Ta’til so‘rash xatida to‘rt narsa bo‘lishi kerak: aniq sanalar (from 9 to 20 November), ta’til turi (annual leave), ishingiz kimda qolishi (Dilshod has agreed to cover my tasks) va tasdiq so‘rovi (Could you please approve it?). Kasallik haqidagi xabar esa qisqa: bugun kela olmaysiz, qachon qaytishni kutyapsiz va shoshilinch ishlar kimda. Tashxis va tafsilotlarni yozish shart emas.
Quyida ta’til turlarining inglizcha nomlari, iboralar banki, yettita tayyor namuna (yillik ta’til, bir kunlik dam olish, kasallik, oilaviy holat, avtomatik javob) va mashq bor. Ismlar o‘ylab topilgan.
Ta’til turlari inglizcha
| Inglizcha | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| annual leave (UK) / vacation (US) | yillik mehnat ta’tili | I’d like to take annual leave in August. |
| holiday (UK) | ta’til, dam olish | I’m on holiday next week. |
| day off | bir kunlik dam olish | Could I take Friday off? |
| half day | yarim kun | I need a half day on Tuesday afternoon. |
| sick leave | kasallik ta’tili | I’m on sick leave until Thursday. |
| sick day | kasallik tufayli bir kun | I’m taking a sick day today. |
| unpaid leave | haq to‘lanmaydigan ta’til | Is it possible to take a week of unpaid leave? |
| maternity / paternity leave | tug‘ruq va bola parvarishi ta’tili (ona / ota) | She’s on maternity leave until March. |
| compassionate leave | yaqin inson vafoti yoki og‘ir holat tufayli ta’til | I’ve been given three days of compassionate leave. |
| public holiday | davlat bayrami, dam olish kuni | The office is closed on 1 September, it’s a public holiday. |
| time off in lieu (TOIL) | qo‘shimcha ishlagan kun evaziga dam olish | Can I take time off in lieu for last Saturday? |
On leave — "ta’tilda": She’s on leave this week. Britaniyada holiday, Amerikada vacation ko‘proq ishlatiladi; ikkalasini ham tushunishadi.
Iboralar banki
So‘rash:
- I’d like to request annual leave from 9 to 20 November.
- Would it be possible to take Friday, 6 November, off?
- I’d like to book five days of leave in the first week of January.
Ish kimda qoladi:
- Dilshod has kindly agreed to cover for me.
- I’ll finish the monthly report before I leave.
- All urgent questions can go to Nargiza.
Aloqada bo‘lish:
- I’ll have limited access to email.
- I’ll be reachable by phone for anything urgent.
Tasdiq so‘rash:
- Could you please let me know if this works for the team?
- Please let me know if you need me to change the dates.
1-namuna: yillik ta’til so‘rash
Kontekst: Aziza akasining to‘yi uchun Namanganga bormoqchi.
Subject: Annual leave request: 9–20 November
Hi Mark,
I’d like to request annual leave from Monday, 9 November, to Friday, 20 November (10 working days). My brother is getting married in Namangan, and I’d like to help the family with the preparations.
I’ll finish the supplier report by 6 November, and Dilshod has agreed to cover the daily orders while I’m away. I’ll send him a short handover note before I leave.
Could you please let me know if these dates work for the team?
Thanks,
Aziza
Izoh: sabab bitta gapda, ixtiyoriy. Muhimi — ish kimda qolishi va aniq sana. Ta’tilni bir necha hafta oldin so‘rash yaxshi odat; kompaniyangizda muddat bo‘yicha qoida bo‘lsa, HR yoki ichki qoidalarga qarang.
2-namuna: bir kunlik dam olish (chat)
Hi Mark, would it be OK if I took Friday off? I need to sort out some documents at the bank and the tax office. My tasks for Friday are done, and I’ll check messages in the evening in case anything urgent comes up.
Chatda salomdan keyin darhol so‘rov. Would it be OK if I took… — Past Simple bu yerda o‘tgan zamon emas, muloyimlik belgisi.
3-namuna: ertalab kasallik haqida xabar
Good morning Mark, I’m not feeling well today. I have a high temperature, so I won’t be able to come in. I’ll rest today and let you know tomorrow morning how I am. Nargiza has the files for the 11 am client call. Sorry for the short notice.
Izoh: xabar ish boshlanishidan oldin yuboriladi. Kasallikni bitta umumiy gap bilan ayting (I’m not feeling well, I’ve got a bad cold). Kasallik nomlari kerak bo‘lsa, kasalliklar nomi inglizcha sahifasiga qarang.
4-namuna: bir necha kunlik kasallik ta’tili
Subject: Sick leave: 12–14 October
Hi Mark,
I saw a doctor this morning, and I’ve been told to stay at home until Wednesday. I expect to be back on Thursday, 15 October. I’ll send the medical certificate to HR as soon as I have it.
The only urgent task this week is the price list for the Bukhara hotel. Nargiza knows where the file is and can send it on Tuesday.
Best regards,
Aziza
Izoh: kasallik varaqasi (medical certificate, sick note) qanday va qachon topshirilishi kompaniyaga va mamlakatga bog‘liq. Qoidani HR bo‘limidan so‘rang. Shifokor qabulida inglizcha gaplashish uchun doctor appointment English sahifasi bor.
5-namuna: oilaviy og‘ir holat
Hi Mark, I’m sorry for the short notice. There has been a death in my family, and I need to travel to Samarkand today. I’d like to take compassionate leave until Wednesday. I’ll keep my phone on, and I’ll let you know if I need more time.
Izoh: bunday vaziyatda qisqalik normal. Tafsilot yozish shart emas; rahbar odatda Take all the time you need deb javob beradi.
6-namuna: out-of-office avtomatik javob
Thank you for your email. I’m on annual leave from 9 to 20 November with limited access to email. For urgent orders, please contact Dilshod Ergashev at dilshod@example.com. I’ll reply to your message when I’m back on 23 November.
Avtojavobda uch narsa: qachongacha yo‘qsiz, kimga murojaat qilish mumkin, qachon javob berasiz.
7-namuna: rahbarning javoblari
Tasdiq: Sure, that’s fine. Enjoy the wedding! / Approved. Please add it to the team calendar.
Rad yoki o‘zgartirish: I’m afraid that week is difficult because of the audit. Could you take the following week instead? Siz: That’s no problem. Could I take 23 November to 4 December then?
"Otpusk" va "bolnichniy"dan inglizchaga: chalkash so‘zlar
| Rus/o‘zbekcha so‘zlashuvda | Inglizcha |
|---|---|
| otpusk | annual leave / holiday / vacation |
| bolnichniy (varaqa) | medical certificate / sick note |
| bolnichniyda | on sick leave |
| dekret | maternity leave |
| otgul | a day off / time off in lieu |
| za svoy schyot | unpaid leave |
Uchta tipik xato:
- I have temperature. → I have a temperature yoki I have a fever. Artikl kerak.
- I want holiday. → I’d like to take some time off. I want rahbarga talab kabi eshitiladi.
- Give me permission for day off. → Would it be possible to take a day off?
Umuman olganda, ish xatlaridagi muloyim so‘rov shakllari business email namunalari sahifasida ham ko‘p uchraydi.
Mashq: to‘g‘ri variantni tanlang
- 1. I’d like to ______ annual leave from 3 to 7 March. (a) request b) ask)
- 2. Would it be possible to take Friday ______? (a) off b) free)
- 3. I’m not feeling well, so I won’t be able to ______ today. (a) come in b) come)
- 4. She is ______ maternity leave until June. (a) in b) on)
- 5. I have ______ high temperature. (a) — b) a)
- 6. Dilshod has agreed to ______ for me. (a) cover b) change)
- 7. I’ll send the medical ______ to HR. (a) certificate b) paper)
- 8. Sorry for the short ______. (a) notice b) note)
Javoblar
1 — a; 2 — a; 3 — a; 4 — b; 5 — b; 6 — a; 7 — a; 8 — a.
1-savolda ask for annual leave ham to‘g‘ri, lekin ask annual leave (predlogsiz) xato. 3-savolda come in — "ishga kelmoq, ofisga kelmoq" ma’nosidagi tabiiy ish iborasi.
Rahbarga og‘zaki so‘rashni mashq qilish
Ko‘pincha ta’tilni avval og‘zaki, yig‘ilishdan keyin yoki qo‘ng‘iroqda so‘raysiz, keyin xat bilan tasdiqlaysiz. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan shu suhbatni o‘ynang: siz sanalarni aytasiz, Bandi rahbar sifatida Who will cover for you? deb so‘raydi yoki boshqa hafta taklif qiladi. Ilova talaffuz va ravonlik bo‘yicha fikr bildiradi. Ishdan butunlay ketish haqida xat kerak bo‘lsa, resignation letter sahifasida namunalar bor.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
