Hasharot ingliz tilida insect /ˈɪnsekt/, kundalik nutqda esa ko‘pincha bug deyiladi. Eng ko‘p kerak bo‘ladiganlari: ant (chumoli), bee (asalari), fly (pashsha), mosquito (chivin), butterfly (kapalak) va spider (o‘rgimchak). Esda tuting: asalari stings (nish uradi), chivin esa bites (chaqadi, qon so‘radi). O‘zbekchada ikkalasi ham “chaqdi”, inglizchada esa fe’l har xil.
Hozir bitta gap ayting: A mosquito bit me last night, and now my arm itches. Yozda bu gap sizga albatta kerak bo‘ladi.
Uchadigan hasharotlar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bee /biː/ | asalari | Bees collect nectar from apricot blossoms. |
| 2 | wasp /wɒsp/ | ari, sariq ari | A wasp flew into the kitchen and landed on the jam. |
| 3 | hornet /ˈhɔːnɪt/ | qovoqari (yirik ari) | Hornets are bigger than wasps, and their sting really hurts. |
| 4 | fly /flaɪ/ | pashsha | Cover the bread, there are flies everywhere. |
| 5 | mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ | chivin | We sleep under a net because of the mosquitoes. |
| 6 | horsefly /ˈhɔːsflaɪ/ | so‘na | A horsefly bit the cow near the river. |
| 7 | butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ | kapalak | A white butterfly is sitting on the cabbage. |
| 8 | moth /mɒθ/ | kuya, tungi kapalak | Moths fly around the lamp at night. |
| 9 | dragonfly /ˈdræɡənflaɪ/ | ninachi | There are lots of dragonflies by the lake in July. |
| 10 | ladybird (UK), ladybug (US) | xonqizi | A ladybird has black spots on its red back. |
| 11 | firefly /ˈfaɪəflaɪ/ | tunda nur sochadigan qo‘ng‘iz | Have you ever seen fireflies in the mountains? |
Talaffuz: mosquito “moskvito” emas, mə-SKI-təʊ, urg‘u o‘rtada. Moth oxiridagi th — tishlar orasidan chiqadigan shovqinli tovush, “mos” yoki “mot” emas; bu tovush TH talaffuzi sahifasida mashq qilingan. Wasp esa w bilan boshlanadi: lablar yumaloq, pastki lab tishga tegmaydi.
Yerda, o‘tda va daraxtda yashovchilar
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | ant /ænt/ | chumoli | Ants are carrying crumbs across the table. |
| 13 | beetle /ˈbiːtl/ | qo‘ng‘iz | My son found a shiny green beetle in the garden. |
| 14 | cockroach /ˈkɒkrəʊtʃ/ | suvarak | We called a pest control company because of the cockroaches. |
| 15 | grasshopper /ˈɡrɑːshɒpə/ | chigirtka | A grasshopper jumped onto my shoe. |
| 16 | locust /ˈləʊkəst/ | to‘da bo‘lib uchadigan chigirtka | Locusts can destroy a whole field in a day. |
| 17 | cricket /ˈkrɪkɪt/ | chirildoq | I can hear crickets outside the window. |
| 18 | praying mantis | beshikterbatar | A praying mantis sat on the vine without moving. |
| 19 | termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ | termit | Termites damaged the old wooden door. |
| 20 | silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ | ipak qurti | Silkworms eat only mulberry leaves. |
| 21 | caterpillar /ˈkætəpɪlə/ | qurt (kapalak qurti) | This caterpillar will turn into a butterfly. |
Cricket ikki ma’noli: chirildoq va inglizlarning to‘p o‘yini (kriket). Kontekstdan tushunasiz: We played cricket — o‘yin, a cricket was chirping — hasharot.
Hasharot emas, lekin “bug” deyiladi
Ilmiy jihatdan hasharotning olti oyog‘i bor. O‘rgimchak, chayon va kanada sakkiz oyoq bor, ular arachnids guruhiga kiradi. Kundalik nutqda esa inglizlar bularning hammasini bugs yoki bolalarcha creepy-crawlies deb ataydi.
| № | Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | spider /ˈspaɪdə/ | o‘rgimchak | There’s a spider in the corner of the bathroom. |
| 23 | scorpion /ˈskɔːpiən/ | chayon | Be careful, there are scorpions in the desert near Bukhara. |
| 24 | tick /tɪk/ | kana | Check the dog for ticks after a walk in the grass. |
| 25 | flea /fliː/ | burga | Our cat has fleas, so we bought special drops. |
| 26 | louse /laʊs/ (ko‘plik: lice) | bit | The school nurse checks children for lice. |
| 27 | bedbug /ˈbedbʌɡ/ | qandala | The hotel had bedbugs, so we changed rooms. |
| 28 | centipede /ˈsentɪpiːd/ | qirqoyoq | A centipede ran under the fridge. |
| 29 | earthworm /ˈɜːθwɜːm/ | yomg‘ir chuvalchangi | After the rain, earthworms come out of the soil. |
| 30 | snail /sneɪl/ | chig‘anoqli shilliqqurt | A snail is slowly climbing the wall. |
Chig‘anog‘i yo‘q shilliqqurt slug deyiladi. Louse → lice noto‘g‘ri ko‘plik: mouse → mice bilan bir xil qolip. Bunday otlar ro‘yxati birlik va ko‘plik sahifasida bor.
Hasharotlar haqida gapirish uchun fe’l va so‘zlar
| Inglizcha | O‘zbekcha | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| sting (stung) | nish urmoq | A bee stung me on the hand. |
| bite (bit) | chaqmoq, tishlamoq | Mosquitoes bite mostly in the evening. |
| buzz | g‘ing‘illamoq | Something is buzzing near my ear. |
| crawl | o‘rmalamoq | An ant is crawling up your leg! |
| itch | qichimoq | The bite itches, don’t scratch it. |
| swat | urib o‘ldirmoq (gazeta, qo‘l bilan) | He swatted the fly with a newspaper. |
| wing, antenna (ko‘plik: antennae) | qanot, mo‘ylov | A butterfly has four wings and two antennae. |
| hive, web, anthill | uya (ari), to‘r, chumoli uyasi | The spider is repairing its web. |
| swarm | to‘da | A swarm of bees landed on the apple tree. |
| insect repellent | chivin haydovchi vosita | Put on some insect repellent before we go to the lake. |
Bitta asalari chaqsa a bee sting, chivin chaqqan joy a mosquito bite. Doktor bilan gaplashganda: I’ve got a bee sting and my hand is swollen. Allergiya belgilari bo‘lsa, shoshilinch tibbiy yordamga murojaat qiling; bu sahifa tibbiy maslahat emas.
Qiziqarli faktlar: qisqa matn
Quyidagi matnni ovoz chiqarib o‘qing, keyin har bir faktni bitta gap bilan o‘zbekcha qayta ayting.
Insects have six legs and three parts to their body: the head, the thorax and the abdomen. Spiders are not insects, because they have eight legs. Only female mosquitoes bite people; they need blood to produce eggs. Honeybees tell each other where to find flowers with a special “waggle dance”. Butterflies can taste with their feet. Ants are small, but they can carry objects much heavier than their own body. A silkworm makes its cocoon from one long silk thread, and people have used this thread to make fabric for thousands of years. In the Fergana Valley, Margilan is still famous for its silk. Ladybirds are good friends to farmers, because they eat aphids that damage plants.
Tarjimaga yordam: thorax — ko‘krak qismi, abdomen — qorin qismi, aphids — shira (o‘simlik bitlari), cocoon — pilla.
Dialog: kechqurun so‘rida
Madina: Ouch! Something just bit me.
Jasur: It’s probably a mosquito. They come from the canal in the evening.
Madina: My whole arm is itching. Have we got any insect repellent?
Jasur: There’s a spray in the kitchen. And don’t leave the grapes uncovered, the wasps love them.
Madina: I’m not afraid of wasps. I’m afraid of spiders.
Jasur: Spiders are harmless. They catch the flies for us!
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri | Izoh |
|---|---|---|
| A bee bit me. | A bee stung me. | Ari nish bilan uradi: sting. |
| A mosquito stinged me. | A mosquito bit me. | Chivin — bite; stingning o‘tgan zamoni esa stung. |
| There are many louses. | There are a lot of lice. | Louse → lice. |
| I’m afraid from spiders. | I’m afraid of spiders. | Afraid bilan of. |
| Spider is insect. | A spider isn’t an insect. | Artikl kerak, fakt ham noto‘g‘ri. |
| Ant “ent” deb | /ænt/ | Og‘iz kengroq ochiladi, and dagi unli. |
O‘zbekchada hasharot “bor” deyish uchun gap oxirida fe’l keladi: “Oshxonada chumoli bor”. Inglizchada bu there is/are bilan boshlanadi: There are ants in the kitchen.
Mashq
A. Tarjima qiling (bitta so‘z).
- 1. chumoli
- 2. ninachi
- 3. qandala
- 4. ipak qurti
- 5. chayon
B. sting yoki bite? To‘g‘ri shaklni yozing.
- 6. Be careful, that wasp might ______ you.
- 7. I was ______ by mosquitoes all night.
- 8. Yesterday a bee ______ my little sister on the finger.
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 9. My dog has many ticks and fleas and one louses.
- 10. A mosquito stinged me in the park.
Javoblar
1 — ant; 2 — dragonfly; 3 — bedbug; 4 — silkworm; 5 — scorpion; 6 — sting; 7 — bitten; 8 — stung; 9 — My dog has a lot of ticks and fleas and some lice (yoki one louse); 10 — A mosquito bit me in the park.
Hayvonlar mavzusini davom ettirmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, uy hayvonlari inglizcha va yovvoyi hayvonlar inglizcha sahifalarini oching. Arining buzz, chirildoqning chirp ovozi esa hayvonlar ovozi inglizcha sahifasida.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan yoz, dala hovli yoki sayohat haqida gaplashing va hasharotlarni suhbatga qo‘shing: What insects are you afraid of? Have you ever been stung by a bee? Ovozli javobingizda mosquito urg‘usini noto‘g‘ri qo‘ysangiz yoki bite o‘rniga sting desangiz, ilova talaffuz va so‘z tanlovi bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Yuqoridagi matnni bir marta o‘qing, keyin kitobga qaramasdan uchta faktni Bandiga aytib bering.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
