Katta son ingliz tilida uch xonali guruhlar bilan o‘qiladi: har bir guruhni 999 gacha bo‘lgan son sifatida aytib, keyin nomini qo‘shasiz. 3,450,000 = three million, four hundred and fifty thousand. Uchta qoida yetarli: songa qo‘shilgan hundred, thousand, million ko‘plik -s olmaydi (five million, five millions emas); Britaniyada yuzlikdan keyin and keladi (two hundred and ten); ingliz tilida mingliklar vergul bilan, o‘nli kasr nuqta bilan ajratiladi (1,000.50). O‘zbekcha “milliard” inglizcha billion.
Xonalar nomi
| Raqam | Inglizcha | Talaffuz | O‘zbekcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | a / one hundred | /ˈhʌndrəd/, “handred” | yuz |
| 1,000 | a / one thousand | /ˈθaʊznd/, “θauzend” | ming |
| 10,000 | ten thousand | o‘n ming | |
| 100,000 | a / one hundred thousand | yuz ming | |
| 1,000,000 | a / one million | /ˈmɪljən/, “milyen” | million |
| 10,000,000 | ten million | o‘n million | |
| 100,000,000 | a / one hundred million | yuz million | |
| 1,000,000,000 | a / one billion | /ˈbɪljən/, “bilyen” | milliard |
| 1,000,000,000,000 | a / one trillion | /ˈtrɪljən/ | trillion |
Thousand so‘zi /θ/ bilan boshlanadi: til uchi tishlar orasida. “Tauzand” yoki “sauzand” desangiz, suhbatdosh tushunadi, lekin bu o‘zbek o‘quvchilarida eng ko‘p eshitiladigan talaffuz xatosi. Million va billion oxiri “-ion” emas, qisqa “-yen”.
Eski britancha kitoblarda billion 10¹² ma’nosida kelishi mumkin, lekin bugun Britaniyada ham, Amerikada ham billion = 1,000,000,000. Milliard so‘zini ingliz tilida ishlatmang.
Uch qadamda o‘qish
- 1-qadam. O‘ngdan boshlab uchtadan ajrating: 7305410 → 7,305,410.
- 2-qadam. Har bir guruhni oddiy son kabi o‘qing va guruh nomini qo‘shing: seven million | three hundred and five thousand | four hundred and ten.
- 3-qadam. Guruhda yuzlikdan keyin o‘nlik yoki birlik bo‘lsa, oldiga and qo‘ying (britancha). Guruh nol bilan tugasa, nomini aytmaysiz: 5,000,300 = five million, three hundred.
| Son | O‘qilishi (britancha) |
|---|---|
| 105 | one hundred and five |
| 1,250 | one thousand, two hundred and fifty |
| 3,008 | three thousand and eight |
| 12,500 | twelve thousand, five hundred |
| 40,090 | forty thousand and ninety |
| 125,000 | a hundred and twenty-five thousand |
| 1,000,001 | one million and one |
| 1,250,000 | one million, two hundred and fifty thousand |
| 7,305,410 | seven million, three hundred and five thousand, four hundred and ten |
| 2,500,000,000 | two billion, five hundred million (two and a half billion) |
Oxirgi guruh 100 dan kichik bo‘lsa, and shu guruh oldiga keladi: three thousand and eight, one million and one. Amerikaliklar odatda andni tushirib qoldiradi: one hundred five, three thousand eight. Ikkala usul ham to‘g‘ri, bitta nutqda bittasini tanlang.
Five million, lekin millions of
| Holat | Qoida | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| Aniq son | -s yo‘q | five million people, two thousand som |
| Noaniq ko‘p miqdor | -s va of | millions of people, thousands of tourists |
| Juda ko‘p (emotsional) | hundreds of, thousands of | I’ve told you hundreds of times! |
Three thousands dollars xato, three thousand dollars to‘g‘ri. Son sifatdek ishlaganda ham ko‘plik yo‘q: a five-million-som phone (defis bilan). Oddiy sonlardagi ko‘plik va sanaladigan otlar birlik va ko‘plik sahifasida.
Og‘zaki shakl: 1,100 dan 1,999 gacha bo‘lgan sonlar, ayniqsa narxda, yuzliklar bilan ham aytiladi: 1,500 dollars = fifteen hundred dollars. Bu Amerikada juda keng tarqalgan.
Vergul va nuqta: o‘zbekcha va inglizcha yozuv
| O‘zbekcha | Inglizcha | O‘qilishi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minglik ajratgich | 1 250 000 | 1,250,000 | one million, two hundred and fifty thousand |
| O‘nli kasr | 12,5 | 12.5 | twelve point five |
| Pul | 1 250,50 | 1,250.50 | one thousand, two hundred and fifty (dollars) fifty (cents) |
| Kichik kasr | 0,75 | 0.75 | (zero / nought) point seven five |
O‘zbekcha hujjatda vergul kasrni ajratadi, inglizchada esa minglikni. Shuning uchun inglizcha rezyume yoki hisobotda 12,5 % deb yozsangiz, o‘quvchi “o‘n ikki ming besh yuz”ni o‘ylashi mumkin. Nuqtadan keyingi raqamlar alohida o‘qiladi: 3.14 = three point one four (three point fourteen emas). Foiz va kasrlar kasr va foizlarni o‘qish sahifasida.
Narxlar: misollar
Quyidagi narxlar mashq uchun o‘ylab topilgan, haqiqiy bozor narxi emas.
- A new laptop costs 8,990,000 som. — eight million, nine hundred and ninety thousand som.
- The rent is $450 a month. — four hundred and fifty dollars a month.
- My salary is 7.5 million som. — seven and a half million som (yoki seven point five million).
- They sold the car for $12,300. — twelve thousand, three hundred dollars.
- The flat costs 950 million som. — nine hundred and fifty million som.
So‘m inglizcha matnda som (ko‘pligi ham som) yoki xalqaro kod bilan UZS: UZS 450,000. Qisqartmalar: k — ming (a $5k budget), m yoki mln — million, bn — milliard: 1.5m “one point five million” deb o‘qiladi. Og‘zaki britancha va amerikacha a grand = 1,000 funt yoki dollar. Pul va bank bilan bog‘liq boshqa so‘zlar pul va bank so‘zlari sahifasida.
Aholi soni va statistika
Statistikada son ko‘pincha yaxlitlanadi, shuning uchun yonida “taxminan” ma’nosidagi so‘z keladi.
| Ibora | Ma’nosi | Misol |
|---|---|---|
| about / around | taxminan | The city has about two million people. |
| over / more than | …dan ortiq | The population of Uzbekistan is over 37 million. |
| nearly / almost | qariyb | Nearly half a million people visited the festival. |
| just under | …dan sal kam | The project cost just under a billion som. |
| roughly | chamasi | Roughly 30% of the students are from the regions. |
Oxirgi rasmiy aholi soni O‘zbekiston statistika agentligi saytida e’lon qilinadi, u yerdagi raqamni tekshirib ishlating. Dunyo aholisi BMT ma’lumotiga ko‘ra 2022-yilda 8 milliarddan oshgan: The world population passed eight billion in 2022.
Yil va son farqi: 2026 yil sifatida twenty twenty-six, miqdor sifatida two thousand and twenty-six: There were two thousand and twenty-six participants.
Dialog: bozorda telefon narxi
Narxlar misol uchun olingan.
Sotuvchi: This one is three million, four hundred and fifty thousand.
Tom: Sorry, was that three million four hundred, or three million forty?
Siz: Four hundred and fifty. Three point four five million.
Tom: That’s a bit much. Can he do three million?
Siz: He says three million two hundred is his best price.
Tom: How about three million one hundred, and I pay in cash?
Sotuvchi: OK, three point one. Deal.
Tom: Great. So I need thirty-one notes of a hundred thousand?
Siz: Exactly. There’s an ATM near the entrance.
Savdolashishning to‘liq iboralari bozorda savdolashish sahifasida.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| five millions som | five million som |
| one milliard | one billion |
| 1.000.000 yoki 1 000 000 (inglizcha matnda) | 1,000,000 |
| 12,5 kg (inglizcha matnda) | 12.5 kg |
| Hundred people came. | A hundred people came. / One hundred people came. |
| three point fourteen (3.14) | three point one four |
| two thousand and three hundred | two thousand, three hundred |
| thousand “tauzand” | /ˈθaʊznd/, til uchi tishlar orasida |
Fifteen va fifty ga o‘xshash urg‘u farqi katta sonlarda ham muhim: thirteen thousand (13,000) va thirty thousand (30,000) ni aralashtirish narxda qimmatga tushadi. Bu tovushlar raqamlar talaffuzi: teen va ty sahifasida mashq qilinadi.
Mashq
A. So‘z bilan yozing (britancha).
- 1. 708
- 2. 4,020
- 3. 65,300
- 4. 2,400,000
- 5. 13,000,015
B. Raqam bilan yozing.
- 6. nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand
- 7. three and a half million
- 8. twenty point seven five
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 9. The car costs twenty thousands dollars.
- 10. Our city has over one milliard trees. (to‘g‘ri so‘z bilan)
Javoblar
1 — seven hundred and eight; 2 — four thousand and twenty; 3 — sixty-five thousand, three hundred; 4 — two million, four hundred thousand; 5 — thirteen million and fifteen; 6 — 999,000; 7 — 3,500,000 (3.5 million); 8 — 20.75; 9 — The car costs twenty thousand dollars.; 10 — over one billion trees.
Kichik sonlardan boshlamoqchi bo‘lsangiz, 1 dan 100 gacha sonlar, “nechanchi?” savoli uchun esa tartib sonlar inglizcha sahifasini oching.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan narx so‘rash, savdolashish yoki shahringiz haqida raqamlar bilan gapirish vaziyatlarini ovoz chiqarib mashq qilishingiz mumkin. Ilova thousand, thirteen/thirty kabi so‘zlar talaffuzi bo‘yicha izoh beradi. Bugun bitta mashq: telefoningizdagi so‘nggi uchta xarid narxini inglizcha ovoz chiqarib o‘qing.
Manbalar
- O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti huzuridagi Statistika agentligi: stat.uz
- United Nations, “Day of Eight Billion”: un.org/en/dayof8billion
