Me’morchilik so‘zlari inglizcha: gumbaz, peshtoq va Registon

Gumbaz inglizcha dome [doum], ravoq — arch [arch], minora — minaret [mi-na-RET], madrasa — madrasa [ma-DRE-sa]. Peshtoq uchun ingliz tilida pishtaq atamasi bor, lekin oddiy suhbatda the main portal yoki the main entrance deyish tushunarliroq. Ganch, koshin, ayvon kabi o‘zbekcha so‘zlarni esa nomi bilan aytib, bir gap bilan izohlaysiz.

Bu sahifa binoni ko‘z bilan tasvirlash uchun: qismlar, shakllar, bezak va sifatlar. Tarixiy hikoya va ekskursiya matni kerak bo‘lsa, gid bo‘lish ingliz tili sahifasiga o‘ting.

Binoning qismlari: poydevordan gumbazgacha

Inglizcha	Talaffuz	O‘zbekcha	Misol
foundation	[faun-DEY-shn]	poydevor	The foundation is made of stone.
wall	[vol]	devor	The walls are more than a metre thick.
column	[KO-lam]	ustun	Twenty wooden columns hold up the roof.
arch	[arch]	ravoq, arka	We walked through a pointed arch.
vault	[volt]	gumbazsimon tom, tonoz	The vault above the entrance is decorated.
niche	[nich] yoki [nish]	tokcha, chuqurcha	Each niche has a small tiled panel.
portal	[POR-tl]	peshtoq	The portal is taller than the rest of the facade.
entrance	[EN-trans]	kirish joyi	The main entrance faces the square.
facade	[fa-SAD]	old tomon, fasad	The facade is covered with blue tiles.
drum	[dram]	gumbaz tagidagi silindr qism	The drum has a band of writing around it.
dome	[doum]	gumbaz	The dome is turquoise and ribbed.
roof	[ruf]	tom	Old houses in Khiva have flat roofs.
tower	[TAU-er]	minora, burj	There’s a round tower at each corner.
minaret	[mi-na-RET]	minora (masjidniki)	The minaret is slim and very tall.
courtyard	[KORT-yard]	hovli	The rooms open onto a quiet courtyard.
gate	[geyt]	darvoza	The old city had four gates.

Tower — har qanday baland minora yoki burj; minaret — masjid yoki madrasa yonidagi, azon aytish uchun qurilgan minora. Facade so‘zida c [s] o‘qiladi: [fa-SAD], “fakad” emas.

a ribbed dome — oltin uchli qovurg‘ali feruza gumbaz — **a ribbed dome**oltin uchli qovurg‘ali feruza gumbaz

a dome on a drum — naqshli silindr ustidagi gumbaz — **a dome on a drum**naqshli silindr ustidagi gumbaz

a portal with a pointed arch — ravoqli, koshinli peshtoq — **a portal with a pointed arch**ravoqli, koshinli peshtoq

a carved wooden door — koshinli ravoq ichidagi o‘ymakor yog‘och eshik — **a carved wooden door**koshinli ravoq ichidagi o‘ymakor yog‘och eshik

a courtyard — ravoqlar bilan o‘ralgan, o‘rtasida hovuzi bor hovli — **a courtyard**ravoqlar bilan o‘ralgan, o‘rtasida hovuzi bor hovli

a mosque with a minaret — gumbazli masjid va yonidagi minora — **a mosque with a minaret**gumbazli masjid va yonidagi minora

a tiled tower — tepasi kesilgandek ko‘rinadigan keng, koshinli minora — **a tiled tower**tepasi kesilgandek ko‘rinadigan keng, koshinli minora

O‘zbek me’morchiligi atamalari inglizcha izoh bilan

O‘zbekcha	Inglizcha izoh
peshtoq	The pishtaq is the huge rectangular portal around the main entrance.
gumbaz	The dome often has two layers: a smaller inner dome and a tall outer one.
minora	A minaret is a tall, thin tower next to a mosque or a madrasa.
ayvon	An ayvan is a covered veranda with wooden columns, open on one side.
ganch	Ganch is a white plaster made from local gypsum; craftsmen carve patterns into it.
koshin	Koshin are glazed ceramic tiles, usually blue, turquoise and white.
muqarnas	Muqarnas is honeycomb-like decoration inside a vault or an arch.
panjara	Panjara is a carved lattice screen in a window; light comes through the holes.
sardoba	A sardoba is a covered water reservoir with a dome, built along old trade routes.
xonaqoh	A khanqah was a lodge where Sufis and travellers could stay and pray.
pishgan g‘isht	Fired brick is baked in a kiln; mud brick is only dried in the sun.

Ikki gumbazli qurilish haqidagi gap umumiy tavsif: har bir binoda shunday emas. Aniq bino haqida so‘rashsa, I think it has a double dome, but let me check deb ayting.

Shakl, material va bezak uchun sifatlar

Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
pointed	uchli	Most arches here are pointed, not round.
ribbed	qovurg‘ali	The ribbed dome looks like a melon.
slender	ingichka, nozik	A slender minaret stands at each corner.
massive	ulkan, og‘ir	The walls look massive from the street.
symmetrical	simmetrik	The two sides of the facade are symmetrical.
ornate	juda bezakli	The ceiling is very ornate.
tiled	koshinli	The whole portal is tiled.
carved	o‘yilgan	Look at the carved wooden columns.
turquoise	feruza rang	The turquoise domes are visible from the hill.
restored	ta’mirlangan	Much of the building was restored in the last century.
crumbling	nuragan	The back wall is crumbling.
imposing	salobatli	It’s an imposing building for such a small town.

Shakllar nomi (round, square, octagonal) va ularning sifat shakllari shakllar nomi inglizcha sahifasida batafsil.

star tiles — ko‘k va oq yulduz naqshli koshinlar — **star tiles**ko‘k va oq yulduz naqshli koshinlar

a geometric pattern — yulduz va xochsimon shakllardan tuzilgan naqsh — **a geometric pattern**yulduz va xochsimon shakllardan tuzilgan naqsh

blue glaze — yarmi ko‘k sir bilan qoplangan koshin — **blue glaze**yarmi ko‘k sir bilan qoplangan koshin

a madrasa facade — peshtoqi, minoralari va ko‘k gumbazi bor madrasa — **a madrasa facade**peshtoqi, minoralari va ko‘k gumbazi bor madrasa

an ensemble around a square — maydon atrofidagi uchta madrasa — **an ensemble around a square**maydon atrofidagi uchta madrasa

Binoni 5 qadamda tasvirlash

Imtihonda ham, sayyoh bilan suhbatda ham bitta tartib ishlaydi:

1. Nima va qayerda: It’s a madrasa in the centre of the old town.
2. Shakl va o‘lcham: It’s rectangular, with a courtyard in the middle and a huge portal at the front.
3. Material va rang: It’s built of fired brick and covered with blue and turquoise tiles.
4. Bezak: Above the entrance there’s muqarnas, and the walls have geometric patterns.
5. Taassurot: It feels calm inside, even when the square is full of people.

Joylashuv iboralari tasvirni jonlantiradi: on the left / on the right, in the middle, at the top of, behind, opposite, at each corner, above the entrance.

Registonni inglizcha tasvirlash: namuna

Bu namuna tarixni emas, ko‘rinishni tasvirlaydi. O‘zingiz ko‘rgan narsani aytsangiz, xato qilish ehtimoli kamayadi.

The Registan is a large open square in Samarkand with three madrasas around it. They stand on three sides, so the square feels like a stage. Each building has a huge portal in the centre of its facade, with a pointed arch and tall walls on both sides. Slim minarets rise at the outer corners, and behind the portals you can see turquoise domes, some of them ribbed.

Almost every surface is decorated. From far away you see blue, turquoise and yellow; when you come closer, the colour turns into thousands of small tiles that make stars, flowers and lines of writing. Inside, each madrasa has a courtyard surrounded by small rooms on two floors.

In the evening the buildings are lit up, and the tiles look darker and deeper. For me, the best moment is just before sunset, when the square is quiet and the domes still catch the light.

Registon UNESCO Butunjahon merosi ro‘yxatidagi “Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures” obyekti tarkibiga kiradi; u ro‘yxatga 2001-yilda kiritilgan (manba pastda). Madrasalarning qurilish yillari va hikoyalari gid bo‘lish ingliz tili sahifasida.

Zamonaviy shahar: 8 ta so‘z

Inglizcha	O‘zbekcha	Misol
skyscraper	osmono‘par bino	New skyscrapers are going up in Tashkent City.
block of flats	ko‘p qavatli uy	We live in a nine-storey block of flats.
storey (AmE story)	qavat (bino balandligi)	It’s a twelve-storey building.
glass facade	shisha fasad	The bank has a glass facade.
monument	yodgorlik	There’s a monument in the middle of the square.
bridge	ko‘prik	An old bridge crosses the canal.
architect	me’mor	Who was the architect of this building?
design	loyiha; loyihalamoq	The station was designed in the 1970s.

Uy turlari, hovli va kvartira so‘zlari uy turlari inglizcha sahifasida.

skyscrapers — shisha fasadli ko‘k osmono‘par binolar — **skyscrapers**shisha fasadli ko‘k osmono‘par binolar

an old walled city — devor bilan o‘ralgan, gumbaz va minorali qadimiy shahar — **an old walled city**devor bilan o‘ralgan, gumbaz va minorali qadimiy shahar

a caravanserai — ichki hovlili g‘isht karvonsaroy — **a caravanserai**ichki hovlili g‘isht karvonsaroy

a town square — favvorali, skameykali doira shaklidagi maydon — **a town square**favvorali, skameykali doira shaklidagi maydon

Qavat, minora, gumbaz: tipik chalkashliklar

Noto‘g‘ri	To‘g‘ri	Izoh
a five-floors building	a five-storey building	Qo‘shma sifatda ko‘plik -s yo‘q; bino balandligi — storey.
I live on the five floor.	I live on the fifth floor.	Qavat raqami — tartib son.
The madrasa is builded from brick.	The madrasa is built of brick.	build – built – built.
There are many domes on the madrasa’s top.	The madrasa has several domes.	Tabiiyroq tuzilma.
cupol	dome (yoki kichik cupola)	Rus tilidagi “купол” emas.
The minaret is very high.	The minaret is very tall.	Ingichka va baland narsa — tall.

Mashq

A. Binoning qaysi qismi?

1. The round top of a building, often blue in Samarkand.
2. A tall, thin tower next to a mosque.
3. The open space in the middle of a madrasa.
4. A covered veranda with wooden columns.
5. The part of the building you walk through first.

B. To‘g‘ri sifatni tanlang.

6. The arches are (pointed / sharp).
7. The two sides of the facade are exactly the same: they are (symmetric / symmetrical).
8. Our office is in a (ten-storey / ten-storeys) building.

C. Tuzating.

9. The dome is covered by blue tiles and the walls is made from brick.
10. Registan has three madrasa.

Javoblar

1 — dome; 2 — minaret; 3 — courtyard; 4 — ayvan; 5 — portal (entrance); 6 — pointed; 7 — symmetrical; 8 — ten-storey; 9 — The dome is covered with blue tiles and the walls are made of brick.; 10 — The Registan has three madrasas.

Sevimli binongizni Bandiga ko‘rsating

BandMate ilovasida Bandi Describe a building you like deb so‘rasa, yuqoridagi 5 qadamdan foydalaning: nima va qayerda, shakl, material, bezak, taassurot. Bandi aniqlashtiruvchi savol beradi va facade, minaret, storey kabi so‘zlarning talaffuzini ko‘rsatadi. Hunarmandlar ishini tasvirlash uchun san’at so‘zlari inglizcha sahifasini oching.

Manbalar

UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures

BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling