Majhul nisbat ingliz tilida: 40 ta misol, sarlavha va retsept

Majhul nisbat (passive voice) ingliz tilida be + V3 bilan yasaladi: The bread is baked in a tandir — Non tandirda yopiladi. Zamonni be ko‘taradi (is, was, has been, will be), asosiy fe’l esa doim uchinchi shaklda qoladi. O‘zbekchadagi -il, -in qo‘shimchasi (yopiladi, qurildi, sotilgan) inglizchada deyarli doim shu qolipga to‘g‘ri keladi.

Bu sahifa misollar to‘plami. Qoidaning o‘zi, qachon by qo‘yilishi va tipik xatolar passive voice o‘zbekcha sahifasida. Bu yerda esa 9 ta shaklning har birida 3 tadan gap, yangilik sarlavhalari, passive’da yozilgan osh retsepti va o‘girish mashqi bor. Jami 40 ta misol, hammasi tarjimasi bilan.

Formulani bir qarashda eslab oling

Har zamonda 3 ta misol (1–27)

Present Simple: odat, fakt, qoida

• 1. Bread is baked in a tandir. — Non tandirda yopiladi.
• 2. English is spoken in many countries. — Ingliz tilida ko‘p mamlakatlarda gapiriladi.
• 3. The streets are cleaned every night. — Ko‘chalar har kecha tozalanadi.

Present Continuous: ayni paytda bo‘layotgan jarayon

• 4. The road is being repaired, so take another street. — Yo‘l ta’mirlanyapti, boshqa ko‘chadan yuring.
• 5. A new school is being built in our mahalla. — Mahallamizda yangi maktab qurilyapti.
• 6. Your order is being prepared. — Buyurtmangiz tayyorlanyapti.

Past Simple: o‘tmishda tugagan harakat

• 7. This madrasa was built in the fifteenth century. — Bu madrasa XV asrda qurilgan.
• 8. My bike was stolen last night. — Kecha kechasi velosipedim o‘g‘irlandi.
• 9. We were invited to a wedding in Namangan. — Bizni Namangandagi to‘yga taklif qilishdi.

Past Continuous: o‘tmishdagi jarayon

• 10. The flat was being cleaned when we arrived. — Biz kelganimizda kvartira tozalanayotgan edi.
• 11. The patient was being examined, so we waited outside. — Bemor ko‘rikdan o‘tayotgan edi, shuning uchun tashqarida kutdik.
• 12. I felt that I was being watched. — Meni kimdir kuzatayotgandek tuyuldi.

Present Perfect: natija hozir muhim

• 13. The results have been published on the website. — Natijalar saytda e’lon qilindi.
• 14. Your application has been received. — Arizangiz qabul qilindi.
• 15. All the tickets have been sold. — Hamma chiptalar sotilib bo‘ldi.

Past Perfect: o‘tmishdagi boshqa voqeadan oldin

• 16. When we got to the station, the train had been cancelled. — Vokzalga yetib kelganimizda poyezd bekor qilingan edi.
• 17. The room had been booked before we called. — Biz qo‘ng‘iroq qilishimizdan oldin xona band qilingan edi.
• 18. He said the documents had been sent. — U hujjatlar yuborilganini aytdi.

Future Simple (will): rasmiy e’lon va va’da

• 19. The winners will be announced on Friday. — G‘oliblar juma kuni e’lon qilinadi.
• 20. You will be contacted by email. — Siz bilan email orqali bog‘lanishadi.
• 21. The meeting will be held online. — Yig‘ilish onlayn o‘tkaziladi.

be going to: reja yoki qaror

• 22. The old bridge is going to be replaced. — Eski ko‘prik almashtiriladi.
• 23. The old cinema is going to be turned into a café. — Eski kinoteatr kafega aylantiriladi.
• 24. Is the match going to be shown on TV? — O‘yin televizorda ko‘rsatiladimi?

Modal fe’llar: majburiyat, imkoniyat, maslahat

• 25. Phones must be switched off during the exam. — Imtihon paytida telefonlar o‘chirilishi shart.
• 26. This form can be filled in online. — Bu anketani onlayn to‘ldirish mumkin.
• 27. The medicine should be kept in a cool place. — Dori salqin joyda saqlanishi kerak.

Diqqat qiling: 9, 20 va 26-gaplarni o‘zbekchaga ko‘pincha majhul emas, “ular” shakli bilan o‘giramiz (taklif qilishdi, bog‘lanishadi) yoki mumkin bilan. Inglizchadan o‘zbekchaga so‘zma-so‘z emas, tabiiy o‘giring.

Yangilik sarlavhalari: qisqargan passive (28–33)

Inglizcha sarlavhalarda joy tejaladi, shuning uchun be tushib qoladi va faqat V3 qoladi. to be + V3 esa kelajakni bildiradi. Quyidagi sarlavhalar mashq uchun tuzilgan namunalar, haqiqiy yangilik emas.

Sarlavhaning boshqa qoidalari (artikl tushishi, hozirgi zamon o‘tgan voqea uchun) yangiliklar so‘zlari sahifasida.

Osh retsepti passive’da (34–40)

Retsept odatda buyruq gap bilan yoziladi: Cut the onions. Taom qanday tayyorlanishini tasvirlab berganda esa passive tabiiyroq, chunki kim pishirgani emas, jarayon muhim. IELTS Writing’dagi jarayon diagrammasi ham xuddi shunday yoziladi.

• 34. First, the onions are cut into rings. — Avval piyoz halqa qilib to‘g‘raladi.
• 35. The meat is fried in hot oil until it is brown. — Go‘sht qizib turgan yog‘da qizarguncha qovuriladi.
• 36. Then the carrots are added and fried for a few minutes. — Keyin sabzi solinadi va bir necha daqiqa qovuriladi.
• 37. Meanwhile, the rice is washed several times. — Bu orada guruch bir necha marta yuviladi.
• 38. Hot water is poured in, and salt and cumin are added. — Issiq suv quyiladi, tuz va zira solinadi.
• 39. The kazan is covered with a lid, and the plov is cooked on low heat. — Qozon qopqoq bilan yopiladi va osh past olovda dimlanadi.
• 40. Finally, the plov is served on a large plate. — Oxirida osh katta laganga suziladi.

Osh retseptining buyruq gapdagi varianti va 40 ta oshxona fe’li ovqat pishirish fe’llari sahifasida. Ikkisini yonma-yon qo‘yib o‘qisangiz, active va passive farqi darrov ko‘rinadi.

V3 shaklida adashmaslik uchun

Passive’ning yarmi to‘g‘ri V3 ga bog‘liq. Yuqoridagi 40 ta gapda uchragan noto‘g‘ri fe’llar: speak → spoken, build → built, steal → stolen, send → sent, hold → held, show → shown, keep → kept. Qolganlari -ed bilan: baked, cleaned, announced. 100 ta ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’lning uchala shakli fe’llar jadvali sahifasida.

Mashq: active ↔ passive

A. Passive’ga o‘giring. Bajaruvchi muhim bo‘lmasa, by ni tushirib qoldiring.

• 1. They sell fresh bread here every morning.
• 2. Someone is cleaning the classroom.
• 3. They cancelled the concert because of the rain.
• 4. The company has hired three new drivers.
• 5. They will open the new metro station next year.
• 6. You must pay the fee before the exam.

B. Active’ga o‘giring. Bajaruvchi qavs ichida berilgan.

• 7. The letter was written by my grandfather.
• 8. The windows are being washed. (the workers)
• 9. The project has been finished. (our team)
• 10. The guests will be met at the airport. (my brother)

Javoblar

• 1. Fresh bread is sold here every morning.
• 2. The classroom is being cleaned.
• 3. The concert was cancelled because of the rain.
• 4. Three new drivers have been hired.
• 5. The new metro station will be opened next year.
• 6. The fee must be paid before the exam.
• 7. My grandfather wrote the letter.
• 8. The workers are washing the windows.
• 9. Our team has finished the project.
• 10. My brother will meet the guests at the airport.

Har bir javobda be ning zamoni asl gapdagi fe’l zamoni bilan bir xil ekanini tekshiring: sell → is sold, cancelled → was cancelled, has hired → have been hired. Ko‘proq gap kerak bo‘lsa, passive voice mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting.

Jarayonni gapirib berish: Bandi bilan passive mashqi

Passive yozuvda ko‘p uchraydi, lekin og‘zaki nutqda ham kerak: taom qanday tayyorlanishini, shahringizda nima qurilayotganini yoki hujjat qanday rasmiylashtirilishini tushuntirganda. BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan sevimli taomingiz qanday tayyorlanishini aytib bering va har bir bosqichni is cut, is added, is cooked qolipida ifodalashga harakat qiling. IELTS Speaking mock mashqida ham shu mavzu (masalan, milliy taom yoki shahringizdagi o‘zgarishlar) passive ishlatishga yaxshi imkon beradi.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling