Tartib sonlar (ordinal numbers) “nechanchi?” savoliga javob beradi. Qoida oddiy: songa -th qo‘shiladi (four → fourth, ten → tenth), faqat uchta istisno bor: first, second, third. Qisqa yozuvda son oxiridagi so‘zning so‘nggi ikki harfi qo‘shiladi: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd. Murakkab sonda faqat oxirgi qism o‘zgaradi: twenty-first, one hundred and third.
O‘zbekchada “-inchi” qo‘shimchasi hamma songa bir xil qo‘shiladi va yozuvda chiziqcha bilan beriladi: 5-qavat. Inglizchada chiziqcha yo‘q, qo‘shimcha esa songa qarab o‘zgaradi: the 5th floor.
1 dan 20 gacha: yozilishi va talaffuzi
| Raqam | Yozuv | So‘z | Qanday aytiladi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1st | first | “fyorst”, /fɜːst/ |
| 2 | 2nd | second | “sekend”, /ˈsekənd/ |
| 3 | 3rd | third | “tyord”, til uchi tishlar orasida, /θɜːd/ |
| 4 | 4th | fourth | /fɔːθ/, forth bilan bir xil |
| 5 | 5th | fifth | /fɪfθ/, five emas, f ga almashadi |
| 6 | 6th | sixth | /sɪksθ/, “siksθ”, eng qiyinlaridan biri |
| 7 | 7th | seventh | /ˈsevnθ/ |
| 8 | 8th | eighth | /eɪtθ/, yozuvda bitta t |
| 9 | 9th | ninth | /naɪnθ/, e tushib qoladi |
| 10 | 10th | tenth | /tenθ/ |
| 11 | 11th | eleventh | /ɪˈlevnθ/ |
| 12 | 12th | twelfth | /twelfθ/, ve o‘rniga f |
| 13 | 13th | thirteenth | /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/, urg‘u oxirida |
| 14 | 14th | fourteenth | /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/ |
| 15 | 15th | fifteenth | /ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/ |
| 16 | 16th | sixteenth | /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ |
| 17 | 17th | seventeenth | /ˌsevnˈtiːnθ/ |
| 18 | 18th | eighteenth | /ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/ |
| 19 | 19th | nineteenth | /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ |
| 20 | 20th | twentieth | /ˈtwentiəθ/, y → ie |
Talaffuz maslahati. Oxirgi /θ/ tovushini “s” yoki “t” bilan almashtirsangiz, fifth “fifs”ga, tenth “tent”ga aylanadi. Til uchini ustki tishlarga tegizib, havo chiqaring. Sixth va twelfth kabi uch undosh ketma-ket kelganda sekin boshlang: “siks-θ”, “twelf-θ”. Tabiiy nutqda ham bu tovushlar biroz qisqaradi, shuning uchun mukammallikka intilmang, lekin /θ/ ni tushirib qoldirmang.
20 dan keyin: o‘nliklar, yuzlik va minglik
| Raqam | Yozuv | So‘z |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | 21st | twenty-first |
| 22 | 22nd | twenty-second |
| 23 | 23rd | twenty-third |
| 30 | 30th | thirtieth |
| 40 | 40th | fortieth (u yo‘q) |
| 50 | 50th | fiftieth |
| 90 | 90th | ninetieth |
| 100 | 100th | (one) hundredth |
| 101 | 101st | hundred and first |
| 111 | 111th | hundred and eleventh |
| 1,000 | 1,000th | thousandth |
| 1,000,000 | 1,000,000th | millionth |
Qisqartmada bitta tuzoq bor: 11, 12 va 13 bilan tugaydigan sonlar doim -th oladi, chunki ular eleven, twelve, thirteen deb o‘qiladi: 11th, 12th, 13th, 111th, 212th. 11st yoki 12nd xato. Qolgan hollarda oxirgi raqamga qarang: 1 → st, 2 → nd, 3 → rd, boshqasi → th.
Oddiy sonlarning o‘zi va thirteen/thirty farqi 1 dan 100 gacha sonlar sahifasida, katta sonlarni o‘qish esa katta sonlar inglizcha qo‘llanmasida.
Sanalarda
Sanani ingliz tilida tartib son bilan aytasiz, hatto yozuvda faqat raqam bo‘lsa ham.
- Teachers’ Day in Uzbekistan is on the first of October. (yozuvda: 1 October yoki October 1)
- My exam is on the 23rd of May. — “the twenty-third of May” deb o‘qiladi.
- We moved here on March 3rd. — amerikacha: “March third”.
Britaniya va Amerika sana tartibi, yillarni o‘qish va predloglar sana va vaqt sahifasida.
Qavatlar: Britaniya va Amerika farqi
| O‘zbekcha | Britaniya | Amerika |
|---|---|---|
| 1-qavat | ground floor | first floor |
| 2-qavat | first floor | second floor |
| 3-qavat | second floor | third floor |
| yerto‘la | basement | basement |
O‘zbekistondagi hisob amerikacha tizimga mos. Londonda mehmonxona xodimi Your room is on the first floor desa, zinadan bir qavat ko‘tarilasiz. Qavat bilan predlog on: on the fifth floor. Liftda: Which floor? – Seventh, please.
Sinf, kurs, reyting va tarix
| Vaziyat | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|
| Maktab sinfi | I’m in the ninth grade. | 9-sinfda o‘qiyman. |
| Universitet kursi | I’m a second-year student. / I’m in my second year. | 2-kurs talabasiman. |
| Musobaqa | She came first in the regional olympiad. | Viloyat olimpiadasida birinchi bo‘ldi. |
| O‘rin | Our team finished third. | Jamoamiz uchinchi o‘rinni oldi. |
| Asr | Amir Temur was born in the fourteenth century. | Amir Temur XIV asrda tug‘ilgan. |
| Bino | The Ulugbek Madrasah was built in the fifteenth century. | Ulug‘bek madrasasi XV asrda qurilgan. |
| Yubiley | My parents celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary. | Ota-onam kumush to‘yini nishonladi. |
| Birinchi marta | It was my first time in Samarkand. | Samarqandga birinchi marta borgandim. |
| Hukmdorlar | Elizabeth II — “Elizabeth the Second” | Yelizaveta II |
Rim raqamlari (XIV, XXI) ingliz tilida asr uchun deyarli ishlatilmaydi: the 21st century, “the twenty-first century” deb yozasiz. Britaniya maktablarida sinf Year 9 kabi aytiladi, lekin u yosh bo‘yicha bizning sinfga to‘g‘ri kelmasligi mumkin; o‘zbek maktabi haqida gapirganda grade tushunarliroq.
Kasrlarda ham tartib son ishlatiladi: a third (1/3), two fifths (2/5), three tenths (3/10). Istisno: 1/2 — a half, 1/4 — a quarter. Foiz va o‘nli kasrlar kasr va foizlarni o‘qish sahifasida.
Dialog: kuryerga manzil aytish
Courier: Hello, I’ve got a delivery for you. I’m outside building 14.
Siz: Great. Go to the third entrance – it’s the one with the green door.
Courier: Third entrance. Which floor?
Siz: The seventh. Flat 58. The lift is working today.
Courier: Seventh floor, flat fifty-eight. Is it the first door on the left?
Siz: No, the second door on the right. My name is on it.
Courier: Got it. I’ll be there in two minutes.
Podyezdni inglizcha entrance, uyni (dom) building yoki block deysiz. Telefon raqami va manzilni to‘liq aytish telefon raqami va manzil sahifasida.
O‘zbek o‘quvchilari ko‘p qiladigan xatolar
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| I live on the five floor. | I live on the fifth floor. |
| 1th, 2th, 3th | 1st, 2nd, 3rd |
| 11st, 12nd, 13rd | 11th, 12th, 13th |
| fiveth, nineth, twelveth | fifth, ninth, twelfth |
| I’m in 9 class. | I’m in the ninth grade. |
| in the XXI century | in the 21st century |
| My birthday is in 5 May. | My birthday is on the fifth of May. |
| It was my first time to go there. | It was my first time there. / I went there for the first time. |
O‘zbekcha “5-qavatda” so‘zidagi “-da” qo‘shimchasi in kabi tuyuladi, shuning uchun in the fifth floor xatosi ko‘p uchraydi. Inglizchada qavat bilan har doim on: on the fifth floor.
Mashq
A. Qisqa yozuvda yozing.
- 1. twenty-second
- 2. eleventh
- 3. thirty-third
- 4. one hundred and first
- 5. fifty-fifth
B. So‘z bilan yozing.
- 6. 8th
- 7. 12th
- 8. 40th
C. Xatoni tuzating.
- 9. We live in the three floor.
- 10. She was the one winner in the competition. (birinchi o‘rin ma’nosida)
- 11. Navruz is on 21 March. (o‘qilishini so‘z bilan yozing)
- 12. My brother is in 11 class.
Javoblar
1 — 22nd; 2 — 11th; 3 — 33rd; 4 — 101st; 5 — 55th; 6 — eighth; 7 — twelfth; 8 — fortieth; 9 — We live on the third floor.; 10 — She came first in the competition. (yoki She won first prize.); 11 — Navruz is on the twenty-first of March.; 12 — My brother is in the eleventh grade.
BandMate bilan mashq
BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan suhbatda tug‘ilgan kuningiz, nechanchi qavatda yashashingiz va nechanchi kursda o‘qishingizni aytib bering. Ovozli mashqda ilova fifth, sixth, twelfth kabi so‘zlardagi /θ/ tovushini tushirib qoldirganingizni ko‘rsatadi. Hozir oila a’zolaringizning tug‘ilgan sanalarini tartib son bilan ovoz chiqarib ayting.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
