Hunarmandchilik inglizcha: kulolchilik, atlas, so‘zana, pichoq

Hunarmandchilik inglizcha handicrafts yoki qisqasi crafts, hunarmand — craftsman / craftswoman yoki artisan, usta — master (craftsman), shogird — apprentice, ustaxona — workshop. Kulolchilik — pottery, kashtachilik — embroidery, to‘quvchilik — weaving, yog‘och o‘ymakorligi — woodcarving. O‘zbek hunarlarining nomi (atlas, so‘zana, pichoq) inglizchada ko‘pincha o‘zbekcha qoladi va bir gap bilan izohlanadi: Suzani is a hand-embroidered textile that people hang on the wall.

Quyida 30 ta asosiy so‘z, oltita o‘zbek hunarini sayyohga inglizcha tushuntirish namunalari, ustaxonadagi dialog va mashq.

Asosiy so‘zlar: 30 ta

Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
handicrafts, crafts	hunarmandchilik	Uzbekistan is famous for its handicrafts.
craftsman / artisan	hunarmand	The artisan has worked here for forty years.
master craftsman	usta	He learned from a master craftsman in Rishton.
apprentice	shogird	His grandson is his apprentice now.
workshop	ustaxona	Can we visit the workshop?
handmade	qo‘lda yasalgan	Is this bowl handmade?
pottery	kulolchilik; sopol buyumlar	We bought some pottery in Gijduvan.
potter	kulol	The potter shaped the jug in two minutes.
ceramics	keramika	Rishton ceramics are mostly blue and green.
clay	loy	The bowls are made of local clay.
potter’s wheel	kulolchilik charxi	She sat at the potter’s wheel.
glaze	sir (sopol sirti)	The glaze makes the plate shiny.
kiln	xumdon, pishirish pechi	The pots stay in the kiln for hours.
embroidery	kashtachilik; kashta	Suzani is a type of embroidery.
embroider	kashta tikmoq	My grandmother embroidered this cushion.
gold embroidery	zardo‘zlik	Bukhara is known for gold embroidery.
silk	ipak	Margilan is famous for its silk.
weave / weaver	to‘qimoq / to‘quvchi	They weave the fabric on a wooden loom.
loom	to‘quv dastgohi	The loom is older than the building.
thread	ip	The thread is dyed by hand.
natural dyes	tabiiy bo‘yoqlar	Some workshops still use natural dyes.
pattern	naqsh	Each region has its own patterns.
carve / woodcarving	o‘ymoq / yog‘och o‘ymakorligi	The door was carved by hand.
engrave	o‘yib naqsh solmoq (metallga)	He engraves patterns on copper plates.
blade / handle	tig‘ / dasta	The knife has a bone handle.
skullcap	do‘ppi	A Chust skullcap is black with white patterns.
souvenir	esdalik sovg‘a	Pottery makes a great souvenir.
one-of-a-kind	yagona, takrorlanmas	Every plate is one-of-a-kind.
mass-produced	fabrikada ko‘plab ishlab chiqarilgan	Cheap copies are mass-produced.
heritage	meros	Crafts are part of our heritage.

an apprentice — keksa usta bilan birga kosa yasayotgan bola — **an apprentice**keksa usta bilan birga kosa yasayotgan bola

a potter — kulolchilik charxida ishlayotgan yigit — **a potter**kulolchilik charxida ishlayotgan yigit

a kiln — ichida kosalar turgan g‘ishtli xumdon — **a kiln**ichida kosalar turgan g‘ishtli xumdon

glaze powder — idishdagi ko‘k bo‘yoq kukuni va yog‘och cho‘mich — **glaze powder**idishdagi ko‘k bo‘yoq kukuni va yog‘och cho‘mich

blue glaze — ko‘k sir oqib tushgan sopol plitka — **blue glaze**ko‘k sir oqib tushgan sopol plitka

blue bowls — ko‘k-yashil naqshli kosalar — **blue bowls**ko‘k-yashil naqshli kosalar

a master craftsman — ko‘k naqshli likopchani ko‘rsatayotgan keksa usta — **a master craftsman**ko‘k naqshli likopchani ko‘rsatayotgan keksa usta

engraving — mis patnisga bolg‘acha bilan naqsh solayotgan usta — **engraving**mis patnisga bolg‘acha bilan naqsh solayotgan usta

Oltita hunarni sayyohga tushuntirish

Har bir hunarni uch qismda tushuntiring: nima u, qayerda mashhur, nimasi o‘ziga xos. Quyidagi ma’lumotlar umumiy tavsif; tafsilotlar (texnika, ranglar) usta va maktabga qarab farq qiladi. Aniq ma’lumotni ustaxonaning o‘zidan so‘rash eng yaxshi yo‘l.

Kulolchilik: Rishton va G‘ijduvon

Rishton is a town in the Fergana Valley known for its ceramics. Most Rishton plates and bowls are blue, green and white. Potters there traditionally use a glaze called “ishkor”, which is made with plant ash.

Gijduvan, near Bukhara, has a different style: the colours are usually warmer — brown, yellow and green.

O‘zbekcha izoh: Rishton kulolchiligi Farg‘ona vodiysida, ko‘k-yashil rangli ishqor sirlari bilan mashhur; G‘ijduvon (Buxoro viloyati) sopollari odatda iliqroq ranglarda.

Atlas va adras: Marg‘ilon

Atlas and adras are traditional Uzbek fabrics made with the ikat technique: the threads are tied and dyed before weaving, so the pattern looks slightly blurred. Atlas is usually pure silk; adras is silk mixed with cotton. Margilan is the most famous centre. In 2017 UNESCO added the Margilan Crafts Development Centre to its Register of Good Safeguarding Practices for keeping this tradition alive.

Ehtiyot bo‘ling: inglizcha atlas avvalo “xaritalar kitobi” degani. Chalkashlik bo‘lmasligi uchun atlas silk yoki Uzbek ikat silk deng. Tarixiy fon uchun Ipak yo‘li haqida inglizcha sahifasini ko‘ring.

ikat silk — tayoqqa osilgan qizil-sariq naqshli ipak — **ikat silk**tayoqqa osilgan qizil-sariq naqshli ipak

made of silk — ko‘k atlas matoni ushlab turgan qiz — **made of silk**ko‘k atlas matoni ushlab turgan qiz

an ikat pattern — zigzag naqshli rang-barang mato — **an ikat pattern**zigzag naqshli rang-barang mato

a skullcap — kaftlarda oq naqshli qora do‘ppi — **a skullcap**kaftlarda oq naqshli qora do‘ppi

a souvenir — naqshli yopinchiq yopilgan yog‘och tuya haykalchasi — **a souvenir**naqshli yopinchiq yopilgan yog‘och tuya haykalchasi

Is it handmade? — ko‘k naqshli kosani diqqat bilan ko‘zdan kechirayotgan qiz — **Is it handmade?**ko‘k naqshli kosani diqqat bilan ko‘zdan kechirayotgan qiz

So‘zana (suzani)

A suzani is a large hand-embroidered textile, often with big round flowers and vines. Traditionally, women and girls embroidered suzanis as part of a bride’s dowry. People hang them on walls or use them as bedspreads. Bukhara, Samarkand, Nurata and Shahrisabz each have their own style.

Xato qilmang: so‘zana gilam (carpet) emas, u embroidered textile — tikilgan mato.

Zardo‘zlik

Zardozi is gold embroidery: craftspeople sew gold-coloured thread onto velvet or silk. Bukhara is the best-known centre. You see it on robes (chapan), skullcaps, bags and cushions.

Chust pichog‘i

Chust is a town in the Namangan region, famous for its knives, called “pichoq”. A Chust knife usually has a curved blade and a decorated handle. Families often pass the craft from father to son.

Chet ellik mehmonga pichoq sovg‘a qilsangiz, uning mamlakatiga olib kirish qoidalarini oldindan tekshirishini ayting: ba’zi davlatlarda pichoqni qo‘l yukida olib o‘tish taqiqlangan. Aniq qoidani aviakompaniya va manzil davlatining bojxona sahifasidan bilish kerak.

Yog‘och o‘ymakorligi: Xiva

Khiva is known for woodcarving. The Juma Mosque in Itchan Kala has a hall full of carved wooden columns, and many old houses have carved doors. Carvers often use local woods such as elm, and the patterns are mostly plants and geometric shapes.

Kiyim sifatida ishlatiladigan hunar mahsulotlari (chapan, do‘ppi) haqida milliy kiyimlar inglizcha sahifasida batafsil.

Ustaxonada: dialog

Rishtondagi ustaxona. Sayyoh (T) va usta (M). Bu mashq uchun tuzilgan dialog.

T: Good morning! Is it OK to look around?

M: Of course. Welcome to our workshop. My family has made pottery here for five generations.

T: Wow. Is everything handmade?

M: Yes. We shape the clay on the wheel, dry it, paint it, and then fire it in the kiln.

T: How long does one plate take?

M: About two weeks from start to finish, because it has to dry slowly.

T: The blue is beautiful. What is the glaze made of?

M: We use a traditional glaze. The recipe is a family secret, but plant ash is one of the ingredients.

T: I’d love to buy this bowl. Is it one-of-a-kind?

M: Yes, every piece is painted by hand, so no two are exactly the same.

T: Great. Could you wrap it carefully? I’m flying tomorrow.

Narx kelishish iboralari bozorda savdolashish inglizcha sahifasida.

Hunar haqida gapirganda chalkashadigan joylar

Xato	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
It is handmade by hands.	It’s handmade.	handmade allaqachon “qo‘lda” degani.
Suzani is an Uzbek carpet.	Suzani is an embroidered textile.	Gilam — carpet, so‘zana — kashta.
He is a master. (yakka)	He’s a master potter / master craftsman.	Kasbini qo‘shing.
I bought ceramic.	I bought some ceramics / a ceramic bowl.	ceramic — sifat, ceramics — ot.
This is national Uzbek atlas.	This is traditional Uzbek atlas silk.	Hunar uchun traditional tabiiyroq.
Knife of Chust	a Chust knife	Joy nomi sifat o‘rnida oldinda.

Mashq: 10 savol

A. Bo‘sh joyni to‘ldiring: apprentice, kiln, glaze, loom, embroidered, handmade, workshop, souvenir

1. The pots are fired in a ___ at a very high temperature.
2. The shiny blue ___ is typical of Rishton.
3. A suzani is a hand-___ textile.
4. The weaver works at a wooden ___.
5. The boy is an ___; he is learning from his grandfather.
6. A small plate is a perfect ___ to take home.
7. Can we see the ___ where you make the knives?
8. Every piece here is ___, not mass-produced.

B. Xatoni tuzating.

9. I bought a knife of Chust for my father.
10. Suzani is a traditional Uzbek carpet.

Javoblar

1 — kiln; 2 — glaze; 3 — embroidered; 4 — loom; 5 — apprentice; 6 — souvenir; 7 — workshop; 8 — handmade; 9 — I bought a Chust knife for my father.; 10 — Suzani is a traditional Uzbek embroidered textile.

Hunar haqida hikoyangizni Bandi bilan mashq qilish

BandMate ilovasida Bandiga o‘z viloyatingizdagi bitta hunarni tushuntirib bering: nima u, qayerda mashhur, nimasi o‘ziga xos. Bandi aniqlashtiruvchi savol beradi (How long does it take to make?), siz esa shu sahifadagi so‘zlar bilan javob berasiz. Sayohat vaziyatlaridagi boshqa so‘zlar uchun travel vocabulary ni oching.

Manbalar

UNESCO: Margilan Crafts Development Centre, safeguarding of the atlas and adras making traditional technologies

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling