvarda doim issiqni sog‘inib qolaman.
Nimasi B1: mahalliy tushunchani inglizcha izohlash (Chilla is the traditional name for…), as if, who bilan izoh, muvozanatli fikr (On the other hand) va boshqalarning fikrini o‘ziniki qilib ko‘rsatmaslik (Older people often say… I can’t judge that). Bu B1 matnning asosiy belgisi.
Ob-havo uchun 12 ta foydali ibora
| Inglizcha | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| What’s the weather like? | Ob-havo qanday? | What’s the weather like in Samarkand today? |
| boiling hot | jazirama | It’s boiling hot in the afternoon. |
| freezing | qahraton, muzdek | It was freezing this morning. |
| mild | mo‘tadil, yumshoq | Autumn is mild and pleasant. |
| a shower | qisqa jala | We got caught in a shower. |
| pouring (with rain) | sharros quymoqda | It’s pouring, take an umbrella. |
| dry / humid | quruq / nam | Tashkent summers are hot and dry. |
| the temperature drops | harorat pasayadi | At night the temperature drops a lot. |
| below zero | noldan past | In January it is sometimes below zero. |
| the forecast says | prognozga ko‘ra | The forecast says it will snow tonight. |
| get colder / warmer | sovib / isib bormoq | It’s getting colder every day. |
| cool off | salqinlanmoq | We went to Charvak to cool off. |
O‘z matningiz uchun shablon
I live in ______. There are ______ seasons here. In spring the weather is ______ and it often ______. Summer is ______: it hardly ever ______, so people ______. Autumn is ______. In winter it ______ and sometimes ______. My favourite season is ______ because ______. The only thing I don’t like is ______. On a ______ day I usually ______.
Qishloq yoki tog‘li hududda yashasangiz, shu farqni yozing: In our village in the mountains, winter is much colder and snowier than in Tashkent. Aniq joy va aniq odat matnni jonli qiladi.
Bir daqiqalik og‘zaki variant
Namuna (taxminan 1 daqiqa): Well, in Tashkent we have four real seasons, which I like. Summer is the hardest part, it’s really hot and dry, and in the afternoon you just want to stay inside. My favourite season is autumn, actually. The weather is warm but not too hot, the trees turn yellow, and the markets are full of fruit. Winter is a bit grey, and the snow doesn’t usually stay long, but when it does, the city looks beautiful. If I had to choose, I’d say late September is perfect weather.
IELTS Speaking’da ob-havo savollariga tayyor javob namunalari IELTS weather savollari sahifasida.
Ob-havo haqida yozganda uchraydigan 7 xato
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Today is very hot weather. | It’s very hot today. / The weather is very hot today. |
| It is rain. | It is raining. / It rains a lot. |
| What is the weather? | What’s the weather like? |
| It was a very nice weather. | It was very nice weather. / The weather was very nice. |
| In the summer is very hot. | In summer it is very hot. |
| The weather is warmly. | The weather is warm. |
| Tomorrow will be rain. | It will rain tomorrow. / There will be rain tomorrow. |
Weather sanalmaydigan ot, shuning uchun a nice weather deyilmaydi. Egasiz gap (In the summer is very hot) o‘zbek tilidan to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ko‘chirishning eng tipik natijasi.
Mashq: to‘g‘ri variantni tanlang
1. Look outside! ___ snowing. (It’s / Is)
2. What’s the weather ___ in Bukhara?
3. It ___ rains in July in Tashkent. (hardly ever / hardly)
4. It was ___ nice weather yesterday. (a / –)
5. In winter the temperature sometimes drops ___ zero. (under / below)
6. We went to the mountains to cool ___.
7. The weather is ___ today. (sunny / sunnily)
8. Tarjima qiling: "Kechqurun sovib qoldi."
Javoblar
1. It’s 2. like 3. hardly ever 4. – (weather sanalmaydi) 5. below 6. off 7. sunny 8. It got cold in the evening. / It got colder in the evening.
Ob-havo mavzusida Bandi bilan suhbat
Ob-havo — suhbatni boshlashning eng oson yo‘li, shuning uchun uni ravon aytish foydali. BandMate ilovasida Bandi What’s your favourite season and why? deb so‘raydi, keyin Has the weather changed since you were a child? kabi savol bilan fikringizni kengaytirishga undaydi. Suhbatdan keyin it ni tushirib qoldirgan joylaringiz belgilanadi; izoh mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
Birinchi qadam: bugungi ob-havoni uch gapda yozing, keyin shablon asosida sevimli faslingiz haqida 80–100 so‘zli matn tuzing. Iboralarni jonlantirish uchun keyinroq ob-havo idiomalari sahifasiga ham qarang.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
