Bu darsda do‘kon va bozorda kerak bo‘ladigan inglizcha jumlalarni o‘rganasiz: Can I have a kilo of carrots, please? How much is it? Do you have any fresh bread? Qoida qisqa: sanaladigan narsalar ko‘plikda keladi (two eggs), sanalmaydiganlar ko‘plik olmaydi (rice, milk, bread). Darak gapda some, inkor va so‘roqda any ishlatiladi.
3-darsda kuningizni aytishni o‘rgandingiz: I have breakfast at seven. Endi nonushtada nima yeyishingizni va uni qayerdan olishingizni ayta olasiz.
Bu darsda nimani o‘rganasiz
- ovqat, ichimlik va xarid bo‘yicha 20 ta so‘z;
- sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar: an egg / some rice;
- some va any qaysi gapda ishlatilishi;
- How much…? va How many…? farqi, narx so‘rash;
- bozor yoki do‘konda xushmuomala so‘rash: Can I have…, please?
Taxminiy vaqt: 45 daqiqa. So‘zlarni oshxonangizdagi haqiqiy narsalarga qarab takrorlasangiz, tezroq esda qoladi.
Yangi so‘zlar
Jadvalda (S) sanaladigan, (N) sanalmaydigan ot degani. Bu belgi keyingi grammatika bo‘limi uchun juda muhim.
| So‘z | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| bread (N) | non | We buy bread every morning. |
| egg (S) | tuxum | I need six eggs. |
| rice (N) | guruch | Plov needs a lot of rice. |
| meat (N) | go‘sht | This meat is very fresh. |
| milk (N) | sut | Is there any milk in the fridge? |
| carrot (S) | sabzi | Yellow carrots are good for plov. |
| onion (S) | piyoz | Can I have three onions? |
| oil (N) | yog‘ | We need some oil. |
| salt (N) | tuz | Don’t add too much salt. |
| fruit (N) | meva | My children eat fruit every day. |
| vegetables (S) | sabzavotlar | The vegetables are cheap in autumn. |
| tea (N) | choy | Would you like some tea? |
| a kilo of | bir kilo | a kilo of tomatoes |
| a bottle of | bir shisha | a bottle of water |
| a packet of | bir paket, bir quti | a packet of tea |
| cheap | arzon | Onions are cheap today. |
| expensive | qimmat | Meat is expensive this week. |
| How much…? | Qancha? Necha pul? | How much is the melon? |
| bazaar | bozor | We go to the bazaar on Sunday. |
| supermarket | supermarket | The supermarket is open until 11 p.m. |
Grammatika
Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar
O‘zbekchada "ikkita non" deymiz, inglizchada bread sanalmaydi. Shuning uchun two breads emas, two loaves of bread yoki oddiygina some bread deyiladi. Xuddi shunday money, water, rice, sugar, information ham ko‘plik olmaydi.
| Sanaladigan (egg, apple, onion) | Sanalmaydigan (rice, milk, bread) | |
|---|---|---|
| Birlik | an egg, a carrot | rice (a/an yo‘q) |
| Ko‘plik | three eggs, carrots | ko‘plik shakli yo‘q (rices deyilmaydi) |
| Miqdor | How many eggs? | How much rice? |
| Idish bilan | — | a kilo of rice, a bottle of milk |
Batafsil ro‘yxat va chalkash so‘zlar (fruit, hair, news) sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar sahifasida.
Some va any
| Gap turi | So‘z | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Darak | some | We have some onions. |
| Inkor | any | We don’t have any milk. |
| So‘roq | any | Do you have any fresh bread? |
| Taklif va iltimos | some | Would you like some tea? / Can I have some water? |
Oxirgi qatorga e’tibor bering: mehmonga choy taklif qilganda yoki narsa so‘raganda so‘roq gap bo‘lsa ham some ishlatiladi, chunki "ha" javobini kutamiz. No bilan bog‘liq shakllar (There’s no milk) haqida some, any, no qoidasi sahifasida o‘qing.
Narx so‘rash
- How much is this melon? — bitta narsa yoki sanalmaydigan ot.
- How much are these apples? — ko‘plikdagi narsa.
- How much is a kilo of carrots? — kilosi necha pul?
- Javob: It’s fifteen thousand soum. / They’re twenty thousand a kilo.
Katta sonlarni aytish: 5 000 — five thousand, 12 500 — twelve thousand five hundred, 150 000 — a hundred and fifty thousand. Thousand so‘ziga -s qo‘shilmaydi: twenty thousand (twenty thousands emas).
Odatiy xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Give me bread. | Can I have some bread, please? |
| I want buy a rice. | I’d like to buy some rice. |
| How many is it? | How much is it? |
| A kilo tomatoes. | A kilo of tomatoes. |
| We don’t have some eggs. | We don’t have any eggs. |
"Bering" so‘zini to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri Give me deb tarjima qilish inglizcha qo‘pol eshitiladi. Sotuvchiga Can I have…, please? yoki I’d like… deng.
Dialog
Nodira ertaga mehmon kutyapti va osh qilmoqchi. U bozorda sabzavot sotuvchisi bilan gaplashyapti. (Narxlar misol uchun berilgan.)
Sotuvchi: Good morning! What would you like?
Nodira: Good morning. I’d like some carrots for plov. Do you have any yellow carrots?
Sotuvchi: Yes, we do. They’re very good today.
Nodira: How much are they?
Sotuvchi: Eight thousand soum a kilo.
Nodira: OK. Can I have three kilos, please?
Sotuvchi: Sure. Anything else?
Nodira: Yes, a kilo of onions. And do you have any garlic?
Sotuvchi: Sorry, we don’t have any garlic today. Try the next stall.
Nodira: No problem. How much is that altogether?
Sotuvchi: Thirty-two thousand, please.
Nodira: Here you are. Thank you!
Sotuvchi: Thank you. Enjoy your plov!
Dialogdagi some va any so‘zlarini topib, har birining yoniga gap turini yozing: darak, inkor yoki so‘roq. Keyin sotuvchining narxlarini o‘zgartirib, dialogni yana bir marta o‘qing. Supermarket kassasi, dorixona va kafe uchun boshqa tayyor dialoglar do‘konda inglizcha dialog sahifasida.
Gapirish vazifasi
1-qadam. Osh yoki boshqa sevimli taomingiz uchun xarid ro‘yxatini inglizcha yozing. Har bir mahsulot bilan miqdor bo‘lsin: two kilos of rice, a bottle of oil, some carrots, six eggs.
2-qadam. Ro‘yxatdagi narsalar haqida uyda nima bor, nima yo‘qligini ayting: We have some rice. We don’t have any onions. We need a bottle of oil.
3-qadam. Sotuvchi va xaridor rolini ikkalasini ham o‘zingiz o‘ynang yoki do‘stingiz bilan bajaring. Kamida uchta narsani so‘rang, narxini bilib oling va jami summani so‘rang (How much is that altogether?). Suhbatni telefonga yozib oling va a kilo of hamda How much are…? shakllarini tekshiring.
Mashq
A. Some yoki any qo‘ying.
1. We need ___ bread for breakfast.
2. Is there ___ sugar in the kitchen?
3. I don’t have ___ money with me.
4. Would you like ___ juice?
5. They don’t sell ___ fish here.
B. How much yoki How many?
6. ___ eggs do you need?
7. ___ is this watermelon?
8. ___ rice do we have?
C. Xatoni tuzating.
9. Can I have two breads, please?
10. How much is these tomatoes?
11. I’d like a kilo potatoes.
12. She buys an milk every day.
Javoblar
1. some. 2. any. 3. any. 4. some (taklif). 5. any.
6. How many (eggs — sanaladigan). 7. How much (narx). 8. How much (rice — sanalmaydigan).
9. Can I have two loaves of bread, please? yoki Can I have some bread, please? 10. How much are these tomatoes? 11. I’d like a kilo of potatoes. 12. She buys milk every day (yoki a bottle of milk).
Agar A qismda xato qilgan bo‘lsangiz, jadvaldagi "Taklif va iltimos" qatorini qayta o‘qing. Bu eng ko‘p chalkashtiriladigan joy.
Keyingi qadam
Keyingi safar do‘konga borganingizda, xarid qilayotgan har bir narsani ichingizda inglizcha ayting: a packet of tea, a bottle of water, some bread. Bir hafta shunday qilsangiz, bu darsdagi so‘zlar o‘z-o‘zidan esda qoladi.
BandMate ilovasida Bandi sotuvchi rolini o‘ynaydi: siz narx so‘raysiz, miqdor aytasiz, u esa savol bilan davom ettiradi. Gapingizdan keyin some/any va talaffuz bo‘yicha qisqa izoh olasiz.
Oldingi dars: 3-dars — kun tartibi va Present Simple. Keyingi dars: 5-dars — shahar va yo‘l so‘rash, unda there is / there are va yo‘nalish iboralarini o‘rganasiz.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
