Rise va raise farqi: o‘timli va o‘timsiz fe’l, IELTS grafiklari

Rise — o‘zi ko‘tariladi, to‘ldiruvchi olmaydi: Prices rose. (Narxlar oshdi.) Raise — kimdir nimanidir ko‘taradi, to‘ldiruvchi shart: The shop raised its prices. (Do‘kon narxlarni oshirdi.) O‘zbekchada bu farq allaqachon bor: ko‘tarilmoq / oshmoq — rise, ko‘tarmoq / oshirmoq — raise.

Tekshiruv savoli: “Fe’ldan keyin nimani? degan savolga javob bormi?” Bo‘lsa — raise. Bo‘lmasa — rise. Shakllarni ham adashtirmang: rise – rose – risen noto‘g‘ri fe’l, raise – raised – raised to‘g‘ri fe’l.

Rise, raise va arise: jadval

	Rise	Raise	Arise
Turi	o‘timsiz (to‘ldiruvchisiz)	o‘timli (to‘ldiruvchi bilan)	o‘timsiz
Ma’no	ko‘tarilmoq, oshmoq, chiqmoq	ko‘tarmoq, oshirmoq; tarbiyalamoq; yig‘moq	(muammo, savol) paydo bo‘lmoq
Shakllar	rise – rose – risen; rising	raise – raised – raised; raising	arise – arose – arisen
Talaffuz	/raɪz/, /rəʊz/, /ˈrɪzn/	/reɪz/	/əˈraɪz/
Ot	a rise (oshish)	a raise (AmE: oylik oshishi)	—
O‘zbekcha	ko‘tarilmoq, oshmoq, chiqmoq (quyosh)	ko‘tarmoq, oshirmoq, tarbiyalamoq	yuzaga kelmoq, paydo bo‘lmoq
Ruscha	расти, подниматься, всходить	поднимать, повышать, растить	возникать

Rus tilida o‘qiganlar uchun belgi — -ся: подниматься (o‘zi) = rise, поднимать (nimanidir) = raise. O‘zbekchada esa -il va -ir: oshmoq → oshirmoq, ko‘tarilmoq → ko‘tarmoq.

Talaffuzda ham ehtiyot bo‘ling: rise /raɪz/ “rayz”, raise /reɪz/ “reyz”. Oxirgi tovush ikkalasida ham z, s emas. Risen /ˈrɪzn/ esa qisqa “i” bilan aytiladi.

Rise: nima o‘zi ko‘tariladi

prices / costs rise — narxlar oshadi
the sun rises — quyosh chiqadi: The sun rises earlier in June.
temperatures rise — harorat ko‘tariladi
sea levels rise — dengiz sathi ko‘tariladi
the river rose — daryo suvi ko‘tarildi
rise to the top — cho‘qqiga chiqmoq, eng yaxshilar qatoriga kirmoq
a rising star — yangi yulduz, tez mashhur bo‘layotgan odam

Ot sifatida: a rise in + nima oshgani: a rise in unemployment, a sharp rise in fuel prices. Britaniyada oylik oshishi — a pay rise, Amerikada — a raise.

Raise: nimani ko‘taramiz

raise your hand — qo‘l ko‘tarmoq: Raise your hand if you have a question.
raise prices / taxes / salaries — narx, soliq, maoshni oshirmoq
raise money for — biror maqsad uchun pul yig‘moq: Students raised money for the children’s hospital.
raise children — bola tarbiyalamoq: My grandparents raised six children in a small house in Marg‘ilon.
raise a question / an issue — savol, masala ko‘tarmoq (majlisda)
raise awareness — xabardorlikni oshirmoq: The campaign raised awareness about clean water.
raise your voice — ovozini ko‘tarmoq, baqirmoq
raise a glass — qadah ko‘tarmoq

Majhul nisbatda ham raise ishlatiladi, chunki u o‘timli: Taxes were raised last year. Rise majhul nisbatga o‘tmaydi: Prices were risen degan shakl yo‘q.

Arise: muammo va savollar paydo bo‘lganda

Arise rasmiyroq so‘z, asosan muammo, vaziyat, savol bilan keladi: A problem arose during the test. If any questions arise, please email me. Kundalik nutqda o‘rniga come up ishlatiladi: Something came up, I can’t come today. Arise ni “o‘rnidan turmoq” ma’nosida faqat eski adabiy matnlarda uchratasiz.

IELTS Task 1 grafiklarida

Task 1 da grafik o‘zgarishini tasvirlaganda raqam yoki ko‘rsatkich ega bo‘ladi, shuning uchun deyarli har doim rise kerak. Raise faqat kimdir biror narsani oshirganini aytsangiz keladi (hukumat, kompaniya).

Quyidagi gaplar mashq uchun tuzilgan namunalar, rasmiy imtihon materiali emas:

The number of tourists rose from 2 million to 5 million between 2015 and 2020.
There was a sharp rise in online sales in the second quarter.
Prices rose steadily until 2019 and then levelled off.
The government raised the minimum wage twice during this period. (hukumat oshirdi — to‘ldiruvchi bor)

Ko‘tarilish	Pasayish	Qaysi turdagi fe’l
rise, go up, climb, grow	fall, drop, go down, decline	faqat o‘timsiz
increase	decrease	ikkalasi ham: Sales increased. The firm increased sales.
raise	reduce, cut, lower	faqat o‘timli

Increase ikki tomonlama ishlagani uchun o‘quvchilar raise ham shunday deb o‘ylaydi. Yo‘q: Sales raised xato. Trend so‘zlarining to‘liq ro‘yxati Task 1 trend so‘zlari sahifasida, chiziqli grafik tahlili esa line graph sahifasida.

Rasmlarda: oshish, pasayish va pul yig‘ish

interest rates rose — foiz stavkalari oshdi — **interest rates rose**foiz stavkalari oshdi

prices are rising — narxlar oshyapti — **prices are rising**narxlar oshyapti

a fall, not a rise — oshish emas, pasayish — **a fall, not a rise**oshish emas, pasayish

ask for a pay rise — oylik oshirishni so‘ramoq — **ask for a pay rise**oylik oshirishni so‘ramoq

raise money for charity — xayriya uchun pul yig‘moq — **raise money for charity**xayriya uchun pul yig‘moq

Birinchi ikkita rasmda strelka o‘zi yuqoriga ketyapti: rise. Oxirgi rasmdagi qiz qutiga pul yig‘yapti: raise money. Uchinchi rasm esa teskari holat: ustunlar pasayib boryapti, bu fall yoki drop.

Almashtirilsa, ma’no o‘zgaradi

Rise bilan	Raise bilan
The dough rose* well.* — Xamir yaxshi ko‘tarildi (achidi).	The baker raised* the price of bread.* — Novvoy non narxini oshirdi.
The water level rose. — Suv sathi ko‘tarildi.	They raised* the bridge.* — Ular ko‘prikni ko‘tarishdi.
He rose* to become director.* — U direktorlikkacha ko‘tarildi.	He was raised* by his aunt.* — Uni xolasi tarbiyalagan.

Grafik tahlilida uchraydigan 8 ta xato

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
The number of students raised.	The number of students rose.	to‘ldiruvchi yo‘q
Prices have rised.	Prices have risen.	noto‘g‘ri fe’l: rise – rose – risen
The company rose salaries.	The company raised salaries.	nimani? — maoshni
There was a raise in sales. (BrE)	There was a rise in sales.	ot: a rise in
Please rise your hand.	Please raise your hand.	qo‘lni ko‘taramiz
My parents rose me in Jizzakh.	My parents raised me in Jizzakh.	tarbiyalamoq
The sun raises at six.	The sun rises at six.	quyosh o‘zi chiqadi
A problem was arised.	A problem arose.	arise o‘timsiz, V2 — arose

Noto‘g‘ri fe’llar shakllarini irregular verbs jadvalida takrorlang. Xuddi shu o‘timli/o‘timsiz tuzoq lie va lay da ham bor, ular lie va lay sahifasida tahlil qilingan.

Dialog: ish joyida

Sherzod: Have you heard? Rent in our area has risen again.

Madina: I know. Our landlord raised it by ten percent.

Sherzod: You should ask your boss for a pay rise.

Madina: I raised the question last month, but a problem arose: the company is waiting for the new budget.

Sherzod: Well, when the budget comes, raise it again. Costs keep rising for everyone.

Mashq: rise, raise yoki arise? (15 ta gap)

To‘g‘ri fe’lni yoki otni kerakli shaklda qo‘ying.

Food prices ______ by 5% last year.
The school ______ money for new computers.
If you know the answer, ______ your hand.
The sun ______ in the east.
Unemployment has ______ since January.
Several problems ______ during the project, so we finished late.
She was ______ by her grandparents in a village near Buxoro.
There has been a sharp ______ in the number of electric cars.
The bank ______ interest rates in March.
Temperatures are ______ every summer.
Don’t ______ your voice at your little brother.
The number of visitors ______ steadily from 2018 to 2021.
I want to ______ an important issue at the meeting.
After the heavy rain, the river ______ quickly.
The campaign ______ awareness of plastic waste.

Javoblar

rose — narxlar o‘zi oshdi, to‘ldiruvchi yo‘q.
raised — raise money, nimani? — pulni.
raise — qo‘lni ko‘taramiz.
rises — quyosh o‘zi chiqadi; umumiy haqiqat, s bilan.
risen — Present Perfect: has risen.
arose — muammo paydo bo‘ldi, o‘tgan zamon.
raised — majhul nisbat: was raised by = tarbiyalangan.
rise — ot: a sharp rise in.
raised — bank stavkalarni oshirdi.
rising — davomli zamon, e tushadi.
raise — raise your voice.
rose — grafik gapi: ko‘rsatkich o‘zi oshdi.
raise — raise an issue.
rose — daryo suvi o‘zi ko‘tarildi.
raised — raise awareness.

Xatoni topish uchun har bir gapda fe’ldan keyin “nimani?” deb so‘rang. 12 tadan ko‘p to‘g‘ri bo‘lsa, grafik tasvirlashga tayyorsiz.

Grafikni ovoz chiqarib tasvirlash

Grafik tasviri yozma vazifa bo‘lsa ham, uni avval og‘zaki aytib ko‘rish rise/raise ni avtomatlashtiradi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan narxlar, ish va shahar hayoti haqida ovozli suhbat qilasiz: Prices have risen, My boss raised my salary kabi gaplarni o‘zingiz tuzasiz, AI esa xato fe’l shaklini ko‘rsatadi. Bu mashq uchun yordam, rasmiy IELTS bahosi emas.

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