Go bilan tuzilgan phrasal verblarning katta qismi harakat yoki o‘zgarishni bildiradi: go up — narx ko‘tarilishi, go out — chiroq o‘chishi yoki uydan chiqish, go off — budilnik jiringlashi yoki ovqat buzilishi. Bir nechtasi esa odamlar orasidagi munosabat haqida: go along with — istamasa ham rozi bo‘lish. Quyida 20 ta birikma: o‘zbekcha ma’no, Toshkent va viloyatlar hayotidan misol, uslub va so‘z tartibi bilan.
Hozirning o‘zida ayting: Prices went up. The lights went out. My alarm went off at six. Uchala gap ham kundalik suhbatda tez-tez kerak bo‘ladi.
Go ning so‘z tartibidagi yengilligi
Take yoki put dan farqli ravishda, go birikmalari deyarli hech qachon ajralmaydi. Ularning ko‘pchiligi to‘ldiruvchisiz (The wedding went on), qolganlarida to‘ldiruvchi doim oxirida turadi: go through it, go over them, go with it. Go it through yoki go them over — xato. Olmosh qayerga borishini o‘ylashga hojat yo‘q, bu sizga qulay.
Harakat va o‘zgarish: tom ma’noga yaqin
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol | Uslub · tartib |
|---|---|---|---|
| go out | uydan chiqmoq; dam olgani bormoq | We usually go out for shashlik on Friday evenings. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go away | ketmoq; (og‘riq) o‘tib ketmoq | The headache went away after a cup of green tea. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go back | qaytmoq | After her master’s in Seoul, she went back to Fergana. | neytral · go back to + joy |
| go up | (narx, son) oshmoq | The price of meat at Oloy bozori went up again. | neytral · go up by 10% |
| go down | kamaymoq; (quyosh) botmoq | In the Kyzylkum, the temperature goes down fast at night. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go by | (vaqt) o‘tmoq | Five years went by, and I still remember my first English teacher. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go ahead | boshlayvering, marhamat | “Can I use your charger?” “Sure, go ahead.” | norasmiy · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go round | hammaga yetmoq | Is there enough somsa to go round? | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
Davom etish, tugash, buzilish
Bu guruhda zarracha jarayonning qaysi bosqichi ekanini ko‘rsatadi: on — davom etadi, off — to‘satdan boshlanadi yoki buziladi, out — tugaydi.
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol | Uslub · tartib |
|---|---|---|---|
| go on | davom etmoq | The wedding went on until two in the morning. | neytral · go on + -ing |
| go off (signal) | jiringlamoq, ishga tushmoq | My alarm went off at 4:30 for the early flight. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go off (ovqat) | aynimoq, buzilmoq | Don’t drink that ayran, it’s gone off. | norasmiy (BrE) · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go out (chiroq, olov) | o‘chmoq | The lights went out during the storm in Chilonzor. | neytral · to‘ldiruvchisiz |
| go through (qiyinchilik) | boshdan kechirmoq | She went through a hard time after she lost her job. | neytral · ajralmaydi: go through it |
| go through (hujjat) | diqqat bilan ko‘rib chiqmoq | Let’s go through the rental contract line by line. | neytral · ajralmaydi |
| go over | takrorlamoq, qayta ko‘zdan kechirmoq | I went over my notes on the metro before the interview. | neytral · ajralmaydi: go over them |
Go on doing va go on to do farqi: She went on studying — o‘qishni davom ettirdi; She went on to study medicine — keyingi bosqichda tibbiyotga o‘qishga kirdi.
Tanlov, mos kelish va munosabatlar
| Phrasal verb | Ma’no | Misol | Uslub · tartib |
|---|---|---|---|
| go with | mos kelmoq | This blue atlas scarf goes with your coat. | neytral · ajralmaydi |
| go for | tanlamoq; jur’at qilmoq | I’ll go for the lagman, please. / A scholarship abroad? Go for it! | norasmiy · ajralmaydi: go for it |
| go without | …siz yashamoq, voz kechmoq | In Ramadan, many people go without food until sunset. | neytral · ajralmaydi |
| go off (birovni) | yoqtirmay qolmoq | I’ve gone off fizzy drinks lately. | norasmiy (BrE) · ajralmaydi |
| go out with | (sevgilisi bilan) uchrashib yurmoq | How long has Bekzod been going out with Sevara? | norasmiy · ajralmaydi |
| go along with | (istamasa ham) rozi bo‘lmoq | I didn’t like the plan, but I went along with it. | neytral · ajralmaydi |
| go down with | kasal bo‘lib qolmoq | Half our class went down with flu in November. | norasmiy (BrE) · ajralmaydi |
Zarrachalar go bilan qanday ishlaydi
| Zarracha | Ma’no | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| up / down | oshish / kamayish | narx, harorat, raqamlar |
| on | davom | to‘y, suhbat, tirbandlik |
| off | to‘satdan boshlanish yoki buzilish | budilnik, bomba, sut |
| out | tugash, o‘chish; tashqariga chiqish | chiroq, olov; uydan chiqish |
| through | boshidan oxirigacha | hujjat, og‘ir davr |
| back | qaytish | uyga, eski odatga |
Go off ning qarama-qarshi ma’nolariga e’tibor bering: budilnik goes off — ishga tushadi, sut goes off — buziladi. Qaysi biri ekanini faqat kontekst aytadi.
Go bilan tarjimada adashish holatlari
| Xato gap | To‘g‘ri gap | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| Prices went up on 15%. | Prices went up by 15%. | Ruscha “на” kalkasi; foiz by bilan |
| I went through the exam! | I passed the exam! | “Imtihondan o‘tdim” — pass; go through imtihon jarayonini boshdan kechirish |
| I’m going out with my classmates tonight. (sevgi ma’nosisiz) | I’m going out tonight with some classmates. / I’m hanging out with my classmates. | go out with + bitta odam ko‘pincha “uchrashib yurish” deb tushuniladi |
| Let’s go it over again. | Let’s go over it again. | Go birikmalari ajralmaydi |
| She went on to work after lunch. (davom ettirdi ma’nosida) | She went on working after lunch. | Davom etish — go on + -ing |
| The milk became bad. | The milk has gone off. / The milk has gone bad. | Tabiiy birikma go off yoki go bad |
Dialog: to‘ydan keyingi kun
Nigora: Did you hear? The lights went out at the wedding hall last night!
Bobur: Seriously? What happened?
Nigora: Nothing terrible. The music stopped, but the wedding went on with candles until midnight.
Bobur: Ha! Are you going out tonight?
Nigora: I can’t. Prices went up again, so I’m going without cafés this month. I need to go through my budget.
Bobur: Fair enough. By the way, is Sardor still going out with Laylo?
Nigora: Yes, but don’t ask him about it. Just go along with whatever story he tells.
Dialogdagi sakkizta go birikmasini tagiga chizing va har biri qaysi guruhdan ekanini aniqlang.
Mashq: go bilan 15 ta gap
1–10: bo‘sh joyga on, off, out, up, down, through, over, with, without, along with dan mosini qo‘ying. 11–15: xatoni toping va tuzating.
- Petrol prices went ______ by 8% this year.
- The fire alarm went ______ because someone burnt the toast.
- Can you go ______ my essay and check the articles?
- The meeting went ______ for three hours. I was so tired.
- These brown shoes don’t go ______ my grey suit.
- The candle went ______ when the window opened.
- Many students go ______ breakfast before early classes.
- Sanjar went ______ a difficult period after moving to Tashkent.
- The swelling on my knee went ______ after two days.
- I didn’t agree with my boss, but I went ______ his decision.
- Don’t eat that yogurt, it went out.
- I went through my driving test on the first try!
- The rent went up on 20 percent.
- Let’s go the plan over tomorrow.
- After the break, the teacher went on to explain the same rule.
Javoblar
- up — narx oshdi; foiz by bilan.
- off — signal to‘satdan jiringladi.
- over — xatolarni topish uchun qayta ko‘rib chiqish; through ham mumkin.
- on — uchrashuv davom etdi.
- with — mos kelmaydi.
- out — sham o‘chdi.
- without — nonushtasiz qolishadi.
- through — og‘ir davrni boshdan kechirdi.
- down — shish kamaydi; went away ham to‘g‘ri, u butunlay yo‘qolganini bildiradi.
- along with — ichida rozi bo‘lmasa ham qarshilik qilmadi.
- it has gone off — ovqat buzilishi go off, go out esa chiroq yoki olov uchun.
- I passed my driving test — imtihondan o‘tish pass.
- went up by 20 percent — on emas, by.
- go over the plan — go birikmasi ajralmaydi.
- went on explaining — agar o‘sha qoidani tushuntirishni davom ettirgan bo‘lsa, -ing. Went on to explain yangi mavzuga o‘tganini bildiradi.
Go dan keyin nimani o‘rganish kerak
Go ning juftligi — come: come bilan phrasal verblar sahifasida come back, come across, come up with xuddi shunday guruhlangan. Oldingi qism: put bilan phrasal verblar. Go out with kabi munosabat birikmalari munosabatlar haqida phrasal verblar sahifasida hikoya orqali berilgan, sayohatdagi go va get birikmalari esa sayohat uchun phrasal verblar sahifasida.
Go birikmalarini Bandi bilan hikoyada ishlatish
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan “oxirgi to‘y qanday o‘tdi”, “narxlar qanday o‘zgardi” yoki “eng og‘ir davringiz” haqida gaplashing. Bunday hikoyalar go on, go up, go through ni o‘z-o‘zidan talab qiladi. Ilova talaffuz va grammatika bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi; bu rasmiy baho emas, ammo by va on kabi mayda xatolaringizni ko‘rishga yordam beradi.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
