Materiallar nomi inglizcha: wood, glass, silk va made of

Yog‘och inglizcha wood, shisha — glass, ipak — silk, paxta mato — cotton, loy — clay, temir — iron, plastik — plastic. Buyum nimadan qilinganini aytish uchun made of ishlatiladi: This spoon is made of wood. Yoki materialni sifat qilib, buyum oldiga qo‘yasiz: a wooden spoon, a glass bowl, a silk scarf.

Hozir atrofingizga qarang va ayting: My desk is made of ______, and my cup is made of ______.

Tabiiy materiallar: 12 ta

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Misol
wood	[vud]	yog‘och	The old doors are made of walnut wood.
stone	[stoun]	tosh	The bridge is built of stone.
marble	[MAR-bl]	marmar	The metro station has marble walls.
clay	[kley]	loy	These bowls are made of red clay.
sand	[send]	qum	Glass is made from sand.
cotton	[KO-tn]	paxta; paxta mato	I only sleep in cotton sheets.
silk	[silk]	ipak	Margilan is famous for its silk.
wool	[vul]	jun	This sweater is 100% wool.
leather	[LE-dher]	teri (ishlangan)	My boots are made of real leather.
felt	[felt]	kigiz, namat	Shepherds used felt to make warm rugs.
linen	[LI-nin]	zig‘ir mato	Linen shirts are cool in summer.
bamboo	[bem-BU]	bambuk	The chopsticks are made of bamboo.

Wood va wool yaqin eshitiladi: [vud] — yog‘och, [vul] — jun. Cotton oxirida unli deyarli eshitilmaydi: [KO-tn]. Leather — ishlangan teri; tirik odam yoki hayvon terisi — skin.

wood — kesilgan daraxt g‘o‘lasi — **wood**kesilgan daraxt g‘o‘lasi

clay — kulol charxidagi bir bo‘lak loy — **clay**kulol charxidagi bir bo‘lak loy

silk — cho‘pga osilgan qizil-sariq naqshli ipak mato — **silk**cho‘pga osilgan qizil-sariq naqshli ipak mato

leather — o‘ralgan jigarrang charm — **leather**o‘ralgan jigarrang charm

glass — bo‘sh shisha stakan — **glass**bo‘sh shisha stakan

metal — gaykasi burab qo‘yilgan metall bolt — **metal**gaykasi burab qo‘yilgan metall bolt

Sun’iy va qayta ishlangan materiallar: 14 ta

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Misol
glass	[glas]	shisha	Be careful, the table top is glass.
metal	[ME-tl]	metall	The gate is made of metal.
iron	[AY-ern]	temir; dazmol	The old bed has an iron frame.
steel	[stil]	po‘lat	Chust knives have steel blades.
stainless steel	[STEYN-lis stil]	zanglamas po‘lat	The sink is stainless steel.
aluminium (AmE aluminum)	[e-lyu-MI-ni-um]	alyuminiy	Aluminium pans are light.
copper	[KO-per]	mis	He engraves patterns on copper plates.
gold / silver	[gould] / [SIL-ver]	oltin / kumush	She wore a gold ring and silver earrings.
plastic	[PLES-tik]	plastik	Try not to use plastic bags.
rubber	[RA-ber]	rezina	The gloves are made of rubber.
paper / cardboard	[PEY-per] / [KARD-bord]	qog‘oz / karton	The parcel came in a cardboard box.
brick	[brik]	g‘isht	Our house is made of brick.
concrete	[KON-krit]	beton	They poured the concrete yesterday.
porcelain	[POR-se-lin]	chinni	The teapot is made of porcelain.

Iron so‘zida r deyarli o‘qilmaydi: [AY-ern]. U ikki ma’noli: temir va dazmol. Concrete — beton; “konkret” ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi (a concrete example).

O‘zbek matolari: nomi va izohi

O‘zbek matolarini tarjima qilmang, nomini aytib izohlang:

atlas — a shiny silk fabric with a bright ikat pattern
adras — a fabric woven from silk and cotton, also with an ikat pattern
baxmal — velvet [VEL-vit], a soft fabric with a thick surface
kigiz — felt made by pressing wool

Marg‘ilon ipagi, Chust pichog‘i va kulollar haqida sayyohga batafsil tushuntirish hunarmandchilik inglizcha sahifasida.

Sifat shakli: wooden, woollen, gold

Ko‘p materialning o‘zi sifat bo‘lib ishlaydi: a glass door, a paper bag, a leather jacket, a silk scarf, a plastic chair. Lekin bir nechta istisnoni yodlang:

Material	Buyum oldida	Izoh
wood	wooden	a wooden box (a wood box kam uchraydi)
wool	woollen (AmE woolen)	woollen socks; wool ham bo‘ladi: a wool coat
gold	gold	a gold watch; golden — oltinrang yoki ko‘chma: golden hair, a golden opportunity
silk	silk	silken — faqat she’riy uslubda
metal	metal	metallic — metallga o‘xshash: metallic paint
stone	stone	stony — toshloq: a stony path

Bir nechta sifat kelsa, material eng oxirida, buyumdan oldin turadi: a small round wooden box, a beautiful old silk carpet. To‘liq tartib sifatlar tartibi sahifasida, shakl so‘zlari esa shakllar nomi inglizcha sahifasida.

Made of, made from, made with, made in, made by

Ibora	Qachon	Misol
made of	material ko‘rinib turibdi, o‘zgarmagan	The table is made of oak.
made from	material o‘zgarib ketgan	Paper is made from wood. / Sumalak is made from wheat sprouts.
made with	tarkibidagi bittasi (ovqat)	This plov is made with quince.
made in	qayerda	These shoes were made in Uzbekistan.
made by	kim	This suzani was made by my grandmother.

Bular passiv tuzilma: be + made. Passivni to‘liq passive voice o‘zbekcha sahifasida o‘rganing.

Material xususiyatlari: 13 ta sifat

Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
hard / soft	qattiq / yumshoq	Wool is soft and warm.
heavy / light	og‘ir / yengil	Cast iron pans are heavy.
smooth / rough	silliq / g‘adir-budur	Marble feels smooth and cold.
shiny / dull	yaltiroq / xira	Atlas is shiny on one side.
transparent	shaffof	Glass is transparent.
waterproof	suv o‘tkazmaydigan	I need a waterproof jacket.
fragile	mo‘rt, tez sinadigan	The parcel says “Fragile”.
flexible	egiluvchan	Rubber is flexible.
durable	chidamli	Leather bags are durable.

heavy — yog‘och yashikni zo‘rg‘a ko‘tarayotgan yigit — **heavy**yog‘och yashikni zo‘rg‘a ko‘tarayotgan yigit

light — karton qutini bir qo‘lda yengil ushlagan buvi — **light**karton qutini bir qo‘lda yengil ushlagan buvi

soft — yumshoq oq matoni yuziga tekkizayotgan qiz — **soft**yumshoq oq matoni yuziga tekkizayotgan qiz

fragile — ingichka yoriq tushgan oq kosa — **fragile**ingichka yoriq tushgan oq kosa

a wooden chest — temir burchakli eski yog‘och sandiq — **a wooden chest**temir burchakli eski yog‘och sandiq

a woollen sweater — to‘qilgan yashil sviter — **a woollen sweater**to‘qilgan yashil sviter

leather boots — bog‘ichli jigarrang botinka — **leather boots**bog‘ichli jigarrang botinka

a painted figurine — bezakli tuya haykalchasi — **a painted figurine**bezakli tuya haykalchasi

Mebel do‘konida: dialog

A: Excuse me, is this table made of solid wood?

B: The legs are solid oak, but the top is MDF with an oak veneer.

A: What’s the difference?

B: MDF is made from wood fibres pressed together. It’s cheaper and lighter, but it doesn’t like water.

A: I see. And do you have anything in solid wood?

B: This walnut table. It’s heavier and more expensive, but it will last for years.

A: What about the tablecloths? Are they cotton?

B: This one is 100% cotton, and that one is cotton and polyester. The mixed one doesn’t crease so much.

A: I’ll take the cotton one. Can I wash it in the machine?

B: Yes, at forty degrees.

Made of, from, golden: tipik xatolar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
This bag is from leather.	This bag is made of leather. / It’s a leather bag.	Rus tilidagi “из кожи” tarjimasi.
Paper is made of wood.	Paper is made from wood.	Material o‘zgargan.
a golden ring (oddiy gapda)	a gold ring	golden — rang yoki ko‘chma.
a wood spoon	a wooden spoon	Odatiy shakl wooden.
plastmassa	plastic
This bottle is made of a glass.	This bottle is made of glass.	glass — shisha (sanalmaydi), a glass — stakan.
The shirt is from cotton 100 percents.	The shirt is 100% cotton.	Qisqa va tabiiy.

Mashq

A. Materialni yozing.

1. Windows and bottles are made of it.
2. Sheep give it; sweaters are made of it.
3. Potters make bowls from it.
4. Atlas is made of it.
5. Houses and madrasas are built of it; it’s baked in a kiln.

B. of yoki from?

6. The ring is made ___ silver.
7. Sumalak is made ___ wheat sprouts.
8. Plastic is made ___ oil.

C. Tuzating.

9. I bought a wood box and a golden watch.
10. This jacket is from leather and very durably.

Javoblar

1 — glass; 2 — wool; 3 — clay; 4 — silk; 5 — brick; 6 — of; 7 — from; 8 — from; 9 — I bought a wooden box and a gold watch.; 10 — This jacket is made of leather and it’s very durable.

Uydagi buyumni Bandiga tasvirlang

BandMate ilovasida Bandiga uyingizdagi bitta eski buyum haqida gapirib bering: nimadan qilingan, qayerda va kim yasagan, ushlaganda qanday. Masalan: It’s an old wooden chest. It was made by my grandfather, and it’s very heavy. Bandi savollar berib suhbatni davom ettiradi, ilova esa leather, iron, cotton talaffuzini tekshiradi.

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling