Materiklar va okeanlar inglizcha: 7 materik, 5 okean va xarita

Ingliz tilida so‘zlashuvchi maktablarda odatda yettita materik (continent) sanaladi: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia. Okeanlar beshta: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Southern va the Arctic Ocean. Materik nomi oldidan the qo‘yilmaydi (in Asia), okean nomi oldidan esa doim qo‘yiladi (the Pacific).

Hozir ayting: Uzbekistan is in Central Asia. It doesn’t have a coast, so the nearest ocean is far away.

Yetti materik: nomi, talaffuzi, odam va sifat

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Odam / sifat	Misol
Asia	[EY-zha]	Osiyo	Asian [EY-zhn]	Asia is the largest continent.
Africa	[EF-ri-ka]	Afrika	African	The Sahara is in North Africa.
North America	[nort a-ME-ri-ka]	Shimoliy Amerika	North American	Canada and Mexico are in North America.
South America	[saut a-ME-ri-ka]	Janubiy Amerika	South American	The Amazon flows through South America.
Antarctica	[ent-ARK-ti-ka]	Antarktida	Antarctic	Nobody lives in Antarctica permanently.
Europe	[YUE-rop]	Yevropa	European [yue-ro-PI-an]	Many Uzbek students study in Europe.
Australia	[o-STREY-li-a]	Avstraliya	Australian	Australia is both a country and a continent.

Asia so‘zi “aziya” emas, [EY-zha]; Europe esa “yevropa” emas, [YUE-rop] — ikki bo‘g‘in. European so‘zida urg‘u uchinchi bo‘g‘inga ko‘chadi: [yue-ro-PI-an].

Maktabdagi farq: o‘zbek va rus maktab darsliklarida ko‘pincha oltita materik o‘rgatiladi: Yevrosiyo, Afrika, Shimoliy Amerika, Janubiy Amerika, Avstraliya va Antarktida. Ingliz tilidagi darsliklarda esa Yevropa va Osiyo alohida sanaladi. Ikkalasi ham xato emas, faqat hisoblash usuli boshqa. Kerak bo‘lsa shunday ayting: In Uzbek schools we learn that Eurasia is one continent. Tinch okeanidagi orollar bilan Avstraliya birga Oceania [ou-shi-A-ni-a] deb ham ataladi.

Besh okean

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Misol
the Pacific Ocean	[pa-SI-fik]	Tinch okeani	The Pacific is the largest and deepest ocean.
the Atlantic Ocean	[et-LEN-tik]	Atlantika okeani	Ships crossed the Atlantic for weeks.
the Indian Ocean	[IN-di-an]	Hind okeani	The Maldives are in the Indian Ocean.
the Southern Ocean	[SA-dhern]	Janubiy okean	The Southern Ocean surrounds Antarctica.
the Arctic Ocean	[ARK-tik]	Shimoliy Muz okeani	The Arctic Ocean is covered with ice for much of the year.

Pacific so‘zi “tinch, osoyishta” degani, shuning uchun o‘zbekcha nomi Tinch okeani. Southern so‘zida ou [a] o‘qiladi: [SA-dhern], “sautern” emas. Ko‘p eski darsliklarda to‘rtta okean bor: Janubiy okeanni AQShning NOAA tashkiloti beshinchi okean deb tan oladi, lekin uning chegaralari xalqaro gidrografiya tashkilotida hali rasman tasdiqlanmagan (manba pastda).

Suhbatda Ocean so‘zi ko‘pincha tushib qoladi: We flew over the Atlantic. Artikl esa qoladi.

the globe — Afrika va Yevropa ko‘rinib turgan globus va chamadon — **the globe**Afrika va Yevropa ko‘rinib turgan globus va chamadon

the sea — qumli sohilga urilayotgan to‘lqinlar — **the sea**qumli sohilga urilayotgan to‘lqinlar

mountains — qorli tog‘ cho‘qqilari — **mountains**qorli tog‘ cho‘qqilari

a desert — qum barxanlari va qurigan buta — **a desert**qum barxanlari va qurigan buta

a lake — tog‘lar etagidagi ko‘l va yog‘och ko‘prikcha — **a lake**tog‘lar etagidagi ko‘l va yog‘och ko‘prikcha

a dried-up seabed — yorilgan quruq tuproqda qolib ketgan qayiq — **a dried-up seabed**yorilgan quruq tuproqda qolib ketgan qayiq

Dunyo tomonlari va ularni gapda ishlatish

Inglizcha	Qisqartma	O‘zbekcha	Sifat
north	N	shimol	northern
south	S	janub	southern
east	E	sharq	eastern
west	W	g‘arb	western
north-east	NE	shimoli-sharq	north-eastern
north-west	NW	shimoli-g‘arb	north-western
south-east	SE	janubi-sharq	south-eastern
south-west	SW	janubi-g‘arb	south-western

Ingliz tilida tartib o‘zbekchadagidek: avval north/south, keyin east/west. East-north deyilmaydi.

Uchta qolipni farqlang:

in the north of — hudud ichida: Karakalpakstan is in the north-west of Uzbekistan.
north of — tashqarida, yo‘nalish: Tashkent is north-east of Samarkand. (to the north-east of ham bo‘ladi)
northern — sifat: Northern Europe has long winters.

Yana misollar: The Fergana Valley is in the east of the country. Termez is in the far south, near the Afghan border. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

Geografik so‘zlar: 14 ta

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Misol
the equator	[i-KVEY-ter]	ekvator	It’s hot all year near the equator.
the North Pole	[nort poul]	Shimoliy qutb	The North Pole is in the middle of the Arctic Ocean.
hemisphere	[HE-mis-fir]	yarimshar	Uzbekistan is in the Northern Hemisphere.
latitude	[LE-ti-tyud]	kenglik	Tashkent and Madrid are at a similar latitude.
longitude	[LON-ji-tyud]	uzunlik	Longitude tells you how far east or west a place is.
border	[BOR-der]	chegara	Uzbekistan shares a border with five countries.
coast	[koust]	qirg‘oq, sohil	They live on the Black Sea coast.
island	[AY-lend]	orol	Madagascar is a huge island.
peninsula	[pe-NIN-syu-la]	yarimorol	Italy is on a peninsula.
strait	[streyt]	bo‘g‘oz	A narrow strait separates Europe and Africa.
bay	[bey]	ko‘rfaz	The boats stay in the bay during storms.
landlocked	[LEND-lokt]	dengizga chiqish yo‘li yo‘q	Uzbekistan is doubly landlocked.
time zone	[taym zoun]	vaqt mintaqasi	Russia has eleven time zones.
continent / mainland	[KON-ti-nent]	materik / quruqlik	The island is two hours by ferry from the mainland.

Island so‘zida s o‘qilmaydi: [AY-lend]. Doubly landlocked — dengizga chiqish uchun ikkita davlat chegarasini kesib o‘tish kerak degani; O‘zbekiston shunday ikki davlatdan biri, ikkinchisi Lixtenshteyn. Tog‘, daryo va cho‘l nomlari tabiat so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasida, okean aholisi esa dengiz hayvonlari inglizcha sahifasida.

Xarita o‘qish: so‘zlar va dialog

Xarita so‘zlari: map — xarita, globe — globus, key yoki legend — shartli belgilar, scale — masshtab, compass — kompas, atlas — atlas. Masshtabni o‘qish: 1:1,000,000 — one to a million, ya’ni xaritadagi 1 santimetr joyda 10 kilometr. Katta raqamlarni o‘qish qoidalari katta sonlar inglizcha sahifasida.

A: Can you help me with my geography homework? I have to find five countries on this map.

B: Sure. What’s the first one?

A: Peru. Is it in Africa?

B: No, it’s in South America, on the west coast. Look, here, next to the Pacific.

A: Oh, I see it. And Kenya?

B: Kenya is in East Africa. It’s on the equator and it has a coast on the Indian Ocean.

A: What does this blue line mean?

B: Check the key in the corner. Blue lines are rivers, and the dotted lines are borders.

A: And how far is it from Nairobi to the coast?

B: Use the scale. Here one centimetre is a hundred kilometres. It’s about four and a half centimetres, so roughly four hundred and fifty kilometres.

Yo‘l so‘rash va ko‘chada yo‘nalish ko‘rsatish uchun ingliz tili 5-dars: shahar va yo‘l sahifasiga o‘ting.

a map — yo‘nalish chizig‘i va belgisi bor ochiq xarita — **a map**yo‘nalish chizig‘i va belgisi bor ochiq xarita

a route — uchta belgi nuqtali chiziq bilan tutashtirilgan xarita — **a route**uchta belgi nuqtali chiziq bilan tutashtirilgan xarita

time zones — har xil vaqtni ko‘rsatayotgan ikkita soat — **time zones**har xil vaqtni ko‘rsatayotgan ikkita soat

a canal — paxta ekilgan dala o‘rtasidagi sug‘orish kanali — **a canal**paxta ekilgan dala o‘rtasidagi sug‘orish kanali

Qaysi materikda? Mashhur joylar

Europe: London — Big Ben soat minorasi va qizil avtobus — **Europe: London**Big Ben soat minorasi va qizil avtobus

North America: New York — Ozodlik haykali — **North America: New York**Ozodlik haykali

Asia: Seoul — an’anaviy koreys darvozasi — **Asia: Seoul**an’anaviy koreys darvozasi

Asia: Astana — tepasida oltin shar bor Boyterak minorasi — **Asia: Astana**tepasida oltin shar bor Boyterak minorasi

Europe: Istanbul — konus tomli tosh minora — **Europe: Istanbul**konus tomli tosh minora

Asia: Samarkand — peshtoqli, gumbazli madrasa — **Asia: Samarkand**peshtoqli, gumbazli madrasa

Istanbul ikki materikda joylashgan: shaharning bir qismi Yevropada, bir qismi Osiyoda. Istanbul is on two continents. Davlatlar va millatlar nomi davlatlar nomi inglizcha sahifasida.

Artikl va bosh harf: xarita so‘zlaridagi xatolar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
the Asia, the Africa	Asia, Africa	Materik oldidan artikl yo‘q.
Pacific Ocean is big.	The Pacific Ocean is big.	Okean oldidan the.
He lives in the North of Uzbekistan.	He lives in the north of Uzbekistan.	Dunyo tomoni kichik harf bilan.
Uzbekistan is in east Asia.	Uzbekistan is in Central Asia.	East Asia — Xitoy, Koreya, Yaponiya.
the Antarctica	Antarctica (lekin the Arctic)	The Arctic — mintaqa nomi.
Samarkand is in the south of Tashkent.	Samarkand is south-west of Tashkent.	Shahar boshqa shahar ichida emas.

Mashq

A. Materik yoki okeanni yozing.

1. The largest ocean.
2. The coldest continent, around the South Pole.
3. The continent where Egypt and Kenya are.
4. The ocean between Europe and North America.
5. The continent where Uzbekistan is.

B. To‘ldiring: in the … of / … of / northern.

6. Nukus is in the ______ part of the country.
7. Andijan is ______ the Fergana Valley. (hudud ichida, sharqida)
8. Chimgan is ______ Tashkent. (shahar tashqarisida, shimoli-sharqida)

C. Tuzating.

9. The Europe and the Asia are on one landmass.
10. Kenya is on equator and has coast on Indian ocean.

Javoblar

1 — the Pacific (Ocean); 2 — Antarctica; 3 — Africa; 4 — the Atlantic (Ocean); 5 — Asia; 6 — northern (north-western ham to‘g‘ri); 7 — in the east of; 8 — north-east of; 9 — Europe and Asia are on one landmass.; 10 — Kenya is on the equator and has a coast on the Indian Ocean.

Xaritadagi yo‘lni Bandiga aytib bering

BandMate ilovasida Bandiga orzuingizdagi sayohatni tushuntiring: qaysi materik, qaysi okean ustidan uchasiz, manzil qaysi tomonda. Masalan: I want to fly from Tashkent to Cape Town. It’s in the far south of Africa, on the coast. Bandi savollar bilan suhbatni davom ettiradi, ilova esa Asia, Europe, island talaffuzini tekshiradi.

Manbalar

NOAA: How many oceans are there?

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling