O‘lchov birliklari inglizcha: metr, kilogramm, inch va pound

O‘zbekistondagi kabi dunyoning ko‘p qismida metric system ishlatiladi: metre (m), kilogram (kg), litre (l). AQSh esa inch, foot, mile, pound, gallon va Fahrenheit bilan o‘lchaydi, Buyuk Britaniyada ikkala tizim aralash. Eng muhim ikki farq: ingliz tilida kasr nuqta bilan yoziladi (2.5 kg, “two point five”), minglik esa vergul bilan (12,000).

Hozir ayting: I’m one metre seventy tall, and I weigh about sixty-five kilos. Raqamlarni o‘zingiznikiga almashtiring.

Metrik birliklar: yozilishi va o‘qilishi

Yozilishi: Britaniyada metre, litre, AQShda meter, liter. Gapda kilo so‘zi kilogram o‘rnida juda ko‘p ishlatiladi. Tonne — metrik tonna; ton AQSh va eski Britaniya birligi, og‘irligi biroz boshqacha.

Imperial va AQSh birliklari: aniq konvertatsiya

lb qisqartmasi lotincha libra so‘zidan, shuning uchun o‘qilishi baribir pound. Stone ko‘plikda ham stone: He weighs eleven stone.

Tez hisoblash uchun taxminiy qoidalar:

• km → mile: 0.6 ga ko‘paytiring. 100 km/h ≈ 62 mph.
• kg → pound: 2.2 ga ko‘paytiring. 70 kg ≈ 154 lb, ya’ni taxminan 11 stone.
• sm → inch: 2.54 ga bo‘ling. 175 cm ≈ 5 feet 9 inches.
• °C → °F: 1.8 ga ko‘paytirib, 32 qo‘shing. 0 °C = 32 °F, 37 °C ≈ 98.6 °F, 100 °C = 212 °F.

AQSh birliklari AQSh Standartlar instituti (NIST) jadvalidan, Britaniya pint, gallon va stone qiymatlari Buyuk Britaniyaning 1985-yilgi o‘lchovlar qonunidan olingan (manbalar pastda).

Raqam va birlikni ovoz chiqarib o‘qish

O‘zbekcha odat: biz “2,5” va “12 000” deb yozamiz. Ingliz matnida 2,5 ko‘pincha “ikki ming besh yuz” deb tushuniladi, shuning uchun email, CV va IELTS Writingda doim nuqta ishlating: 2.5. Katta sonlarni o‘qish qoidalari katta sonlar inglizcha sahifasida, 1 dan 100 gacha sonlar esa ingliz tilida sonlar sahifasida.

Grammatika: kilos, 5-kilometre, how much

• 1 dan katta sonda birlik ko‘plikda: one kilo, lekin three kilos, 0.5 litres (1 dan kichik kasrda ham odatda ko‘plik).
• Birlik sifat bo‘lib kelsa, ko‘plik -s tushib qoladi va chiziqcha qo‘yiladi: a five-kilometre run, a two-litre bottle, a 40-minute drive.
• Narx “har biri” uchun a yoki per: 12,000 soums a kilo, 5 dollars per metre.
• Savollar: How much does it weigh? — It weighs three kilos. / How long is it? — It’s two metres long. / How tall are you? — I’m one seventy-five. / How far is it? — It’s about 20 kilometres.

Kiyim o‘lchamlari (S, M, L, 42-razmer) kiyim o‘lchami inglizcha sahifasida alohida.

Retseptni o‘qish: stakan va qoshiqlar

Ingliz tilidagi, ayniqsa amerikacha retseptlarda og‘irlik emas, hajm ishlatiladi: cup (AQSh stakani, taxminan 240 ml), tablespoon, teaspoon. Un suvdan yengil, shuning uchun 1 stakan un 240 g emas, taxminan 120–130 g chiqadi. Oddiy quymoq retseptini ovoz chiqarib o‘qing:

Pancakes (makes 8)
1 ½ cups flour — one and a half cups of flour
1 cup milk — a cup of milk
1 egg
2 tbsp sugar — two tablespoons of sugar
2 tsp baking powder — two teaspoons of baking powder
¼ tsp salt — a quarter of a teaspoon of salt
2 tbsp melted butter

Pechdagi harorat ham boshqacha: amerikacha 350 °F taxminan 175–180 °C ga to‘g‘ri keladi. O‘zbek osh retseptini inglizcha aytsangiz, metrik birlik qoladi: a kilo of rice, a kilo of carrots, 700 grams of lamb, 250 millilitres of oil, a teaspoon of cumin. Oshxona idishlari va pishirish fe’llari oshxona buyumlari inglizcha sahifasida.

Bozorda: narx va og‘irlik dialogi

Dialogdagi narxlar faqat mashq uchun misol.

A: Hello! How much are the apricots?

B: Twenty-five thousand a kilo.

A: Can I have one and a half kilos, please?

B: Sure. That’s a bit more, one point six. Is that OK?

A: Yes, that’s fine. And how much is the honey?

B: This jar is half a litre, sixty thousand. The big one is a litre, a hundred and ten.

A: I’ll take the small one. How much is that altogether?

B: Forty thousand for the apricots and sixty for the honey. One hundred thousand soums.

Savdolashish iboralari savdolashish inglizcha sahifasida.

Kilo, gradus, santimetr: tipik xatolar

Mashq

A. Ovoz chiqarib o‘qing va yozing.

• 1. 3.5 kg
• 2. 1.82 m (bo‘y)
• 3. −12 °C

B. Hisoblang (taxminan).

• 4. 10 miles ≈ ___ km
• 5. 5 pounds ≈ ___ kg
• 6. 30 °C ≈ ___ °F
• 7. 2 inches ≈ ___ cm

C. To‘g‘ri variant.

• 8. a (two-litre / two-litres) bottle
• 9. How much does it (weight / weigh)?
• 10. Tuzating: I need 1,5 meter of cotton.

Javoblar

1 — three point five kilos yoki three and a half kilos; 2 — one metre eighty-two (one eighty-two); 3 — minus twelve degrees yoki twelve below zero; 4 — 16 km (16.1); 5 — 2.3 kg (2.27); 6 — 86 °F; 7 — 5 cm (5.08); 8 — two-litre; 9 — weigh; 10 — I need 1.5 metres of cotton. (one and a half metres)

Raqamlarni Bandi bilan mashq qiling

BandMate ilovasida Bandi bilan bozor yoki do‘kon vaziyatini o‘ynang: siz xaridor, Bandi sotuvchi. Og‘irlik, narx va o‘lchamni ovoz chiqarib ayting: two and a half kilos, a two-litre bottle, twelve thousand a kilo. Ilova talaffuzingizni tekshiradi, thirteen va thirty kabi raqamlarni adashtirsangiz, ko‘rsatadi.

Manbalar

• NIST: Approximate conversions from U.S. customary measures to metric
• UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1

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