Transport turlarining asosiylari: bus (avtobus), metro (metro), taxi, car, train (poyezd), plane (samolyot) va bicycle (velosiped). Qanday borganingizni by bilan aytasiz: by bus, by metro, by car; piyoda bo‘lsa — on foot. Transportga chiqish — get on, tushish — get off, ulgurish — catch, ulgurmay qolish — miss.
Birinchi gapingiz tayyor: I usually go to work by metro, but today I missed the train and took a taxi. Shu gapda to‘rtta kalit so‘z bor. Quyida 18 ta transport turi, 15 ta fe’l, Toshkent metrosi haqida namuna matn, dialog va mashq.
18 ta transport turi: tarjima va misol
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bus | avtobus | The bus to Chilonzor is always full in the morning. |
| 2 | minibus | marshrutka, “Damas” | I take a minibus from the bazaar to my village. |
| 3 | taxi (AmE ham: cab) | taksi | We ordered a taxi through an app. |
| 4 | metro (BrE: the underground, AmE: the subway) | metro | The metro is the fastest way to cross the city. |
| 5 | train | poyezd | We took the night train to Nukus. |
| 6 | high-speed train | tezyurar poyezd | The Afrosiyob is a high-speed train between Tashkent and Samarkand. |
| 7 | plane | samolyot | It’s quicker to go to Termez by plane. |
| 8 | car | yengil mashina | My uncle drives an old white car. |
| 9 | bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪkl/ (bike) | velosiped | In summer I ride my bike to the lake. |
| 10 | electric scooter | elektrosamokat | Students rent electric scooters near the university. |
| 11 | motorbike | mototsikl | He delivers food on a motorbike. |
| 12 | coach | shaharlararo avtobus | The coach to Fergana is cheaper than the train. |
| 13 | van | furgon, kichik yuk mashinasi | We moved flats with a small van. |
| 14 | lorry (AmE: truck) | yuk mashinasi | The lorry was too big for our narrow street. |
| 15 | tram | tramvay | Many European cities still have trams. |
| 16 | boat | qayiq, kema | We went on a boat trip on Charvak Lake. |
| 17 | cable car | kanatli yo‘l | We took the cable car up the mountain. |
| 18 | helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə/ | vertolyot | The rescue team arrived by helicopter. |
Talaffuz: bus — “bas”, “bus” emas; bicycle — “BAY-sikl”, ikkinchi bo‘g‘indagi y “ay” o‘qilmaydi; coach — “kouch”, oxiri ch. Metro so‘zi inglizlarga tushunarli, lekin Londonda the Tube ham deyishadi.
By, on, in: qanday borganingizni aytish
O‘zbekcha “avtobusda bordim” bitta qolip, inglizchada esa uchta:
| Nima demoqchisiz | Qolip | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Transport usuli (umumiy) | by + artiklsiz | I go to university by bus. |
| Piyoda | on foot | It takes ten minutes on foot. |
| Aniq bir avtobus, poyezd ichida | on the bus/train/metro/plane | I read on the metro. |
| Mashina, taksi ichida | in a / in the car/taxi | I left my phone in the taxi. |
| Fe’l bilan | take the bus/metro | Take the metro to Chorsu. |
By foot deyish keng tarqalgan xato, to‘g‘risi on foot. Agar egalik so‘zi bo‘lsa, by ishlamaydi: by car, lekin in my car.
15 ta fe’l: chiqish, tushish, ulgurish
| Fe’l | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| get on | (avtobus, poyezdga) chiqmoq | Get on the bus at the front door. |
| get off | tushmoq | Get off at the next stop. |
| get in / get into | (mashinaga) o‘tirmoq | Get in the car, we’re late! |
| get out of | (mashinadan) tushmoq | She got out of the taxi and paid. |
| catch | ulgurmoq | I ran and caught the last bus. |
| miss | ulgurmay qolmoq | If we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the train. |
| take | (transportda) bormoq | I take the metro every day. |
| change | almashtirmoq | You need to change at the next station. |
| wait for | kutmoq | I waited for the bus for twenty minutes. |
| drive | (mashina) haydamoq | My mum drives to work. |
| ride | (velosiped, ot, mototsikl) minmoq | Can you ride a bike? |
| walk | piyoda yurmoq | I walk to school when the weather is nice. |
| pay the fare | yo‘l haqini to‘lamoq | You can pay the fare with a card. |
| give someone a lift | mashinada olib ketmoq | Can you give me a lift to the airport? |
| get stuck in traffic | tirbandlikda qolmoq | We got stuck in traffic for an hour. |
Qoida: kirib, ichida yurish mumkin bo‘lgan transport — get on/off (bus, train, metro, plane). Engashib o‘tiradigan kichik transport — get in/out of (car, taxi). “Avtobusga o‘tirdim”ni so‘zma-so‘z I sat the bus deb tarjima qilmang: I got on the bus yoki I took the bus.
Toshkent metrosi va avtobuslari haqida gapirish
Chet ellik mehmon Toshkent transporti haqida so‘rasa, ko‘pincha ikki narsaga qiziqadi: qancha qulay va nimasi o‘ziga xos. Toshkent metrosi 1977-yilda ochilgan va Markaziy Osiyodagi birinchi metro hisoblanadi. Bekatlarning har biri o‘z bezagiga ega, shuning uchun sayyohlar ularni suratga olish uchun ham tushadi.
Quyidagi A2–B1 darajadagi namuna matnni o‘qing va o‘zingizga moslab qayta yozing:
I live in Yunusobod and study in the city centre, so I take the metro every day. The station is a ten-minute walk from my house. The metro is fast and cheap, and the trains come every few minutes. In the rush hour it gets very crowded, so I try to leave home before eight. What I like most is the design: every station looks different. Kosmonavtlar has a space theme, and some stations look like museums, with marble, chandeliers and painted ceilings. If I’m late, I take a bus or order a taxi, but then I often get stuck in traffic.
Matndagi foydali bo‘laklar: a ten-minute walk (o‘n daqiqalik yo‘l), the trains come every few minutes, it gets crowded, order a taxi. Bekatlar sonini yoki yo‘l narxini aytmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, oldin rasmiy manbadan (Toshkent metropoliteni sayti) tekshiring: ular yangi liniyalar bilan o‘zgarib turadi.
Avtobusda va metroda ko‘p eshitiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Nega |
|---|---|---|
| I go with bus. | I go by bus. | O‘zbekcha “bilan” → by |
| I come by foot. | I come on foot. | Istisno ibora |
| I lost the bus. | I missed the bus. | Lose — yo‘qotmoq |
| I went down from the bus. | I got off the bus. | Ruscha “сошёл” kalkasi |
| I ride a car. | I drive a car. / I go by car. | Ride — velosiped, ot |
| I go to work by my car. | I go to work in my car. | Egalik so‘zi bilan in |
| The bus was late on 20 minutes. | The bus was 20 minutes late. | Vaqt sifatdan oldin |
Vokzal kassasida chipta olish, platforma va kechikish e’lonlari vokzalda inglizcha sahifasida, taksida haydovchi bilan gaplashish esa taksida inglizcha sahifasida dialoglar bilan berilgan.
Dialog: Kosmonavtlar bekatida chet ellik talaba
Lena: Hi, sorry to bother you. How do I get to Chorsu Bazaar from here?
Bekzod: The easiest way is by metro. Chorsu is on this line, so you don’t need to change.
Lena: Which direction?
Bekzod: Check the map on the wall and count the stops. Get off at Chorsu, and the bazaar is right outside.
Lena: Is there a bus as well?
Bekzod: There is, but at this time you’ll get stuck in traffic. The metro is much faster.
Lena: OK. And how do I pay the fare?
Bekzod: You can buy a ticket at the counter or use a transport card. Come on, I’m going the same way. If we hurry, we’ll catch the next train.
Liniya va yo‘nalishni har doim bekatdagi xaritadan tekshiring: yangi bekatlar ochilganda sxema o‘zgaradi.
Mashq: fe’l va predlogni tanlang
A. To‘g‘ri so‘zni tanlang.
- 1. Hurry up or we’ll (miss / lose) the train.
- 2. I usually go to school (by / on) foot.
- 3. She (got off / got out of) the taxi near the hotel.
- 4. We (got on / got in) the bus at Chilonzor.
- 5. I left my umbrella (in / on) the metro.
- 6. Can you (drive / ride) a motorbike?
B. Transport turini inglizcha yozing.
- 7. Shaharlararo avtobus.
- 8. Tezyurar poyezd.
- 9. Yuk mashinasi (Britaniya inglizchasida).
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 10. I go to work with bus.
- 11. The train was late on ten minutes.
- 12. I went down from the bus at the wrong stop.
Javoblar
1 — miss; 2 — on; 3 — got out of; 4 — got on; 5 — on; 6 — ride. 7 — coach; 8 — high-speed train; 9 — lorry. 10 — I go to work by bus. 11 — The train was ten minutes late. 12 — I got off the bus at the wrong stop.
Kundalik yo‘lingizni Bandiga aytib bering
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan How do you get to work or university? mavzusida gaplashing: qaysi transportda borasiz, qancha vaqt ketadi, tirbandlikda qolasizmi. Ovozli javobingizda by foot yoki lost the bus kabi xatolar bo‘lsa, ilova to‘g‘ri variantni ko‘rsatadi. IELTS’ga tayyorlanayotgan bo‘lsangiz, IELTS Speaking transport savollari sahifasidagi namunalar bilan solishtiring, mashina haqida gapirish uchun esa mashina qismlari inglizcha sahifasini oching.
