Zero conditional — har safar bir xil natija beradigan shart: If you don’t water a plant, it dies. Formula oddiy: If / When + Present Simple, Present Simple. Ikkala qismda ham hozirgi oddiy zamon turadi, chunki gap bitta voqea haqida emas, qonuniyat haqida.
O‘zbekchada bu gaplar -sa, -adi yoki -ganda, -adi bilan aytiladi: Gulga suv quymasangiz, u quriydi. Qish kelganda, kunlar qisqaradi. Natija qismida “-adi” turgan ekan, inglizchada ham oddiy present qo‘yavering.
Formula va uchta shakl
| Shakl | Tuzilishi | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tasdiq | If + present, present | If you add sugar to tea, it tastes sweeter. | Choyga shakar solsangiz, shirinroq bo‘ladi. |
| Inkor | If + don’t / doesn’t, present | If the dough doesn’t rest, the bread comes out hard. | Xamir tindirilmasa, non qattiq chiqadi. |
| So‘roq | What happens if + present? | What happens if you press this red button? | Bu qizil tugmani bossangiz, nima bo‘ladi? |
| Buyruq | If + present, buyruq | If the alarm rings, leave the building. | Signal chalinsa, binodan chiqing. |
Oxirgi qator ko‘rsatma va yo‘riqnomalarda uchraydi: natija qismida fe’lning buyruq shakli turadi. Grammatikachilar uni ba’zan alohida ko‘rsatadi, lekin mantiq bir xil: shart bajarilsa, har safar shu ish qilinadi.
Qismlar o‘rnini almashtirish mumkin. If qismi boshida bo‘lsa vergul qo‘yiladi, oxirida bo‘lsa qo‘yilmaydi: Metal expands if you heat it.
Qayerda uchraydi: fan, tana, texnika va uy
Zero conditional’ni darslikda ko‘pincha fizika misollari bilan o‘rgatishadi. Aslida kundalik nutqda u ko‘proq odatlar va “menda doim shunday bo‘ladi” degan gaplarda eshitiladi.
Fan va tabiat
- If you put oil in water, the oil floats. — Suvga yog‘ quysangiz, yog‘ yuzaga chiqadi.
- If plants don’t get sunlight, their leaves turn yellow. — O‘simlik quyosh ko‘rmasa, barglari sarg‘ayadi.
- When the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, we see a solar eclipse. — Oy Quyosh bilan Yer orasidan o‘tganda, quyosh tutilishini ko‘ramiz.
- If a lake loses more water than it gets, it shrinks. — Ko‘l oladiganidan ko‘proq suv yo‘qotsa, kichrayadi.
Tana va salomatlik
- If I drink strong tea late at night, I can’t fall asleep. — Kechasi quyuq choy ichsam, uxlay olmayman.
- If you don’t sleep enough, you make more mistakes. — Yetarli uxlamasangiz, ko‘proq xato qilasiz.
- When my son eats too many sweets, he gets a stomach ache. — O‘g‘lim ko‘p shirinlik yesa, qorni og‘riydi.
Texnika
- If you hold the power button for ten seconds, the phone restarts. — Quvvat tugmasini o‘n soniya bossangiz, telefon qayta yoqiladi.
- If the Wi-Fi is slow, the video stops every few seconds. — Wi-Fi sekin bo‘lsa, video har necha soniyada to‘xtaydi.
- When you close the laptop lid, it goes to sleep. — Noutbuk qopqog‘ini yopsangiz, u uyqu rejimiga o‘tadi.
Uy va shahar
- If you cook rice with too much water, it gets sticky. — Guruchni ko‘p suv bilan pishirsangiz, yopishqoq bo‘lib qoladi.
- When it snows in Tashkent, the roads get very busy. — Toshkentda qor yog‘ganda, yo‘llar tirband bo‘ladi.
- If my grandmother hears the azan, she stops talking. — Buvim azon eshitsalar, gapirishdan to‘xtaydilar.
Zero yoki first: “har doim” va “bu safar”
Eng ko‘p savol shu: If you heat it, it melts va If you heat it, it will melt — qaysi biri to‘g‘ri? Ikkalasi ham to‘g‘ri bo‘lishi mumkin, lekin ular boshqa narsani aytadi.
| Zero: umumiy qoida | First: aniq bir holat |
|---|---|
| If I eat late, I sleep badly. — Kech ovqatlansam, yomon uxlayman (menda doim shunday). | If I eat now, I’ll sleep badly tonight. — Hozir ovqatlansam, bugun kechasi yomon uxlayman. |
| If you leave milk out of the fridge, it goes sour. — Sutni muzlatgichdan tashqarida qoldirsangiz, achiydi. | If you leave this milk out, it’ll go sour by the evening. — Bu sutni tashqarida qoldirsangiz, kechgacha achib qoladi. |
| When my father is angry, he goes quiet. — Dadam jahli chiqsa, jim bo‘lib qoladi. | If Dad sees this mess, he’ll be angry. — Dadam bu tartibsizlikni ko‘rsa, jahli chiqadi. |
Farqni “this”, “tonight”, “by the evening” kabi so‘zlar ko‘rsatadi. Aniq bir kelajakdagi voqea bo‘lsa — first conditional, umumiy qonuniyat bo‘lsa — zero.
If yoki when: qachon farqi yo‘qoladi
Zero conditional’da if va when deyarli bir xil ma’no beradi, chunki natija har safar takrorlanadi: If / When you mix flour and water, you get dough. When “har safar” ohangini kuchaytiradi, if esa “agar shunday bo‘lib qolsa” ohangini beradi. Whenever ham ishlatiladi: Whenever it rains, our street floods.
First conditional’da esa bu ikkisi farq qiladi: When I see Aziz, I’ll tell him (Azizni albatta ko‘raman) va If I see Aziz, I’ll tell him (ko‘rishim aniq emas). Ma’no farqlarini batafsilroq shart gaplar xaritasi sahifasida ko‘rasiz.
Zero conditional’da will va o‘tgan zamon xatolari
| Noto‘g‘ri | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| If you heat butter, it will melts. | If you heat butter, it melts. | will dan keyin -s bo‘lmaydi; qonuniyat uchun present yetarli |
| If water will reach 100 °C, it boils. | When water reaches 100 °C, it boils. | if/when qismida will yo‘q |
| If you press here, the door open. | If you press here, the door opens. | uchinchi shaxs birlikda -s |
| If I don’t eat breakfast, I am get tired. | If I don’t eat breakfast, I get tired. | am va fe’l birga kelmaydi |
| When I was a child, if it rained, we play inside. | When I was a child, if it rained, we played inside. | o‘tmishdagi odatda ikkala qism ham past |
Oxirgi qator qiziq: o‘tmishdagi doimiy qonuniyatni aytganda ikkala qism birga o‘tgan zamonga o‘tadi. Bu hali ham “zero” mantiqi, faqat vaqt o‘tmish. Present Simple’ning -s qoidasini takrorlash kerak bo‘lsa, Present Simple qoidasi sahifasiga qarang.
Tandir yonida: qisqa suhbat
Nabira buvisiga non yopishda yordam beryapti. Suhbatdagi har bir shart — zero conditional.
Nabira: Grandma, why do you touch the dough so many times?
Buvi: If the dough is too soft, the bread falls off the tandir wall. So I check it.
Nabira: And what happens if it’s too hard?
Buvi: If it’s too hard, the bread cracks. When you press it with a finger, it should come back slowly.
Nabira: How do you know the tandir is ready?
Buvi: When the walls turn white, it’s hot enough. If you put the bread in too early, it doesn’t stick.
Nabira: And why do you sprinkle water on top?
Buvi: If you sprinkle a little water, the crust shines. Now, if you want to help, wash your hands.
Oxirgi gapga e’tibor bering: if you want to help, wash your hands — natija qismida buyruq. Bu ham zero conditional’ning tabiiy ko‘rinishi.
Mashq: 14 ta gap
A. Qavsdagi fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.
- 1. If you ______ (drop) a glass on a stone floor, it ______ (break).
- 2. When my phone ______ (get) hot, the screen ______ (become) dim.
- 3. If the baby ______ (not / sleep) in the afternoon, she ______ (cry) all evening.
- 4. Ice ______ (float) if you ______ (put) it in water.
- 5. If people ______ (not / exercise), their muscles ______ (get) weaker.
- 6. What ______ (happen) if you ______ (mix) vinegar and baking soda?
- 7. If you ______ (feel) dizzy, ______ (sit) down immediately.
- 8. When I was at school, if we ______ (be) late, the teacher ______ (make) us stand at the door.
B. Zero yoki first? To‘g‘ri variantni tanlang.
- 9. If you leave bread in a plastic bag, it gets / will get mouldy.
- 10. If you leave this bread here tonight, the cat eats / will eat it.
- 11. When I travel / will travel by plane, I always drink a lot of water.
C. Xatoni toping va tuzating.
- 12. If it will rain, the grass grows faster.
- 13. If you don’t charge a battery, it die.
- 14. When the sun goes down, the air get colder.
Javoblar
- 1. drop … breaks — umumiy fakt, it bilan -s.
- 2. gets … becomes — telefonning har safar takrorlanadigan xususiyati.
- 3. doesn’t sleep … cries — bolaning odati; uchinchi shaxs birlik.
- 4. floats … put — qismlar almashgan, vergul kerak emas.
- 5. don’t exercise … get — people ko‘plik, -s yo‘q.
- 6. happens … mix — so‘roq shakli What happens if…?
- 7. feel … sit — natija qismida buyruq.
- 8. were … made — o‘tmishdagi odat, ikkala qism past.
- 9. gets — non har doim shunday mog‘orlaydi.
- 10. will eat — aniq bir kecha, aniq bir non: first conditional.
- 11. travel — when dan keyin will yo‘q; always doimiylikni ko‘rsatadi.
- 12. If it rains, the grass grows faster. — if qismida will ishlatilmaydi.
- 13. If you don’t charge a battery, it dies. — it bilan -s.
- 14. When the sun goes down, the air gets colder. — the air birlik, -s kerak.
Keyingi qadam — kelajakdagi aniq holatlar uchun first conditional va aralash mashqlar: shart gaplar mashqlari sahifasida hamma turlar bitta testda.
Kundalik odatlaringizni Bandi’ga aytib bering
Zero conditional o‘zingiz haqingizda gapirganda juda qo‘l keladi: If I don’t have coffee, I can’t think. When I’m nervous, I talk fast. IELTS Speaking’ning birinchi qismidagi odatlar haqidagi savollarda ham shunday gaplar tabiiy eshitiladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi sizdan kun tartibingiz, uyqu va ovqatlanish odatlaringiz haqida so‘raydi, siz ovoz chiqarib javob berasiz va -s tushib qolgan joylarni ko‘rasiz. Hozir sinab ko‘ring: o‘zingiz haqingizda “If I…, I…” qolipida beshta rost gap ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
