O‘tgan dam olish kuni haqidagi matn past simple bilan yoziladi: Last Saturday I went to my grandmother’s. We cooked plov. Matnda beshta narsa bo‘lsa yetarli: qachon (last weekend, on Saturday morning), qayerda, kim bilan, nima qildingiz va qanday o‘tdi (It was fun / tiring / boring). Odatdagi hafta oxiringiz haqida yozsangiz, present simple kerak: On Sundays I usually sleep late.
Quyida uch darajadagi matn va tarjimasi, kerakli fe’llarning o‘tgan shakli, shablon, bir daqiqalik og‘zaki variant va javobli mashq bor. Eng qisqa matndan boshlang: uni hoziroq o‘z shanbangizga moslab aytib ko‘rishingiz mumkin.
A1: Last Saturday
Last Saturday I got up at nine. I had breakfast with my family: bread, eggs and green tea. Then I helped my mother. I cleaned my room and went to the shop. In the afternoon I played football with my friends in the park. In the evening we watched a film at home. It was a good day! (58 so‘z)
Tarjimasi. O‘tgan shanba kuni soat to‘qqizda turdim. Oilam bilan nonushta qildim: non, tuxum va ko‘k choy. Keyin onamga yordam berdim. Xonamni yig‘ishtirdim va do‘konga bordim. Tushdan keyin do‘stlarim bilan bog‘da futbol o‘ynadim. Kechqurun uyda kino ko‘rdik. Yaxshi kun bo‘ldi!
Nimaga e’tibor bering: har bir fe’l o‘tgan shaklda turibdi: got up, had, helped, cleaned, went, played, watched, was. Last Saturday oldidan predlog qo‘yilmaydi (on last Saturday emas). "Kino ko‘rdik" inglizchada we watched a film.
Hafta oxiri fe’llari: 16 ta fe’l va o‘tgan shakli
To‘g‘ri fe’llarga -ed qo‘shiladi (play → played). Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarni esa yodlash kerak, jadvaldagi 16 fe’lning to‘qqiztasi aynan shunday.
| Fe’l | O‘tgan shakli | Tarjima | Misol |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | bormoq | We went to Chorvoq. |
| get up | got up | o‘rnidan turmoq | I got up late on Sunday. |
| have | had | yemoq; ega bo‘lmoq | We had lunch at my aunt’s. |
| meet | met | uchrashmoq | I met my classmates in the city centre. |
| see | saw | ko‘rmoq | We saw a lot of snow in the mountains. |
| visit | visited | borib ko‘rmoq | We visited my grandparents. |
| help | helped | yordam bermoq | I helped my dad in the garden. |
| cook | cooked | pishirmoq | My sister cooked manti. |
| clean | cleaned | tozalamoq | We cleaned the whole flat. |
| play | played | o‘ynamoq | The boys played football. |
| watch | watched | tomosha qilmoq | I watched a match on TV. |
| buy | bought | sotib olmoq | Mum bought fruit at the bazaar. |
| eat | ate | yemoq | We ate shashlik by the river. |
| sleep | slept | uxlamoq | I slept until ten. |
| spend | spent | (vaqt) o‘tkazmoq | I spent Sunday at home. |
| stay | stayed | qolmoq | We stayed at home because it rained. |
Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan fe’llarning uchala shakli fe’llar jadvali sahifasida, zamonning o‘zi esa past simple qoidasi sahifasida tushuntirilgan.
A2: A day in the mountains
Last weekend my family and I went to the mountains near Chimgan. We left home early on Saturday morning, because the road gets very busy at weekends. When we arrived, the air was fresh and cold. My dad and my uncle made a fire and cooked shashlik, and my little brother and I walked up the hill. We took a lot of photos. After lunch it started to rain, so we sat in the car and drank hot tea from a thermos. We came back home at seven in the evening. I was tired, but it was one of the best weekends this year. (104 so‘z)
Tarjimasi. O‘tgan hafta oxiri oilam bilan Chimyon yaqinidagi tog‘larga bordik. Shanba kuni ertalab uydan erta chiqdik, chunki dam olish kunlari yo‘l juda gavjum bo‘ladi. Yetib kelganimizda havo toza va salqin edi. Dadam bilan amakim olov yoqib, shashlik pishirishdi, ukam bilan men esa tepalikka chiqdik. Ko‘p surat oldik. Tushlikdan keyin yomg‘ir yog‘a boshladi, shuning uchun mashinada o‘tirib, termosdan issiq choy ichdik. Kechqurun soat yettida uyga qaytdik. Charchadim, lekin bu yilning eng yaxshi dam olish kunlaridan biri bo‘ldi.
Nimaga e’tibor bering: voqealar tartibi aniq ko‘rinadi (early on Saturday morning → When we arrived → After lunch → at seven in the evening), sabab va natija bog‘langan (because, so), oxirida esa baho bor (I was tired, but…). A2 matnni A1 dan aynan shu bog‘lovchilar ajratib turadi.
B1: The weekend that didn’t go to plan
I had big plans for last weekend. My friends and I wanted to cycle along the Ankhor canal on Saturday and go to the cinema on Sunday. But on Friday evening my mum told me that my cousin’s wedding was on Sunday and that the whole family needed help.
So instead of cycling, I spent Saturday carrying chairs, washing dishes and peeling carrots for the plov. While the women were making salads in the kitchen, my uncles were putting up tables in the yard. At first I was a bit annoyed, because I had waited for that bike ride all week. But by the evening I realised I was actually enjoying myself: we were laughing, telling old family stories and eating hot samsa straight from the tandir.
On Sunday the wedding went perfectly. I didn’t see my friends and I didn’t watch a single film, but I think it was the most memorable weekend of the autumn. (157 so‘z)
Tarjimasi. O‘tgan hafta oxiriga katta rejalarim bor edi. Do‘stlarim bilan shanba kuni Anhor bo‘ylab velosipedda yurmoqchi, yakshanba kuni esa kinoga bormoqchi edik. Lekin juma kuni kechqurun onam yakshanba kuni xolavachchamning to‘yi borligini va butun oilaga yordam kerakligini aytdi.
Shunday qilib, velosiped o‘rniga shanbani stul tashib, idish yuvib va osh uchun sabzi tozalab o‘tkazdim. Ayollar oshxonada salat tayyorlayotganda, amakilarim hovlida stol qo‘yayotgan edi. Avvaliga biroz jahlim chiqdi, chunki velosiped sayrini butun hafta kutgandim. Lekin kechga borib, aslida o‘zim ham zavqlanayotganimni angladim: kulardik, oilaning eski voqealarini gapirardik va tandirdan endigina uzilgan issiq somsa yerdik.
Yakshanba kuni to‘y a’lo darajada o‘tdi. Do‘stlarimni ko‘rmadim, birorta ham kino ko‘rmadim, lekin menimcha, bu kuzning eng esda qolarli hafta oxiri bo‘ldi.
Nega bu B1: bitta matnda uch o‘tgan zamon ishlaydi: past simple asosiy voqealar uchun, past continuous fon uchun (While the women were making…), past perfect undan oldingi voqea uchun (I had waited). Reja bilan haqiqat o‘rtasidagi qarama-qarshilik (I had big plans… But… So instead of…) oddiy ro‘yxatni hikoyaga aylantiradi. Ikki zamonni farqlashda ikkilansangiz, past simple va past continuous farqi sahifasini ko‘ring.
Usually yoki last weekend: zamonni tanlash
Maktabda ikki xil topshiriq uchraydi: "My weekend" (hafta oxiringiz odatda qanday o‘tadi) va "How I spent my last weekend" (o‘tgan hafta oxiri). Birinchisi present simple, ikkinchisi past simple bilan yoziladi.
| Odatdagi hafta oxiri | O‘tgan hafta oxiri |
|---|---|
| On Saturdays I usually clean my room. | Last Saturday I cleaned my room. |
| We often visit my grandparents. | We visited my grandparents. |
| My dad doesn’t work at weekends. | My dad didn’t work last weekend. |
| Do you go out on Sundays? | Did you go out on Sunday? |
Inkor va so‘roq gapda didn’t / did kelgach, fe’l yana birinchi shaklga qaytadi: I didn’t go, I didn’t went emas.
Shablon: o‘z hafta oxiringiz uchun
Last weekend was ______ (great / quiet / busy). On Saturday morning I ______. Then I ______ with ______. In the afternoon we went to ______ and ______. On Sunday I ______. The best moment was when ______. The only bad thing was ______. At the end of the weekend I felt ______ (happy / tired / relaxed). Next weekend I would like to ______.
Shablonni to‘ldirib bo‘lgach, har bir fe’lni alohida tekshiring: -ed qo‘shildimi yoki bu noto‘g‘ri fe’lmi? Shu bitta tekshiruv ko‘p xatoni ushlab qoladi.
"Last Sunday I go…": hafta oxiri matnidagi 7 xato
| Xato | To‘g‘ri |
|---|---|
| Last Sunday I go to the park. | Last Sunday I went to the park. |
| On last Saturday we visited Samarkand. | Last Saturday we visited Samarkand. |
| I didn’t went to school. | I didn’t go to school. |
| We was at home all day. | We were at home all day. |
| I played with computer. | I played computer games. |
| I spent my weekend very well. | I had a great weekend. |
| It was very interesting weekend. | It was a very interesting weekend. |
"Hafta oxirini yaxshi o‘tkazdim" gapini so‘zma-so‘z o‘girish spent very well ni beradi. Inglizlar bunday demaydi: I had a great weekend yoki My weekend was great tabiiyroq.
Bir daqiqalik og‘zaki variant
Og‘zaki javobda hamma voqeani sanab chiqmang. Ikki-uch voqea va bitta his-tuyg‘u yetarli.
Namuna (taxminan 1 daqiqa): Well, last weekend was pretty relaxing, actually. On Saturday I slept until ten, which I never do on school days. Then I met two friends in the city centre, and we just walked around and had ice cream. On Sunday my family drove to my grandparents’ house outside the city. My grandmother cooked plov, and my cousins and I played football in the garden until it got dark. So nothing special, but I really enjoyed it, because I didn’t have to think about homework for two whole days. Well, until Sunday night!
Bu savol IELTS Speaking Part 1 da ham beriladi. Qo‘shimcha savollar va qaysi savolga qaysi zamon kerakligi weekend savollari sahifasida.
Mashq: fe’lni o‘tgan zamonga qo‘ying
1. Last Sunday we ___ (go) to Chorsu Bazaar.
2. I ___ (not / watch) TV on Saturday.
3. My sister ___ (cook) lagman for lunch.
4. We ___ (eat) ice cream in the park.
5. ___ you ___ (see) the match yesterday?
6. I ___ (meet) my classmates at the cinema.
7. It ___ (be) cold, so we ___ (stay) at home.
8. My dad ___ (buy) a new ball for us.
9. Xatoni toping: "On last weekend I visited my grandmother."
10. Tarjima qiling: "Yakshanba kuni uzoq uxladim va kitob o‘qidim."
Javoblar
1. went 2. didn’t watch 3. cooked 4. ate 5. Did … see 6. met 7. was … stayed 8. bought 9. Last weekend I visited my grandmother. (on ortiqcha) 10. On Sunday I slept late and read a book. (read ning o‘tgan shakli yozilishi bir xil, lekin /red/ deb o‘qiladi)
Yana topshiriq kerak bo‘lsa, past simple mashqlari sahifasiga o‘ting.
Hafta oxiringizni Bandi’ga aytib bering
Yozishda went va saw ni bilasiz, lekin gapirayotganda tilga ko‘pincha go va see kelib qoladi. BandMate ilovasida Bandi What did you do last weekend? deb so‘raydi va javobingizga qarab Who did you go with? kabi qo‘shimcha savol beradi. Suhbatdan keyin zamon va talaffuz bo‘yicha izoh chiqadi; u mashq uchun, rasmiy baho emas.
Bugungi qadam: shablonni o‘tgan hafta oxiringiz bilan to‘ldiring, keyin daftarga qaramasdan bir daqiqa gapirib, telefonga yozib oling. Yozuvni tinglab, har bir o‘tgan zamon fe’lini sanang.
BandMate’ni Google’da afzal manba qiling
