Hikoya ikki qatlamdan iborat: fon (o‘sha paytda davom etayotgan ish) va voqea (birdan bo‘lgan qisqa hodisa). Fon Past Continuous bilan aytiladi: was/were + fe’l-ing. Voqea esa 6-darsdan tanish Past Simple bilan: I was waiting for the bus when it started to rain. Shu bitta gap qolipi bilan istalgan kichik hikoyani boshlay olasiz.
12-darsda sayohat rejasini tuzdingiz. Endi sayohatdan qaytdingiz va yo‘lda nima bo‘lganini aytib berasiz.
Bu darsda nimani o‘rganasiz
- hikoya uchun 13 ta ibora va 7 ta bog‘lovchi so‘z;
- Past Continuous: darak, inkor, so‘roq va qisqa javob;
- when va while: qaysi biri qaysi zamon oldida keladi;
- hikoyani to‘rt qismga bo‘lish: kirish, fon, voqea, yakun;
- tinglovchi sifatida qiziqish bildirish: Oh no! What happened next?
Taxminiy vaqt: 50 daqiqa. Namunaviy hikoyani kamida ikki marta ovoz chiqarib o‘qing, keyin o‘zingiznikini ayting.
Yangi so‘zlar
| So‘z yoki ibora | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| walk to the metro | metroga piyoda bormoq | I was walking to the metro at eight. |
| pour with rain | jala quymoq | It was pouring with rain all evening. |
| snow | qor yog‘moq | It was snowing when we left the house. |
| miss the train | poyezdga ulgurmay qolmoq | We missed the train by two minutes. |
| get lost – got lost | adashib qolmoq | We got lost in the old city of Bukhara. |
| lose – lost | yo‘qotmoq | I lost my wallet on the bus. |
| find – found | topmoq | A taxi driver found my bag. |
| drop – dropped | tushirib yubormoq | She dropped her keys in the snow. |
| knock on the door | eshikni taqillatmoq | Someone knocked on the door at midnight. |
| ring – rang | jiringlamoq | The phone rang while I was cooking. |
| lost property office | yo‘qolgan buyumlar xonasi | I asked at the lost property office. |
| worried | xavotirda | My mother was very worried. |
| embarrassed | xijolat, uyalgan | I felt so embarrassed! |
| one day / last winter | bir kuni / o‘tgan qish | One day last winter, I was in Chilonzor. |
| while | …ayotganda | While I was reading, the train stopped. |
| when | …ganda | I was reading when the train stopped. |
| suddenly | birdan | Suddenly, the lights went out. |
| then / after that | keyin / shundan so‘ng | Then I called my sister. |
| luckily / unfortunately | baxtimga / afsuski | Luckily, a woman helped me. |
| in the end | oxir-oqibat, oxirida | In the end, I got home at ten. |
Grammatika
Past Continuous: yasalishi
| Gap turi | Formula | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | I/he/she/it was + -ing; you/we/they were + -ing | I was sleeping. They were playing football. |
| Inkor | wasn’t / weren’t + -ing | She wasn’t listening. We weren’t working. |
| So‘roq | Was/Were + ega + -ing? | Were you waiting long? |
| Javob | Yes, I was. / No, they weren’t. | — Was it raining? — Yes, it was. |
-ing qo‘shganda imlo o‘zgaradi: write → writing (oxirgi e tushadi), sit → sitting, run → running (undosh ikkilanadi), study → studying (y qoladi). Past Continuous’ning barcha qoidalari va 20 ta misol Past Continuous qoidasi sahifasida.
Bu zamon o‘zbekchadagi -ayotgan edi shakliga juda yaqin: kutayotgan edim = I was waiting. Shu o‘xshashlik sizga yordam beradi.
Fon va voqea: ikki zamon bitta gapda
Hikoyani kino deb tasavvur qiling. Kadrning orqasida uzoq davom etayotgan ish bor: yomg‘ir yog‘yapti, siz avtobus kutyapsiz. Bu fon, Past Continuous. Keyin kadrga qisqa voqea kiradi: telefon jiringladi, kimdir eshikni taqillatdi. Bu Past Simple.
- I was waiting for the bus when my phone rang.
- While we were having dinner, the lights went out.
- When I opened the door, my neighbour was standing there with a plate of somsa.
Qoida oddiy: while faqat davomli ish oldida keladi. When qisqa voqea oldida ham, davomli ish oldida ham kelishi mumkin, lekin qisqa voqea oldida faqat when ishlatiladi. Gap when yoki while bilan boshlansa, o‘rtaga vergul qo‘yiladi.
Ikki uzoq ish bir vaqtda bo‘lsa, ikkalasi ham Past Continuous: While I was cooking, my brother was watching TV. Qisqa voqealar ketma-ket bo‘lsa, hammasi Past Simple: I heard a knock, opened the door and saw my uncle. Ikkala zamonning to‘liq taqqoslanishi Past Simple va Past Continuous farqi sahifasida.
“-ayotgan edim” dan chiqadigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| I was wait for the bus. | I was waiting for the bus. |
| They was sleeping. | They were sleeping. |
| While the phone rang, I was cooking. | When the phone rang, I was cooking. |
| I was walking when I was seeing an accident. | I was walking when I saw an accident. |
| I was knowing the answer. | I knew the answer. |
Oxirgi qatorga e’tibor bering: know, like, want, need kabi holat fe’llari odatda -ing olmaydi. O‘zbekchada “bilayotgan edim” deyilmagani kabi, inglizchada ham I was knowing demaymiz.
Hikoyaning to‘rt qismi
- Kirish: qachon va qayerda. One evening last winter, I was on the metro.
- Fon: Past Continuous bilan manzara. It was snowing, and the train was very busy.
- Voqea: when yoki suddenly + Past Simple. Suddenly, I noticed my pocket was empty.
- Yakun: nima bo‘ldi va nimani his qildingiz. In the end, I got my phone back. I was so happy.
6-darsda first, then, after that bilan kecha nima qilganingizni aytgan edingiz. Endi shu ro‘yxatga fon qo‘shiladi va gap hikoyaga aylanadi.
Namunaviy hikoya: metrodagi telefon
One evening last winter, I was going home from work. It was snowing, and the metro was very busy. I was standing near the door and I was reading the news on my phone. At Mustaqillik Maydoni a lot of people got on, so I put my phone in my coat pocket.
When I got off at Chilonzor, I checked my pocket. It was empty! I felt terrible. I was walking back to the platform when a young man ran up to me. “Is this your phone?” he asked. It fell on the floor in the train, and he picked it up.
I thanked him again and again. In the end, I got home late, but I was very happy.
Fe’llarni ajratib ko‘ring: was going, was snowing, was standing, was reading, was walking fonni chizadi. got on, put, got off, checked, ran up, asked, fell, picked up esa voqealarni birin-ketin aytadi.
Dialog
Jasur va Kamola universitet oshxonasida. 12-darsdagi dialogda Kamola dugonasi Sevara bilan Samarqandga poyezd chiptasi olgan edi. Sayohat qanday o‘tdi?
Jasur: Hi Kamola! How was your trip to Samarkand?
Kamola: Well… it didn’t start very well. I missed my train!
Jasur: Oh no! What happened?
Kamola: Sevara was already at the station, and I was going there by taxi. It was pouring with rain and the roads were very busy.
Jasur: So the taxi was slow?
Kamola: Very slow. While we were standing in traffic, I was checking the time every minute. When I finally got to the station, the train was leaving. Poor Sevara was standing on the platform with our tickets!
Jasur: That’s terrible. What did you do?
Kamola: We went to the ticket office. Luckily, there was another train in the afternoon, so we changed our tickets.
Jasur: Lucky you! What were you doing for three hours?
Kamola: We were sitting in a café near the station. I was reading my English book, and Sevara was sleeping! Then we met an old classmate there.
Jasur: Really? And then?
Kamola: We had tea and talked for two hours. In the end, it was a great day.
Jasurning gaplariga qarang: Oh no! What happened? Really? And then? Lucky you! Bular tinglovchining iboralari. Hikoya faqat aytuvchining ishi emas: savol va qisqa reaksiya suhbatni tirik qiladi.
Gapirish vazifasi
1-qadam: xotira tanlang (2 daqiqa). Kichik voqea bo‘lsa yetarli: nimanidir yo‘qotdingiz, adashib qoldingiz, avtobusga ulgurmadingiz yoki kutilmagan odamni uchratdingiz.
2-qadam: to‘rt qism uchun kalit so‘zlar (3 daqiqa). Har qismga 2–3 so‘z yozing, to‘liq gap emas: kirish: last summer, Chorsu; fon: hot, buying fruit; voqea: dropped wallet; yakun: a boy, found it.
3-qadam: bir daqiqa gapiring (5 daqiqa). Kalit so‘zlarga qarab hikoyani ovoz chiqarib ayting va yozib oling. Tinglab, ikki narsani tekshiring: was va were to‘g‘ri tanlanganmi, qisqa voqealar Past Simple’dami. Ikkinchi urinishda kamida uchta bog‘lovchi qo‘shing. Rasm va xotiradan yana 10 ta topshiriq hikoya aytish mashqlari sahifasida.
Mashq
A. Past Continuous yoki Past Simple?
1. I ___ (sleep) when you ___ (call).
2. While Dilnoza ___ (cook) plov, her guests ___ (arrive).
3. It ___ (snow) when we ___ (leave) the cinema.
4. What ___ you ___ (do) at nine o’clock last night?
5. The children ___ (not / watch) TV; they ___ (play) outside.
6. We ___ (walk) in the park when we ___ (see) our teacher.
B. Xatoni toping va to‘g‘rilang.
7. I was walk to school when I saw an accident.
8. While the teacher came in, we were talking.
9. My parents was working in the garden.
10. I was driving when I was hearing a strange noise.
C. Bog‘lovchini qo‘ying: suddenly, luckily, then, in the end.
11. I was walking home late. ___, a big dog ran out of a gate.
12. I was scared, but ___ its owner called it back.
13. The owner said sorry. ___ he walked with me to the corner.
14. ___, I got home safely and laughed about it with my sister.
Javoblar
1. was sleeping, called. 2. was cooking, arrived. 3. was snowing, left. 4. were … doing. 5. weren’t watching, were playing. 6. were walking, saw.
7. I was walking to school — was dan keyin -ing shart. 8. When the teacher came in, we were talking — qisqa voqea oldida while emas, when. 9. My parents were working — ko‘plikda were. 10. I was driving when I heard a strange noise — eshitish qisqa voqea, Past Simple.
11. Suddenly. 12. luckily. 13. Then. 14. In the end.
A qismida adashgan bo‘lsangiz, o‘zingizga savol bering: “Bu ish qancha davom etdi?” Uzoq davom etgan bo‘lsa, was/were + -ing; bir lahzada bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, Past Simple.
Keyingi qadam
Bugun oila a’zongizga yoki do‘stingizga bitta haqiqiy voqeani inglizcha aytib bering, I was … when … gapi bilan boshlang. Tinglovchi And then? deb so‘rasa, hikoyangiz ishlayapti.
BandMate ilovasida Bandi’ga hikoyangizni ovoz bilan aytib berishingiz mumkin: u What were you doing when…? kabi qo‘shimcha savollar beradi va was/were hamda zamon tanlovi bo‘yicha izoh qoldiradi. Bu izoh mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
Oldingi dars: 12-dars — sayohat. Keyingi dars: 14-dars — fikr bildirish, unda I think, I agree va because bilan o‘z fikringizni asoslashni o‘rganasiz.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
